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Ofenheimer A, Breyer MK, Wouters EFM, Schiffers C, Hartl S, Burghuber OC, Krach F, Maninno DM, Franssen FME, Mraz T, Puchhammer P, Breyer-Kohansal R. The effect of body compartments on lung function in childhood and adolescence. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:476-481. [PMID: 38181525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an association between body composition and lung function, assessed by spirometry, but the effects of body compartments on static lung volumes and its changes during lung growth remain to be explored. We aimed to investigate the association of appendicular lean mass, reflecting skeletal muscle mass, and fat mass on forced and static lung function measures in childhood and adolescence. METHODS In total, 1489 children and adolescents (6-18 years) of the observational, longitudinal (first and second visit within 4 years), general population-based LEAD study have been investigated. The association of appendicular lean mass and fat mass indices (ALMI and FMI; assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) on lung function by spirometry (FEV1, FVC) and body plethysmography (TLC, RV, FRC) was investigated cross-sectionally. Longitudinal associations between lung function and body compartment changes between the two visits were analyzed. FINDINGS The ALMI is positively associated with FEV1, FVC, and TLC. Contrary, FMI is inversely associated with lung function measures including FRC and RV. During the phase of lung growth, higher gain in muscle mass is associated with higher increases of FVC and TLC. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates the different effects of muscle and fat mass on forced expiratory and static lung volumes. Achieving and maintaining muscle mass in childhood and adolescence might become an important preventive strategy for lung health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ofenheimer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto C Burghuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Krach
- ETH Zürich, Department of Mathematics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David M Maninno
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Mraz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria
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Schiffers C, Faner R, Ofenheimer A, Sunanta O, Puchhammer P, Mraz T, Breyer MK, Burghuber OC, Hartl S, Agustí A, Breyer-Kohansal R. Supranormal lung function: Prevalence, associated factors and clinical manifestations across the lifespan. Respirology 2023; 28:942-953. [PMID: 37434280 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It is now well established that there are different life-long lung function trajectories in the general population, and that some are associated with better or worse health outcomes. Yet, the prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of individuals with supranormal FEV1 or FVC values (above the upper-limit of normal [ULN]) in different age-bins through the lifetime in the general population are poorly understood. METHOD To address these questions, we investigated the prevalence of supranormal FEV1 and FVC values in the LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl and boDy) study, a general population cohort in Austria that includes participants from 6 to 82 years of age. RESULTS We found that: (1) the prevalence of supranormal pre-bronchodilator FEV1 and FVC values was 3.4% and 3.1%, respectively, and that these figures remained relatively stable through different age-bins except for participants >60 years., in whom they increased (5.0% and 4.2%, respectively). Approximately 50% of supranormal individuals had both increased FEV1 and FVC values; (2) supranormal spirometric values were consistently accompanied by higher static lung volumes and lower specific airway resistance through the lifespan, indicating better overall lung function; and (3) multivariate regression analysis identified that female sex, higher muscle mass (FFMI), less diabetes and fewer respiratory symptoms were consistently associated with supranormal FEV1 and FVC values. CONCLUSION Supranormal FEV1 and/or FVC values occur in about 3% of the general population in different age bins and are associated with better health markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Faner
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alina Ofenheimer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Owat Sunanta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tobias Mraz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Chris Burghuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alvar Agustí
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria
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