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Liu Y, Leslie PL, Zhang Y. Life and Death Decision-Making by p53 and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:226-239. [PMID: 33199193 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is mutated in approximately half of all cancers, whereas the p53 signaling network is perturbed in almost all cancers. In response to different stress stimuli, p53 selectively activates genes to elicit a cell survival or cell death response. How p53 makes the decision between life and death remains a fascinating question and an exciting field of research. Understanding how this decision is made has major implications for improving cancer treatments, particularly in recently evolved immune checkpoint inhibition therapy. We highlight progress and challenges in understanding the mechanisms governing the p53 life and death decision-making process, and discuss how this decision is relevant to immune system regulation. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of the p53 pro-survival and pro-death decision node can be applied to optimize immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
| | - Patrick L Leslie
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA.
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2
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Leslie PL, Chao YL, Tsai YH, Ghosh SK, Porrello A, Van Swearingen AED, Harrison EB, Cooley BC, Parker JS, Carey LA, Pecot CV. Histone deacetylase 11 inhibition promotes breast cancer metastasis from lymph nodes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4192. [PMID: 31519896 PMCID: PMC6744422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastases correspond with a worse prognosis in nearly all cancers, yet the occurrence of cancer spreading from LNs remains controversial. Additionally, the mechanisms explaining how cancers survive and exit LNs are largely unknown. Here, we show that breast cancer patients frequently have LN metastases that closely resemble distant metastases. In addition, using a microsurgical model, we show how LN metastasis development and dissemination is regulated by the expression of a chromatin modifier, histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11). Genetic and pharmacologic blockade of HDAC11 decreases LN tumor growth, yet substantially increases migration and distant metastasis formation. Collectively, we reveal a mechanism explaining how HDAC11 plasticity promotes breast cancer growth as well as dissemination from LNs and suggest caution with the use of HDAC inhibitors. The prognosis of cancer patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis is worse than those without. Here, the authors report that while histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) inhibition suppresses tumor growth within the LN, it also promotes cancer cell migration out of the LN to form distant metastasis, and therefore suggest caution with HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Leslie
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yvonne L Chao
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Subrata K Ghosh
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alessandro Porrello
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Amanda E D Van Swearingen
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Emily B Harrison
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brian C Cooley
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lisa A Carey
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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3
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Leslie PL, Franklin DA, Liu Y, Zhang Y. p53 Regulates the Expression of LRP1 and Apoptosis through a Stress Intensity-Dependent MicroRNA Feedback Loop. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1484-1495. [PMID: 30089260 PMCID: PMC6289054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how p53 activates certain gene programs and not others is critical. Here, we identify low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a transmembrane endocytic receptor, as a p53 target gene. We show that, although LRP1 transcript expression is upregulated in response to both sub-lethal and lethal doses of p53-activating stress, LRP1 protein is only upregulated in response to sub-lethal stress. Interestingly, lethal doses of p53-activating stress inhibit LRP1 de novo translation through an miRNA-based translational repression mechanism. We show that the p53-regulated miRNAs miR-103 and miR-107 are significantly upregulated by lethal doses of stress, resulting in suppression of LRP1 translation and cell death. Our results define a negative feedback loop involving the p53-regulated coding gene LRP1 and p53-regulated miRNA genes. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the selective expression of p53 target genes in response to different stress intensities to elicit either cell survival or cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Leslie
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
| | - Derek A Franklin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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4
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Porrello A, Leslie PL, Harrison EB, Gorentla BK, Kattula S, Ghosh SK, Azam SH, Holtzhausen A, Chao YL, Hayward MC, Waugh TA, Bae S, Godfrey V, Randell SH, Oderup C, Makowski L, Weiss J, Wilkerson MD, Hayes DN, Earp HS, Baldwin AS, Wolberg AS, Pecot CV. Factor XIIIA-expressing inflammatory monocytes promote lung squamous cancer through fibrin cross-linking. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1988. [PMID: 29777108 PMCID: PMC5959879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and lung squamous carcinomas (LUSC) represent about 30% of cases. Molecular aberrations in lung adenocarcinomas have allowed for effective targeted treatments, but corresponding therapeutic advances in LUSC have not materialized. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors in sub-populations of LUSC patients have led to exciting responses. Using computational analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified a subset of LUSC tumors characterized by dense infiltration of inflammatory monocytes (IMs) and poor survival. With novel, immunocompetent metastasis models, we demonstrated that tumor cell derived CCL2-mediated recruitment of IMs is necessary and sufficient for LUSC metastasis. Pharmacologic inhibition of IM recruitment had substantial anti-metastatic effects. Notably, we show that IMs highly express Factor XIIIA, which promotes fibrin cross-linking to create a scaffold for LUSC cell invasion and metastases. Consistently, human LUSC samples containing extensive cross-linked fibrin in the microenvironment correlated with poor survival. Lung squamous carcinomas (LUSC) are poorly molecularly characterized, but sub-populations show promising response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, the authors identify a subset of LUSC characterized by infiltration of inflammatory monocytes, where metastasis is linked to Factor XIIIA promoting fibrin cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Porrello
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Patrick L Leslie
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Emily B Harrison
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Balachandra K Gorentla
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sravya Kattula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Subrata K Ghosh
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Salma H Azam
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alisha Holtzhausen
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yvonne L Chao
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michele C Hayward
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Trent A Waugh
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sanggyu Bae
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Virginia Godfrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Cecilia Oderup
- Cancer Immunology, Pfizer, Inc, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jared Weiss
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - H Shelton Earp
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Abstract
Sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a major role in the development of many metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes. p32 is a multicompartmental protein involved in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and glucose oxidation. p32 ablation is associated with resistance to age-associated and diet-induced obesity through a mechanism that remains largely unknown. Here, we show that p32 promotes lipid biosynthesis by modulating fatty acid-induced ER stress. We found that p32 interacts with endoplasmic reticulum-anchored enzyme mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase I (GCS1), an ER lumen-anchored glucosidase that is essential for the processing of N-linked glycoproteins, and reduces GCS1 in a lysosome-dependent manner. We demonstrate that increased GCS1 expression alleviates fatty acid-induced ER stress and is critical for suppressing ER stress-associated lipogenic gene activation, as demonstrated by the down-regulation of Srebp1, Fasn, and Acc. Consistently, suppression of p32 leads to increased GCS1 expression and alleviates fatty acid-induced ER stress, resulting in reduced lipid accumulation. Thus, p32 and GCS1 are regulators of ER function and lipid homeostasis and are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.-Liu, Y., Leslie, P. L., Jin, A., Itahana, K., Graves, L. M., Zhang, Y. p32 regulates ER stress and lipid homeostasis by down-regulating GCS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Patrick L Leslie
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Aiwen Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Koji Itahana
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Leslie PL, Ghosh SK, Porrello A, Cooley BC, Pecot CV. Abstract P1-01-03: Preclinical evidence that distant metastases occur via the lymphatic route. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-01-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer that metastasizes beyond the lymph nodes is almost invariably terminal. Therefore, understanding how cancer metastasizes is a critical aspect to understanding and eventually preventing cancer spreading from tissue to tissue. A major question that remains controversial is whether cancer cells that metastasize to the LNs are able to physically leave the LNs to colonize distant tissues. Moreover, whether cancer cell metastasis between different tissues involves unique genes is a question that requires further research. Using the metastatic mouse breast carcinoma line 4T1 in an LN microinjection model, we provide evidence suggesting that cancer cells can indeed metastasize and colonize distant tissues after direct implantation into the LNs. Interestingly, direct comparison of distant tissue metastatic capability comparing LN-microinjected cells and tail vein-injected cells suggests that the lymphatic route of cancer cell spreading may be a more efficient mechanism of metastasis than the hematogenous route. Moreover, our comparative transcriptome analysis results suggest that LN metastases show unique gene expression profiles relative to the primary breast tumors and distant metastases. We identified several genes that are up- or down-regulated in an LN-specific manner and thus may play a role in metastasis to the LNs and beyond. Collectively, our results suggest that LN metastases constitute an active “staging site” from which breast cancer cells can further metastasize to distant sites. Furthermore, we identify a unique set of genes that may be involved in the breast cancer metastatic process, several of which are potentially targetable using currently available inhibitors.
Citation Format: Leslie PL, Ghosh SK, Porrello A, Cooley BC, Pecot CV. Preclinical evidence that distant metastases occur via the lymphatic route [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- PL Leslie
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - SK Ghosh
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A Porrello
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - BC Cooley
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - CV Pecot
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Liu Y, Leslie PL, Jin A, Itahana K, Graves LM, Zhang Y. p32 heterozygosity protects against age- and diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5754. [PMID: 28720899 PMCID: PMC5516014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in prevalence and has become a global public health problem. The main cause of obesity is a perturbation in energy homeostasis, whereby energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the deregulation of energy homeostasis, the precise mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we identify mitochondrial p32 (also known as C1QBP) as an important regulator of lipid homeostasis that regulates both aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism. We show that while whole-body deletion of the p32 results in an embryonic lethal phenotype, mice heterozygous for p32 are resistant to age- and high-fat diet-induced ailments, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatosteatosis. Notably, p32 +/- mice are apparently healthy, demonstrate an increased lean-to-fat ratio, and show dramatically improved insulin sensitivity despite prolonged high-fat diet feeding. The p32 +/- mice show increased oxygen consumption and heat production, indicating that they expend more energy. Our analysis revealed that haploinsufficiency for p32 impairs glucose oxidation, which results in a compensatory increase in fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. These metabolic alterations increase both aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure. Collectively, our data show that p32 plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and represents a potential novel target for the development of anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Patrick L Leslie
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Aiwen Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Koji Itahana
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA.,Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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8
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Franklin DA, He Y, Leslie PL, Tikunov AP, Fenger N, Macdonald JM, Zhang Y. p53 coordinates DNA repair with nucleotide synthesis by suppressing PFKFB3 expression and promoting the pentose phosphate pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38067. [PMID: 27901115 PMCID: PMC5128917 DOI: 10.1038/srep38067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of p53 in response to DNA damage is essential for tumor suppression. Although previous studies have emphasized the importance of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis for tumor suppression, recent studies have suggested that other areas of p53 regulation, such as metabolism and DNA damage repair (DDR), are also essential for p53-dependent tumor suppression. However, the intrinsic connections between p53-mediated DDR and metabolic regulation remain incompletely understood. Here, we present data suggesting that p53 promotes nucleotide biosynthesis in response to DNA damage by repressing the expression of the phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK2) isoform 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a rate-limiting enzyme that promotes glycolysis. PFKFB3 suppression increases the flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to increase nucleotide production, which results in more efficient DNA damage repair and increased cell survival. Interestingly, although p53-mediated suppression of PFKFB3 could increase the two major PPP products, NADPH and nucleotides, only nucleotide production was essential to promote DDR. By identifying the novel p53 target PFKFB3, we report an important mechanistic connection between p53-regulated metabolism and DDR, both of which play crucial roles in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Franklin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yizhou He
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Patrick L Leslie
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Andrey P Tikunov
- UNC Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Nick Fenger
- UNC Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Macdonald
- UNC Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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9
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Leslie PL, Ke H, Zhang Y. The MDM2 RING domain and central acidic domain play distinct roles in MDM2 protein homodimerization and MDM2-MDMX protein heterodimerization. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12941-50. [PMID: 25809483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncoprotein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an E3 ligase that plays a prominent role in p53 suppression by promoting its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In its active form, MDM2 forms homodimers as well as heterodimers with the homologous protein murine double minute 4 (MDMX), both of which are thought to occur through their respective C-terminal RING (really interesting new gene) domains. In this study, using multiple MDM2 mutants, we show evidence suggesting that MDM2 homo- and heterodimerization occur through distinct mechanisms because MDM2 RING domain mutations that inhibit MDM2 interaction with MDMX do not affect MDM2 interaction with WT MDM2. Intriguingly, deletion of a portion of the MDM2 central acidic domain selectively inhibits interaction with MDM2 while leaving intact the ability of MDM2 to interact with MDMX and to ubiquitinate p53. Further analysis of an MDM2 C-terminal deletion mutant reveals that the C-terminal residues of MDM2 are required for both MDM2 and MDMX interaction. Collectively, our results suggest a model in which MDM2-MDMX heterodimerization requires the extreme C terminus and proper RING domain structure of MDM2, whereas MDM2 homodimerization requires the extreme C terminus and the central acidic domain of MDM2, suggesting that MDM2 homo- and heterodimers utilize distinct MDM2 domains. Our study is the first to report mutations capable of separating MDM2 homo- and heterodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Leslie
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Yanping Zhang
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Department of Pharmacology, and the Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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