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Albrecht B, Ghate V, Mohrmann J, Wood R, Zuidema P, Bretherton C, Schwartz C, Eloranta E, Glienke S, Donaher S, Sarkar M, McGibbon J, Nugent A, Shaw RA, Fugal J, Minnis P, Paliknoda R, Lussier L, Jensen J, Vivekanandan J, Ellis S, Tsai P, Rilling R, Haggerty J, Campos T, Stell M, Reeves M, Beaton S, Allison J, Stossmeister G, Hall S, Schmidt S. Cloud System Evolution in the Trades-CSET: Following the Evolution of Boundary Layer Cloud Systems with the NSF/NCAR GV. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2019; 100:93-121. [PMID: 32042201 PMCID: PMC7008952 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-17-0180.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET) study was designed to describe and explain the evolution of the boundary layer aerosol, cloud, and thermodynamic structures along trajectories within the north-Pacific trade-winds. The study centered on 7 round-trips of the NSF NCAR Gulfstream V (GV) between Sacramento, CA and Kona, Hawaii between 1 July and 15 August 2015. The CSET observing strategy was to sample aerosol, cloud, and boundary layer properties upwind from the transition zone over the North Pacific and to resample these areas two days later. GFS forecast trajectories were used to plan the outbound flight to Hawaii with updated forecast trajectories setting the return flight plan two days later. Two key elements of the CSET observing system were the newly developed HIAPER Cloud Radar (HCR) and the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL). Together they provided unprecedented characterizations of aerosol, cloud and precipitation structures that were combined with in situ measurements of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and turbulence properties. The cloud systems sampled included solid stratocumulus infused with smoke from Canadian wildfires, mesoscale cloud-precipitation complexes, and patches of shallow cumuli in very clean environments. Ultra-clean layers observed frequently near the top of the boundary layer were often associated with shallow, optically thin, layered veil clouds. The extensive aerosol, cloud, drizzle and boundary layer sampling made over open areas of the Northeast Pacific along 2-day trajectories during CSET is unprecedented and will enable modeling studies of boundary layer cloud system evolution and the role of different processes in that evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Minnis
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Teresa Campos
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR
| | - Meghan Stell
- Earth Observing Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado
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2
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Wall CJ, Hartmann DL, Thieman MM, Smith WL, Minnis P. The lifecycle of anvil clouds and the top-of-atmosphere radiation balance over the tropical west Pacific. J Clim 2018; 31:10059-10080. [PMID: 33414575 PMCID: PMC7787112 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-18-0154.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Observations from a geostationary satellite are used to describe the lifecycle of mesoscale convective systems (MCS), their associated anvil clouds, and their effects on the radiation balance over the warm pool of the tropical west Pacific Ocean. In their developing stages, MCS primarily consist of clouds that are optically thick and have a negative net cloud radiative effect (CRE). As MCS age, ice crystals in the anvil become larger, the cloud top lowers somewhat, and clouds with neutral and positive net CRE become more common. Shading from anvils causes cool anomalies in the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) of up to -0.6 °C. MCS often occur in clusters that are embedded within large westward-propagating disturbances, so shading from anvils can cool SSTs over regions spanning hundreds of kilometers. Triggering of convection is more likely to follow a warm SST anomaly than a cold SST anomaly on timescales of several days. This information is used to test hypotheses on why, over the warm pool, the average shortwave and longwave CRE are individually large but nearly cancel. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the cancelation in CRE is caused by feedbacks between cloud albedo, large-scale circulation, and SST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Wall
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dennis L. Hartmann
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Patrick Minnis
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia
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3
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Skinner PS, Wheatley DM, Knopfmeier KH, Reinhart AE, Choate JJ, Jones TA, Creager GJ, Dowell DC, Alexander CR, Ladwig TT, Wicker LJ, Heinselman PL, Minnis P, Palikonda R. Object-based verification of a prototype Warn-on-Forecast system. Weather Forecast 2018; 33:1225-1250. [PMID: 33867655 PMCID: PMC8051145 DOI: 10.1175/waf-d-18-0020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An object-based verification methodology for the NSSL Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System for ensembles (NEWS-e) has been developed and applied to 32 cases between December 2015 and June 2017. NEWS-e forecast objects of composite reflectivity and 30-minute rotation tracks of updraft helicity are matched to corresponding objects in Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor data on space and time scales typical of a National Weather Service warning. Object matching allows contingency table-based verification statistics to be used to establish baseline performance metrics for NEWS-e thunderstorm and mesocyclone forecasts. NEWS-e critical Success Index (CSI) scores of reflectivity (updraft helicity) forecasts decrease from approximately 0.7 (0.4) to 0.4 (0.2) over 3 hours of forecast time. CSI scores decrease through the forecast period, indicating that errors have not saturated and skill is retained at 3 hours of forecast time. Lower verification scores for rotation track forecasts are primarily a result of a high frequency bias. Comparison of different system configurations used in 2016 and 2017 show an increase in skill for 2017 reflectivity forecasts, attributable mainly to improvements in the forecast initial condition. A small decrease in skill in 2017 rotation track forecasts is likely a result of sample differences between 2016 and 2017. Although large case-to-case variation is present, evidence is found that NEWS-e forecast skill improves with increasing object size and intensity, as well as in mesoscale environments in which an enhanced or higher risk of severe thunderstorms was forecast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Skinner
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma
| | | | - Kent H. Knopfmeier
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Anthony E. Reinhart
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Jessica J. Choate
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Thomas A. Jones
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Gerald J. Creager
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - David C. Dowell
- NOAA/OAR/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Therese T. Ladwig
- NOAA/OAR/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Louis J. Wicker
- NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma
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Sun-Mack S, Minnis P, Chen Y, Doelling DR, Scarino BR, Haney CO, Smith WL. Calibration Changes to Terra MODIS Collection-5 Radiances for CERES Edition 4 Cloud Retrievals. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 2018; 56:6016-6032. [PMID: 31920213 PMCID: PMC6951251 DOI: 10.1109/tgrs.2018.2829902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has revealed inconsistencies between the Collection 5 (C5) calibrations of certain channels common to the Terra and Aqua MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS). To achieve consistency between the Terra and Aqua MODIS radiances used in the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Edition 4 (Ed4) cloud property retrieval system, adjustments were developed and applied to the Terra C5 calibrations for channels 1-5, 7, 20, and 26. These calibration corrections were developed independently of those used for MODIS Collection 6 (C6) data, which became available after the CERES Ed4 processing had commenced. The comparisons demonstrate that the corrections applied to the Terra C5 data for CERES Edition 4 generally resulted in Terra-Aqua radiance consistency that is as good as or better than that of the C6 datasets. The C5 adjustments resulted in more consistent Aqua and Terra cloud property retrievals than seen in the previous CERES edition. Other calibration artifacts were found in one of the corrected channels and in some of the uncorrected thermal channels after Ed4 began. Where corrections were neither developed nor applied, some artifacts are likely to have been introduced into the Ed4 cloud property record. For example, the degradation in the Aqua MODIS 0.65-μm channel in both the C5 and C6 datasets affects trends in cloud optical depth retrievals. Thus, despite the much-improved consistency achieved for the Terra and Aqua datasets in Ed4, the CERES Ed4 cloud property datasets should be used cautiously for cloud trend studies because of those remaining calibration artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Sun-Mack
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666
| | - Patrick Minnis
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666
| | - Yan Chen
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666
| | - David R Doelling
- Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681
| | | | - Conor O Haney
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666
| | - William L Smith
- Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681
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5
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Yost CR, Bedka KM, Minnis P, Nguyen L, Strapp JW, Palikonda R, Khlopenkov K, Spangenberg D, Smith WL, Protat A, Delanoe J. A Prototype Method for Diagnosing High Ice Water Content Probability Using Satellite Imager Data. Atmos Meas Tech 2018; 11:1615-1637. [PMID: 31534555 PMCID: PMC6750020 DOI: 10.5194/amt-11-1615-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that flight through deep convective storms and ingestion of high mass concentrations of ice crystals, also known as high ice water content (HIWC), into aircraft engines can adversely impact aircraft engine performance. These aircraft engine icing events caused by HIWC have been documented during flight in weak reflectivity regions near convective updraft regions that do not appear threatening in onboard weather radar data. Three airborne field campaigns were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to better understand how HIWC is distributed in deep convection, both as a function of altitude and proximity to convective updraft regions, and to facilitate development of new methods for detecting HIWC conditions, in addition to many other research and regulatory goals. This paper describes a prototype method for detecting HIWC conditions using geostationary (GEO) satellite imager data coupled with in-situ total water content (TWC) observations collected during the flight campaigns. Three satellite-derived parameters were determined to be most useful for determining HIWC probability: 1) the horizontal proximity of the aircraft to the nearest overshooting convective updraft or textured anvil cloud, 2) tropopause-relative infrared brightness temperature, and 3) daytime-only cloud optical depth. Statistical fits between collocated TWC and GEO satellite parameters were used to determine the membership functions for the fuzzy logic derivation of HIWC probability. The products were demonstrated using data from several campaign flights and validated using a subset of the satellite-aircraft collocation database. The daytime HIWC probability was found to agree quite well with TWC time trends and identified extreme TWC events with high probability. Discrimination of HIWC was more challenging at night with IR-only information. The products show the greatest capability for discriminating TWC ≥ 0.5 g m-3. Product validation remains challenging due to vertical TWC uncertainties and the typically coarse spatio-temporal resolution of the GEO data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Yost
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA
| | - Kristopher M. Bedka
- NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | - Patrick Minnis
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA
| | - Louis Nguyen
- NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | | | - Rabindra Palikonda
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA
| | - Konstantin Khlopenkov
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA
| | - Douglas Spangenberg
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA
| | - William L. Smith
- NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | - Alain Protat
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julien Delanoe
- Laboratoire Atmosphere, Milieux, et Observations Spatiales, Guyancourt, France
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6
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Shea YL, Wielicki BA, Sun-Mack S, Minnis P. Quantifying the Dependence of Satellite Cloud Retrievals on Changes in Instrument Calibration. J Clim 2017; 30:6959-6976. [PMID: 31708606 PMCID: PMC6839694 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0429.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
How clouds will respond to Earth's warming climate is the greatest contributor to intermodel spread of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS). Although global climate models (GCMs) generally agree that the total cloud feedback is positive, GCMs disagree on the magnitude of cloud feedback. Satellite instruments with sufficient accuracy to detect climate change-scale trends in cloud properties will provide improved confidence in our understanding of the relationship between observed climate change and cloud property trends, thus providing essential information to the effort to better constrain ECS. However, a robust framework is needed to determine what constitutes sufficient or necessary accuracy for such an achievement. Our study presents and applies such an accuracy framework to quantify the impact of absolute calibration accuracy requirements on climate change-scale trend detection times for cloud amount, height, optical thickness, and effective radius. The accuracy framework used here was previously applied to SW cloud radiative effect and global mean surface temperature in a study that demonstrated the importance of high instrument accuracy to constrain trend detection times for essential climate variables (ECVs). This paper expands upon these previous studies by investigating cloud properties, demonstrating the versatility of applying this framework to other ECVs and the implications of the results within climate science studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda L. Shea
- Corresponding author address: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA, USA.
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7
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Zhang Z, Dong X, Xi B, Song H, Ma PL, Ghan SJ, Platnick S, Minnis P. Inter-comparisons of marine boundary layer cloud properties from the ARM CAP-MBL campaign and two MODIS cloud products. J Geophys Res Atmos 2017; Volume 122:2351-2365. [PMID: 31709131 PMCID: PMC6839774 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
From April 2009 to December 2010, the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program carried out an observational field campaign on Graciosa Island, targeting the marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds over the Azores region. In this paper, we present an inter-comparison of the MBL cloud properties, namely, cloud liquid water path (LWP), cloud optical thickness (COT) and cloud-droplet effective radius (CER), among retrievals from the ARM mobile facility (AMF) and two Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products (GSFC-MODIS and CERES-MODIS). A total of 63 daytime single-layer MBL cloud cases are selected for inter-comparison. Comparison of collocated retrievals indicates that the two MODIS cloud products agree well on both COT and CER retrievals, with the correlation coefficient R>0.95. despite their significant difference in spatial sampling. In both MODIS products, the CER retrievals based on the 2.1 µm band (CER2.1) is significantly smaller than that based on the 3.7 µm band (CER3.7). The GSFC-MODIS cloud product is collocated and compared with ground-based ARM observations at several temporal-spatial scales. In general, the correlation increases with more precise collocation. For the 63 selected MBL cloud cases, the GSFC-MODIS LWP and COT retrievals agree reasonably well with the ground-based observations with no apparent bias and correlation coefficient R around 0.85 and 0.70, respectively. However, GSFC-MODIS CER3.7 and CER2.1 retrievals have a lower correlation (R~0.5) with the ground-based retrievals. For the 63 selected cases, they are on average larger than ground observations by about 1.5 µm and 3.0 µm, respectively. Taking into account that the MODIS CER retrievals are only sensitive to cloud top reduces the bias only by 0.5 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhang
- Physics Department, UMBC, Baltimore, MD
- Joint Center Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), UMBC, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiquan Dong
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Baike Xi
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Hua Song
- Joint Center Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), UMBC, Baltimore, MD
| | - Po-Lun Ma
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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8
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Scullion T, Gorman P, Gibson E, Kelly R, Murtagh E, Minnis P. ANTIFIBROTIC THERAPY IN IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Ulster Med J 2017; 86:73. [PMID: 28298722 PMCID: PMC5324193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- P Minnis
- From the Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Henry
- From the Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M P Keane
- From the Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Minnis P, Kane R, Lumsden R, Whitty S, Donnelly SC, Keane MP. S120 Serum MicroRNA profiles in IPF patients – biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets? Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Minnis P, Poland M, Nolan G, Donnelly SC. P35 Identifying Novel Predictors of Outcome in Sarcoidosis. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Minnis P, O’Meara R, Kane H, Zaffaroni A, O’Dea F, Britton J, Caulfield B, Donnelly SC. P50 Predicting readmission following exacerbation of COPD using a non-contact sensor – A Proof of Concept Study. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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14
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Creamean JM, Suski KJ, Rosenfeld D, Cazorla A, DeMott PJ, Sullivan RC, White AB, Ralph FM, Minnis P, Comstock JM, Tomlinson JM, Prather KA. Dust and biological aerosols from the Sahara and Asia influence precipitation in the western U.S. Science 2013; 339:1572-8. [PMID: 23449996 DOI: 10.1126/science.1227279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Winter storms in California's Sierra Nevada increase seasonal snowpack and provide critical water resources and hydropower for the state. Thus, the mechanisms influencing precipitation in this region have been the subject of research for decades. Previous studies suggest Asian dust enhances cloud ice and precipitation, whereas few studies consider biological aerosols as an important global source of ice nuclei (IN). Here, we show that dust and biological aerosols transported from as far as the Sahara were present in glaciated high-altitude clouds coincident with elevated IN concentrations and ice-induced precipitation. This study presents the first direct cloud and precipitation measurements showing that Saharan and Asian dust and biological aerosols probably serve as IN and play an important role in orographic precipitation processes over the western United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Creamean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Vernier JP, Thomason LW, Fairlie TD, Minnis P, Palikonda R, Bedka KM. Comment on "Large Volcanic Aerosol Load in the Stratosphere Linked to Asian Monsoon Transport". Science 2013; 339:647. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1227817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-P. Vernier
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA
| | | | - T. D. Fairlie
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - P. Minnis
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - R. Palikonda
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA
| | - K. M. Bedka
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA
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16
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Neeson D, Minnis P. 53 Miss rate of lung cancer on the chest radiograph in the Belfast Trust 2011. Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Feng Z, Dong X, Xi B, McFarlane SA, Kennedy A, Lin B, Minnis P. Life cycle of midlatitude deep convective systems in a Lagrangian framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Painemal D, Minnis P, Ayers JK, O'Neill L. GOES-10 microphysical retrievals in marine warm clouds: Multi-instrument validation and daytime cycle over the southeast Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Iwabuchi H, Yang P, Liou KN, Minnis P. Physical and optical properties of persistent contrails: Climatology and interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Fridlind AM, Ackerman AS, Chaboureau JP, Fan J, Grabowski WW, Hill AA, Jones TR, Khaiyer MM, Liu G, Minnis P, Morrison H, Nguyen L, Park S, Petch JC, Pinty JP, Schumacher C, Shipway BJ, Varble AC, Wu X, Xie S, Zhang M. A comparison of TWP-ICE observational data with cloud-resolving model results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Renault L, Dewitte B, Marchesiello P, Illig S, Echevin V, Cambon G, Ramos M, Astudillo O, Minnis P, Ayers JK. Upwelling response to atmospheric coastal jets off central Chile: A modeling study of the October 2000 event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Feng Z, Dong X, Xi B, Schumacher C, Minnis P, Khaiyer M. Top-of-atmosphere radiation budget of convective core/stratiform rain and anvil clouds from deep convective systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Kato S, Rose FG, Sun-Mack S, Miller WF, Chen Y, Rutan DA, Stephens GL, Loeb NG, Minnis P, Wielicki BA, Winker DM, Charlock TP, Stackhouse PW, Xu KM, Collins WD. Improvements of top-of-atmosphere and surface irradiance computations with CALIPSO-, CloudSat-, and MODIS-derived cloud and aerosol properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heymsfield AJ, Thompson G, Morrison H, Bansemer A, Rasmussen RM, Minnis P, Wang Z, Zhang D. Formation and Spread of Aircraft-Induced Holes in Clouds. Science 2011; 333:77-81. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1202851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Thompson
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Hugh Morrison
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Aaron Bansemer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Roy M. Rasmussen
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | | | - Zhien Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Damao Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Wang W, Huang J, Minnis P, Hu Y, Li J, Huang Z, Ayers JK, Wang T. Dusty cloud properties and radiative forcing over dust source and downwind regions derived from A-Train data during the Pacific Dust Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Kato S, Sun-Mack S, Miller WF, Rose FG, Chen Y, Minnis P, Wielicki BA. Relationships among cloud occurrence frequency, overlap, and effective thickness derived from CALIPSO and CloudSat merged cloud vertical profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Chang FL, Minnis P, Ayers JK, McGill MJ, Palikonda R, Spangenberg DA, Smith WL, Yost CR. Evaluation of satellite-based upper troposphere cloud top height retrievals in multilayer cloud conditions during TC4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Toon OB, Starr DO, Jensen EJ, Newman PA, Platnick S, Schoeberl MR, Wennberg PO, Wofsy SC, Kurylo MJ, Maring H, Jucks KW, Craig MS, Vasques MF, Pfister L, Rosenlof KH, Selkirk HB, Colarco PR, Kawa SR, Mace GG, Minnis P, Pickering KE. Planning, implementation, and first results of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Radiative flux anomalies derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spaceborne Earth Radiation Budget Experiment were used to determine the volcanic radiative forcing that followed the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991. They are the first unambiguous, direct measurements of large-scale volcanic forcing. The volcanic aerosols caused a strong cooling effect immediately; the amount of cooling increased through September 1991 as shortwave forcing increased relative to the longwave forcing. The primary effects of the aerosols were a direct increase in albedo over mostly clear areas and both direct and indirect increases in the albedo of cloudy areas.
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Xi B, Dong X, Minnis P, Khaiyer MM. A 10 year climatology of cloud fraction and vertical distribution derived from both surface and GOES observations over the DOE ARM SPG site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Chang FL, Minnis P, Lin B, Khaiyer MM, Palikonda R, Spangenberg DA. A modified method for inferring upper troposphere cloud top height using the GOES 12 imager 10.7 and 13.3μm data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Chepfer H, Bony S, Winker D, Cesana G, Dufresne JL, Minnis P, Stubenrauch CJ, Zeng S. The GCM-Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product (CALIPSO-GOCCP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Waliser DE, Li JLF, Woods CP, Austin RT, Bacmeister J, Chern J, Del Genio A, Jiang JH, Kuang Z, Meng H, Minnis P, Platnick S, Rossow WB, Stephens GL, Sun-Mack S, Tao WK, Tompkins AM, Vane DG, Walker C, Wu D. Cloud ice: A climate model challenge with signs and expectations of progress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Huang J, Minnis P, Chen B, Huang Z, Liu Z, Zhao Q, Yi Y, Ayers JK. Long-range transport and vertical structure of Asian dust from CALIPSO and surface measurements during PACDEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Lin B, Stackhouse PW, Minnis P, Wielicki BA, Hu Y, Sun W, Fan TF, Hinkelman LM. Assessment of global annual atmospheric energy balance from satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Dong X, Wielicki BA, Xi B, Hu Y, Mace GG, Benson S, Rose F, Kato S, Charlock T, Minnis P. Using observations of deep convective systems to constrain atmospheric column absorption of solar radiation in the optically thick limit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Cho HM, Yang P, Kattawar GW, Nasiri SL, Hu Y, Minnis P, Trepte C, Winker D. Depolarization ratio and attenuated backscatter for nine cloud types: analyses based on collocated CALIPSO lidar and MODIS measurements. Opt Express 2008; 16:3931-3948. [PMID: 18542490 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.003931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the relationship between lidar backscatter and the corresponding depolarization ratio for nine types of cloud systems. The data used in this study are the lidar returns measured by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the Cloud- Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite and the collocated cloud products derived from the observations made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard Aqua satellite. Specifically, the operational MODIS cloud optical thickness and cloud-top pressure products are used to classify cloud types on the basis of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud classification scheme. While the CALIPSO observations provide information for up to 10 cloud layers, in the present study only the uppermost clouds are considered. The layer-averaged attenuated backscatter (gamma') and layer-averaged depolarization ratio (delta) from the CALIPSO measurements show both water- and ice-phase features for global cirrus, cirrostratus, and deep convective cloud classes. Furthermore, we screen both the MODIS and CALIPSO data to eliminate cases in which CALIPSO detected two- or multi-layered clouds. It is shown that low gamma' values corresponding to uppermost thin clouds are largely eliminated in the CALIPSO delta-gamma' relationship for single-layered clouds. For mid-latitude and polar regions corresponding, respectively, to latitude belts 30 degrees -60 degrees and 60 degrees -90 degrees in both the hemispheres, a mixture of water and ice is also observed in the case of the altostratus class. MODIS cloud phase flags are also used to screen ice clouds. The resultant water clouds flagged by the MODIS algorithm show only water phase feature in the delta-gamma' relation observed by CALIOP; however, in the case of the ice clouds flagged by the MODIS algorithm, the co-existence of ice- and water-phase clouds is still observed in the CALIPSO delta-gamma' relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun-Myoung Cho
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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38
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Dong X, Minnis P, Xi B, Sun-Mack S, Chen Y. Comparison of CERES-MODIS stratus cloud properties with ground-based measurements at the DOE ARM Southern Great Plains site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Minnis P, Huang J, Lin B, Yi Y, Arduini RF, Fan TF, Ayers JK, Mace GG. Ice cloud properties in ice-over-water cloud systems using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) visible and infrared scanner and TRMM Microwave Imager data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Chepfer H, Minnis P, Dubuisson P, Chiriaco M, Sun-Mack S, Rivière ED. Nitric acid particles in cold thick ice clouds observed at global scale: Link with lightning, temperature, and upper tropospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Mace GG, Benson S, Sonntag KL, Kato S, Min Q, Minnis P, Twohy CH, Poellot M, Dong X, Long C, Zhang Q, Doelling DR. Cloud radiative forcing at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility: 1. Technique, validation, and comparison to satellite-derived diagnostic quantities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Abstract
NASA global satellite data provide observations of Earth's albedo, i.e., the fraction of incident solar radiation that is reflected back to space. The satellite data show that the last four years are within natural variability and fail to confirm the 6% relative increase in albedo inferred from observations of earthshine from the moon. Longer global satellite records will be required to discern climate trends in Earth's albedo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Wielicki
- NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.
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Zhao TXP, Laszlo I, Minnis P, Remer L. Comparison and analysis of two aerosol retrievals over the ocean in the Terra/Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System–Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer single scanner footprint data: 1. Global evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Minnis P, Yi Y, Huang J, Ayers K. Relationships between radiosonde and RUC-2 meteorological conditions and cloud occurrence determined from ARM data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Minnis P. Azimuthal anisotropy of longwave and infrared window radiances from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Terra satellites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Loeb NG, Manalo-Smith N, Kato S, Miller WF, Gupta SK, Minnis P, Wielicki BA. Angular Distribution Models for Top-of-Atmosphere Radiative Flux Estimation from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite. Part I: Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0240:admfto>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Pope SK, Valero FPJ, Collins WD, Minnis P. Comparison of ScaRaB, GOES 8, aircraft, and surface observations of the absorption of solar radiation by clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly K. Pope
- Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla California USA
| | - Francisco P. J. Valero
- Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla California USA
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48
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Dong X, Mace GG, Minnis P, Young DF. Arctic stratus cloud properties and their effect on the surface radiation budget: Selected cases from FIRE ACE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Doelling DR, Minnis P, Spangenberg DA, Chakrapani V, Mahesh A, Pope SK, Valero FPJ. Cloud radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere during FIRE ACE derived from AVHRR data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Minnis P, Chakrapani V, Doelling DR, Nguyen L, Palikonda R, Spangenberg DA, Uttal T, Arduini RF, Shupe M. Cloud coverage and height during FIRE ACE derived from AVHRR data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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