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Weyrauch K, Duverna R, Sisco PN, Domesle A, Bilanovic I. A Survey of the Levels of Selected Metals in U.S. Meat, Poultry, and Siluriformes Fish Samples Taken at Slaughter and Retail, 2017-2022. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100243. [PMID: 38360407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) conducts surveillance of metallic elements in U.S. meat, poultry, and Siluriformes fish samples collected immediately postmortem as part of its National Residue Program (NRP). From 2017 to 2022, 13,966 samples were analyzed under the NRP. The Federal Emergency Response Network (FERN) Cooperative Agreement Program (CAP) tests meat, poultry, and Siluriformes fish products collected at retail in the United States for metals. From 2018 to 2022, 2,902 samples were analyzed by FERN CAP laboratories. Meat and poultry samples collected by FSIS show that most metals were not detected at all or were detected infrequently. Meat is a rich source of iron and zinc, and iron was detected in 22% (1,255/5,623) and zinc was detected in 48% (2,742/5,676) of meat and poultry samples, respectively. The percentage of samples testing positive for manganese, molybdenum, lead, and cadmium were higher in the FERN CAP retail samples than in FSIS samples. Expected human exposure from average levels of lead and cadmium found in meat and poultry was compared to toxicological reference values and was not found to exceed these values. Detections of arsenic and mercury were found more often in Siluriformes fish samples (2017-2022) than in terrestrial animals. Trace amounts of arsenic and mercury were detected in 8% and 4% of Siluriformes samples, respectively, but were not detected at levels that raise concern. On the whole, both the FSIS and FERN CAP datasets provide reassuring evidence of the safety of the FSIS-regulated food supply with regard to the studied elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Weyrauch
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA.
| | - Randolph Duverna
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA
| | - Patrick N Sisco
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Alexander Domesle
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA
| | - Iva Bilanovic
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA
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Mudalige TK, Qu H, Sánchez-Pomales G, Sisco PN, Linder SW. Simple Functionalization Strategies for Enhancing Nanoparticle Separation and Recovery with Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1764-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503683n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thilak K. Mudalige
- Office
of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas
Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Haiou Qu
- Office
of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas
Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Germarie Sánchez-Pomales
- Office
of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas
Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Patrick N. Sisco
- Office
of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas
Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Sean W. Linder
- Office
of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas
Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
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3
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Sisco PN, Wilson CG, Chernak D, Clark JC, Grzincic EM, Ako-Asare K, Goldsmith EC, Murphy CJ. Adsorption of cellular proteins to polyelectrolyte-functionalized gold nanorods: a mechanism for nanoparticle regulation of cell phenotype? PLoS One 2014; 9:e86670. [PMID: 24516536 PMCID: PMC3916299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell behavior in the presence of nanomaterials is typically explored through simple viability assays, but there is mounting evidence that nanomaterials can have more subtle effects on a variety of cellular functions. Previously our lab demonstrated that gold nanorods functionalized with polyelectrolyte multi-layers inhibited rat cardiac fibroblast-mediated remodeling of type I collagen scaffolds by altering fibroblast phenotype and the mechanical properties of the collagen network. In this work, we examine a possible mechanism for these effects: adsorption of cellular proteins by the nanorods. Mass spectrometric and gel electrophoresis of media collected from cultured cells suggests that a number of proteins, some of which mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, adsorb onto the surface of these nanoparticles in vitro. Polyethylene glycol coating of the nanorods largely mitigates protein adsorption and fibroblast-mediated collagen remodeling. These results suggest that adsorption of proteins by nanorods could have a significant effect on cell functions, including fibroblast-mediated matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N. Sisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Davin Chernak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Clark
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elissa M. Grzincic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kayla Ako-Asare
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edie C. Goldsmith
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ECG); (CJM)
| | - Catherine J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ECG); (CJM)
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Burns JM, Pennington PL, Sisco PN, Frey R, Kashiwada S, Fulton MH, Scott GI, Decho AW, Murphy CJ, Shaw TJ, Ferry JL. Surface charge controls the fate of Au nanorods in saline estuaries. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:12844-12851. [PMID: 24144224 DOI: 10.1021/es402880u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the distribution of negatively charged, gold core nanoparticles in a model marine estuary as a function of time. A single dose of purified polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)-coated gold nanorods was added to a series of three replicate estuarine mesocosms to emulate an abrupt nanoparticle release event to a tidal creek of a Spartina -dominated estuary. The mesocosms contained several phases that were monitored: seawater, natural sediments, mature cordgrass, juvenile northern quahog clam, mud snails, and grass shrimp. Aqueous nanorod concentrations rose rapidly upon initial dosing and then fell to stable levels over the course of approximately 50 h, after which they remained stable for the remainder of the experiment (41 days total). The concentration of nanorods rose in all other phases during the initial phase of the experiment; however, some organisms demonstrated depuration over extended periods of time (100+ h) before removal from the dosed tanks. Clams and biofilm samples were also removed from the contaminated tanks post-exposure to monitor their depuration in pristine seawater. The highest net uptake of gold (mass normalized) occurred in the biofilm phase during the first 24 h, after which it was stable (to the 95% level of confidence) throughout the remainder of the exposure experiment. The results are compared against a previous study of positively charged nanoparticles of the same size to parameterize the role of surface charge in determining nanoparticle fate in complex aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina M Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Abstract
We report the direct visualization of interactions between drug-loaded nanoparticles and the cancer cell nucleus. Nanoconstructs composed of nucleolin-specific aptamers and gold nanostars were actively transported to the nucleus and induced major changes to the nuclear phenotype via nuclear envelope invaginations near the site of the construct. The number of local deformations could be increased by ultrafast, light-triggered release of the aptamers from the surface of the gold nanostars. Cancer cells with more nuclear envelope folding showed increased caspase 3 and 7 activity (apoptosis) as well as decreased cell viability. This newly revealed correlation between drug-induced changes in nuclear phenotype and increased therapeutic efficacy could provide new insight for nuclear-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea, 400-746
| | - Patrick N. Sisco
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Dick T. Co
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | | | - Teri W. Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
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Alkilany AM, Thompson LB, Boulos SP, Sisco PN, Murphy CJ. Gold nanorods: their potential for photothermal therapeutics and drug delivery, tempered by the complexity of their biological interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:190-9. [PMID: 21397647 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have promising applications in the fields of drug delivery and photothermal therapy. These promises arise from the nanorods' unique optical and photothermal properties, the availability of synthetic protocols that can tune the size and shape of the particles, the ability to modify the surface and conjugate drugs/molecules to the nanorods, and the relative biocompatibility of gold nanorods. In this review, current progress in using gold nanorods as phototherapeutic agents and as drug delivery vehicles is summarized. Issues of dosage, toxicity and biological interactions at three levels (biological media alone; cells; whole organisms) are discussed, concluding with recommendations for future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaldin M Alkilany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Wilson CG, Sisco PN, Gadala-Maria FA, Murphy CJ, Goldsmith EC. Polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorods and their interactions with type I collagen. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5639-48. [PMID: 19646751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have unique optical properties for numerous biomedical applications, but the interactions between AuNRs and proteins, particularly those of the extracellular matrix (ECM), are poorly understood. Here the effects of AuNRs on the self-assembly, mechanics, and remodeling of type I collagen gels were examined in vitro. AuNRs were modified with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) to minimize cytotoxicity, and AuNRs with different terminal polymer chemistries were examined for their interactions with collagen by turbidity assays, rheological tests, and microscopy. Gel contraction assays were used to examine the effects of the PEM-coated AuNRs on cell-mediated collagen remodeling. Polyanion-terminated AuNRs significantly reduced the lag (nucleation) phase of collagen self-assembly and significantly increased the dynamic shear modulus of the polymerized gels, whereas polycation-terminated AuNRs had no effect on the mechanical properties of the collagen. Both polyanion- and polycation-terminated AuNRs significantly inhibited collagen gel contraction by cardiac fibroblasts, and the nanoparticles were localized in intra-, peri-, and extracellular compartments, suggesting that PEM-coated AuNRs influence cell behavior via multiple mechanisms. These results demonstrate the significance of nanoparticle-ECM interactions in determining the bioactivity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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9
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Sisco PN, Murphy CJ. Surface-Coverage Dependence of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Gold Nanocubes on Self-Assembled Monolayers of Analyte. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3973-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810329j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N. Sisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Catherine J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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Wilson CG, Sisco PN, Goldsmith EC, Murphy CJ. Glycosaminoglycan-functionalized gold nanorods: interactions with cardiac cells and type I collagen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Murphy CJ, Gole AM, Stone JW, Sisco PN, Alkilany AM, Goldsmith EC, Baxter SC. Gold nanoparticles in biology: beyond toxicity to cellular imaging. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1721-30. [PMID: 18712884 DOI: 10.1021/ar800035u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1134] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold, enigmatically represented by the target-like design of its ancient alchemical symbol, has been considered a mystical material of great value for centuries. Nanoscale particles of gold now command a great deal of attention for biomedical applications. Depending on their size, shape, degree of aggregation, and local environment, gold nanoparticles can appear red, blue, or other colors. These visible colors reflect the underlying coherent oscillations of conduction-band electrons ("plasmons") upon irradiation with light of appropriate wavelengths. These plasmons underlie the intense absorption and elastic scattering of light, which in turn forms the basis for many biological sensing and imaging applications of gold nanoparticles. The brilliant elastic light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles are sufficient to detect individual nanoparticles in a visible light microscope with approximately 10(2) nm spatial resolution. Despite the great excitement about the potential uses of gold nanoparticles for medical diagnostics, as tracers, and for other biological applications, researchers are increasingly aware that potential nanoparticle toxicity must be investigated before any in vivo applications of gold nanoparticles can move forward. In this Account, we illustrate the importance of surface chemistry and cell type for interpretation of nanoparticle cytotoxicity studies. We also describe a relatively unusual live cell application with gold nanorods. The light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles, as imaged in dark-field optical microscopy, can be used to infer their positions in a living cell construct. Using this positional information, we can quantitatively measure the deformational mechanical fields associated with living cells as they push and pull on their local environment. The local mechanical environment experienced by cells is part of a complex feedback loop that influences cell metabolism, gene expression, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Anand M. Gole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - John W. Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Patrick N. Sisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Alaaldin M. Alkilany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Edie C. Goldsmith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Sarah C. Baxter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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Sisco PN, Wilson CG, Mironova E, Baxter SC, Murphy CJ, Goldsmith EC. The effect of gold nanorods on cell-mediated collagen remodeling. Nano Lett 2008; 8:3409-12. [PMID: 18729419 PMCID: PMC2651024 DOI: 10.1021/nl802142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts, the noncontractile cells of the heart, contribute to myocardial maintenance through the deposition, degradation, and organization of collagen. Adding polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorods to three-dimensional constructs composed of collagen and cardiac fibroblasts reduced contraction and altered the expression of mRNAs encoding beta-actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type I. These data show that nanomaterials can modulate cell-mediated matrix remodeling and suggest that the targeted delivery of nanomaterials can be applied for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Sisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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Murphy CJ, Gole AM, Hunyadi SE, Stone JW, Sisco PN, Alkilany A, Kinard BE, Hankins P. Chemical sensing and imaging with metallic nanorods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:544-57. [PMID: 18209787 DOI: 10.1039/b711069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we examine recent advances in chemical analyte detection and optical imaging applications using gold and silver nanoparticles, with a primary focus on our own work. Noble metal nanoparticles have exciting physical and chemical properties that are entirely different from the bulk. For chemical sensing and imaging, the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles provide a wide range of opportunities, all of which ultimately arise from the collective oscillations of conduction band electrons ("plasmons") in response to external electromagnetic radiation. Nanorods have multiple plasmon bands compared to nanospheres. We identify four optical sensing and imaging modalities for metallic nanoparticles: (1) aggregation-dependent shifts in plasmon frequency; (2) local refractive index-dependent shifts in plasmon frequency; (3) inelastic (surface-enhanced Raman) light scattering; and (4) elastic (Rayleigh) light scattering. The surface chemistry of the nanoparticles must be tunable to create chemical specificity, and is a key requirement for successful sensing and imaging platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the W. M. Keck Laboratory for Bionanoparticle Technology Discovery and Development, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Abstract
In biological tissue, complex mechanisms of cellular response are closely linked to the mechanical environment that cells experience. The key to understanding these mechanisms may lie in measurement of local mechanical fields near living cells and between cells. We have developed a novel optical measurement technique which combines the light elastically scattered from gold nanorods with digital image analysis to track local deformations that occur in vitro between cells, in real time, under darkfield optical microscopy. We find that measurable tension and compression exist in the intercellular matrix at the length scale of micrometers, as the cells assess, adapt, and rearrange their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Patrick N. Sisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Edie C. Goldsmith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, South Carolina 29208
| | - Sarah C. Baxter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, South Carolina 29208
| | - Catherine J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
- to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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