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Mekinian A, Biard L, Lorenzo D, Novikov PI, Salvarani C, Espitia O, Sciascia S, Michaud M, Lambert M, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Schleinitz N, Awisat A, Puechal X, Aouba A, Munoz Pons H, Smitienko I, Gaultier JB, Edwige LM, Benhamou Y, Perlat A, Jego P, Goulenok T, Sacre K, Lioger B, Hassold N, Broner J, Dufrost V, Sené T, Seguier J, Maurier F, Berthier S, Belot A, Frikha F, Denis G, Audemard-Verger A, Koné-Paut I, Humbert S, Woaye-Hune P, Tomelleri A, Baldissera EM, Kuwana M, Logullo A, Mukuchyan V, Dellal A, Gaches F, Zeminsky P, Galli E, Alvarado M, Boiardi L, Francesco M, Vautier M, Corrado C, Moiseev S, Vieira M, Cacoub P, Fain O, Saadoun D. Intravenous versus subcutaneous tocilizumab in Takayasu arteritis: multicentre retrospective study. RMD Open 2023; 9:e002830. [PMID: 37321669 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this large multicentre study, we compared the effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab intravenous versus subcutaneous (SC) in 109 Takayasu arteritis (TAK) patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective multicentre study in referral centres from France, Italy, Spain, Armenia, Israel, Japan, Tunisia and Russia regarding biological-targeted therapies in TAK, since January 2017 to September 2019. RESULTS A total of 109 TAK patients received at least 3 months tocilizumab therapy and were included in this study. Among them, 91 and 18 patients received intravenous and SC tocilizumab, respectively. A complete response (NIH <2 with less than 7.5 mg/day of prednisone) at 6 months was evidenced in 69% of TAK patients, of whom 57 (70%) and 11 (69%) patients were on intravenous and SC tocilizumab, respectively (p=0.95). The factors associated with complete response to tocilizumab at 6 months in multivariate analysis, only age <30 years (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.14 to 7.12; p=0.027) and time between TAK diagnosis and tocilizumab initiation (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.36; p=0.034). During the median follow-up of 30.1 months (0.4; 105.8) and 10.8 (0.1; 46.4) (p<0.0001) in patients who received tocilizumab in intravenous and SC forms, respectively, the risk of relapse was significantly higher in TAK patients on SC tocilizumab (HR=2.55, 95% CI 1.08 to 6.02; p=0.033). The overall cumulative incidence of relapse at 12 months in TAK patients was at 13.7% (95% CI 7.6% to 21.5%), with 10.3% (95% CI 4.8% to 18.4%) for those on intravenous tocilizumab vs 30.9% (95% CI 10.5% to 54.2%) for patients receiving SC tocilizumab. Adverse events occurred in 14 (15%) patients on intravenous route and in 2 (11%) on SC tocilizumab. CONCLUSION In this study, we confirm that tocilizumab is effective in TAK, with complete remission being achieving by 70% of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs-refractory TAK patients at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Mekinian
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), F-75012, Paris, France, French Armenian research center, Erevan, Armenia
| | - Lucie Biard
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale (DMU PRISME), INSERM U1153 Team ECSTRRA, Paris, France
| | - Dagna Lorenzo
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pavel I Novikov
- Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Azienda USL-IRCCS; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia and Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Olivier Espitia
- Department of internal and vascular medicine, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martin Michaud
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Joseph Ducuing, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Lambert
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre National de Référence Maladies Systémiques et Auto-immunes Rares Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ReCONNECT), INSERM, UMR 1167, RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | - José Hernández-Rodríguez
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Abid Awisat
- Rheumatology Unit, Bnei Zion Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xavier Puechal
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, Service de médecine interne, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Achille Aouba
- Département de médecine interne, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Helene Munoz Pons
- Département de médecine interne, CHU Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Ilya Smitienko
- Rheumatology Department, Medical Center K-31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jean Baptiste Gaultier
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier universitaire de St Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Le Mouel Edwige
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, CHU Rennes, Universitaire de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Ygal Benhamou
- Service de médecine interne, Université Rouen, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Antoinette Perlat
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, CHU Rennes, Universitaire de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Jego
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, CHU Rennes, Universitaire de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Tiphaine Goulenok
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
| | - Karim Sacre
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
| | | | - Nolan Hassold
- Service de Rhumatologie pédiatrique et centre de référence des maladies autoinflammatoires et de l'amylose inflammatoire, CEREMAIA, hôpital de Bicêtre, APHP, France, université de Paris Sud-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Virginie Dufrost
- Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, University of Lorraine, Inserm UMR_S 1116, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Sené
- Service de médecine interne, Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Julie Seguier
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Francois Maurier
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique Groupe Hospitalier UNEOS, Vantoux, France
| | - Sabine Berthier
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, Université Dijon, Hôpital Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Service de pédiatrie et immunologie clinique, Université Lyon, Hôpital Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Faten Frikha
- Service de Médecine interne CHU Hédi Chaker, Route El Ain 3029 Sfax -Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Guillaume Denis
- Service de médecine et d'hématologie, Hopital Rochefort, Rochefort, France
| | - Alexandra Audemard-Verger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHRU Tours, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Koné-Paut
- Service de Rhumatologie pédiatrique et centre de référence des maladies autoinflammatoires et de l'amylose inflammatoire, CEREMAIA, hôpital de Bicêtre, APHP, France, université de Paris Sud-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Humbert
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, Hôpital Besancon, Besancon, France
| | | | - Alessandro Tomelleri
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marina Baldissera
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alberto Logullo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Ospedale Piemonte, Messina, Italy
| | - Vahan Mukuchyan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Nairi hospital, Erevan, Armenia
| | - Azeddine Dellal
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Montfermeil, GHI Le Raincy Montfermeil, Montfermeil, France
| | - Francis Gaches
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Joseph Ducuing, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Zeminsky
- Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, University of Lorraine, Inserm UMR_S 1116, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Elena Galli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Moya Alvarado
- Azienda USL-IRCCS; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia and Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Boiardi
- Azienda USL-IRCCS; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia and Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Muratore Francesco
- Azienda USL-IRCCS; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia and Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mathieu Vautier
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale (DMU PRISME), INSERM U1153 Team ECSTRRA, Paris, France
| | - Campochiaro Corrado
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergey Moiseev
- Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Matheus Vieira
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology France, Centre national de référence maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques rares, Centre national de référence maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology France, Centre national de référence maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques rares, Centre national de référence maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Fain
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), F-75012, Paris, France, French Armenian research center, Erevan, Armenia
| | - David Saadoun
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology France, Centre national de référence maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques rares, Centre national de référence maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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Mekinian A, Biard L, Dagna L, Novikov P, Salvarani C, Espita O, Sciscia S, Michaud M, Lambert M, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Schleinitz N, Awisat A, Puéchal X, Aouba A, Pons HM, Smitienko I, Gaultier JB, Edwige LM, Benhamou Y, Perlat A, Jego P, Goulenok T, Sacre K, Lioger B, Nolan H, Broner J, Dufrost V, Sene T, Seguier J, Maurier F, Berthier S, Belot A, Frikha F, Denis G, Audemard-Verger A, Pault IK, Humbert S, Woaye-Hune P, Tomelleri A, Baldissera E, Kuwana M, Logullo A, Gaches F, Zeminsky P, Galli E, Alvarado M, Luigi PB, Francesco M, Vautier M, Campochiaro C, Moiseev S, Cacoub P, Fain O, Saadoun D. Efficacy and safety of TNF-α antagonists and tocilizumab in Takayasu arteritis: Multicenter retrospective study of 209 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1376-1384. [PMID: 34363461 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess safety and efficacy of TNF-α antagonists and tocilizumab in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK). METHODS AND RESULTS Two-hundred nine patients with TAK [median age of 29 years [7-62], and 186 (89%) females] were included. They received either TNF-α antagonists [n = 132 (63%) with 172 lines; infliximab (n = 109), adalimumab (n = 45), golimumab (n = 8), certolizumab (n = 6) and etanercept (n = 5)], or tocilizumab [n = 77 (37%) with 121 lines; intravenous and subcutaneous in 95 and 26 cases, respectively]. A complete response at 6 months was evidenced in 101/152 (66%) on TNF-α antagonists and 75/107 (70%) on tocilizumab, respectively. Age ≥ 30 years [OR = 2.09 [1.09; 3.99]] was associated with complete response, whereas vascular signs [0.26 [0.1; 0.65]], baseline prednisone ≥ 20 mg/day [0.51 [0.28; 0.93]] were negatively associated with the complete response to TNF-α antagonists or tocilizumab. During a median follow-up of 36 months, 103 relapses were noted. Supra-aortic branches and thoracic aorta involvements [HR 2.44 (1.06; 5.65) and 3.66 (1.18; 11.4), respectively], and systemic signs at baseline [HR 2.01 (1.30; 3.11)] were significantly associated with relapse. The cumulative incidence of treatment discontinuation and relapse were similar in TNFα antagonists and tocilizumab. Fifty-eight (20%) adverse effects occurred on biological-targeted therapies of whom 37 (21%) and 21 (17%), (p= 0.4) on TNF-α antagonists and tocilizumab, respectively. CONCLUSION This large multicentre study shows high efficacy of biological-targeted treatments in refractory TAK. Efficacy, relapse and drug retention rate were equivalent with TNF-α antagonists and tocilizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Mekinian
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Lucie Biard
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale (DMU PRISME), INSERM U1153 Team ECSTRRA, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pavel Novikov
- Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Unit of Rheumatology, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Olivier Espita
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Savino Sciscia
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martin Michaud
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Joseph Ducuing, Toulouse, 31076
| | - Marc Lambert
- Service de médecine interne, CHU Lille, Université Lille II, Lille, France
| | - José Hernández-Rodríguez
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
| | | | - Abid Awisat
- Rheumatology unit, Bnai Zion medical center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xavier Puéchal
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Achille Aouba
- Département de médecine interne, CHU, Caen, Caen, France
| | - Helene Munoz Pons
- Département de médecine interne, CHU, Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Ilya Smitienko
- Rheumatology department, Medical Center, Moscow, K-31, Russia
| | - Jean Baptiste Gaultier
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier universitaire de St Etienne, saint Etienne cedex 2, 42055, France
| | - Le Mouel Edwige
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Ygal Benhamou
- Service de médecine interne, Université Rouen, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | - Patrick Jego
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Tiphaine Goulenok
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, INSERM U1149, France
| | - Karim Sacre
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, INSERM U1149, France
| | | | - Hassold Nolan
- Service de Rhumatologie pédiatrique et centre de référence des maladies autoinflammatoires et de l'amylose inflammatoire, CEREMAIA, hôpital de Bicêtre, APHP, France, université de Paris Sud-Saclay
| | | | - Virginie Dufrost
- University of Lorraine, Inserm UMR_S 1116, CHRU de Nancy, Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Thomas Sene
- Service de médecine interne, Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Julie Seguier
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Francois Maurier
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique Groupe Hospitalier UNEOS Metz-Vantoux, France
| | - Sabine Berthier
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, Université Dijon, Hôpital Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Service de pédiatrie et immunologie clinique, Université Lyon, Hôpital Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Faten Frikha
- Service de Médecine interne CHU Hédi Chaker, Route El Ain, Sfax -Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, 3029, Tunisie
| | - Guillaume Denis
- Service de médecine et d'hématologie, Hopital Rochefort, Rochefort, France
| | | | - Isabelle Kone Pault
- Service de Rhumatologie pédiatrique et centre de référence des maladies autoinflammatoires et de l'amylose inflammatoire, CEREMAIA, hôpital de Bicêtre, APHP, France, université de Paris Sud-Saclay
| | - Sebastien Humbert
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, Hôpital Besancon, Besancon, France
| | | | - Alessandro Tomelleri
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Baldissera
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alberto Logullo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Ospedale Piemonte, Messina, Italy
| | - Francis Gaches
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Joseph Ducuing, Toulouse, 31076
| | - Pierre Zeminsky
- University of Lorraine, Inserm UMR_S 1116, CHRU de Nancy, Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Elena Galli
- Unit of Rheumatology, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Moya Alvarado
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Mathieu Vautier
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale (DMU PRISME), INSERM U1153 Team ECSTRRA, Paris, France
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergey Moiseev
- Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology France, Centre national de référence maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques rares, Centre national de référence maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Olivier Fain
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, F-75012, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology France, Centre national de référence maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques rares, Centre national de référence maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, F-75013, France
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