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Soares MV, Azevedo RI, Ferreira IA, Bucar S, Ribeiro AC, Vieira A, Pereira PNG, Ribeiro RM, Ligeiro D, Alho AC, Soares AS, Camacho N, Martins C, Lourenço F, Moreno R, Ritz J, Lacerda JF. Naive and Stem Cell Memory T Cell Subset Recovery Reveals Opposing Reconstitution Patterns in CD4 and CD8 T Cells in Chronic Graft vs. Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:334. [PMID: 30894856 PMCID: PMC6414429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of hematological malignancies remains hampered by life-threatening chronic graft vs. host disease (cGVHD). Although multifactorial in nature, cGVHD has been associated with imbalances between effector and regulatory T cells (Treg). To further elucidate this issue, we performed a prospective analysis of patients undergoing unrelated donor allo-HSCT after a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen containing anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and the same GVHD prophylaxis, at a single institution. We studied T cell subset homeostasis over a 24-month follow-up after HSCT in a comparative analysis of patients with and without cGVHD. We also quantified naive and memory T cell subsets, proliferation and expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and CD95. Finally, we assessed thymic function by T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) quantification and T cell receptor (TCR) diversity by TCRVβ spectratyping. While the total number of conventional CD4 (Tcon) and CD8 T cells was similar between patient groups, Treg were decreased in cGVHD patients. Interestingly, we also observed divergent patterns of Naive and Stem Cell Memory (SCM) subset recovery in Treg and Tcon compared to CD8. Patients with cGVHD showed impaired recovery of Naive and SCM Tcon and Treg, but significantly increased frequencies and absolute numbers of Naive and SCM were observed in the CD8 pool. Markedly increased EMRA CD8 T cells were also noted in cGVHD. Taken together, these results suggest that Naive, SCM and EMRA CD8 play a role in the emergence of cGHVD. Reduced Naive and recent thymic emigrant Tcon and Treg in cGVHD was likely due to impaired thymic output, as it was accompanied by decreased CD4 TREC and TCR diversity. On the other hand, CD8 TCR diversity was similar between patient groups. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between CD8 TREC content and Naive CD8 numbers, suggesting limited thymic production of Naive CD8 T cells in patients after transplant, especially in those developing cGVHD. The mechanisms behind the opposing patterns of CD4 and CD8 subset cell recovery in cGVHD remain elusive, but may be linked to thymic damage associated with the conditioning regimen and/or acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Soares
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita I Azevedo
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês A Ferreira
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Bucar
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C Ribeiro
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Vieira
- Unidade de Citometria de Fluxo, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo N G Pereira
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruy M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biomatemática, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dario Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, IP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C Alho
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António S Soares
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Camacho
- Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins
- Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Lourenço
- Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raul Moreno
- Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - João F Lacerda
- JLacerda Lab, Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bonet F, Pereira PNG, Bover O, Marques S, Inácio JM, Belo JA. CCBE1 is required for coronary vessel development and proper coronary artery stem formation in the mouse heart. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1135-1145. [PMID: 30204931 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper coronary vasculature development is essential for late-embryonic and adult heart function. The developmental regulation of coronary embryogenesis is complex and includes the coordinated activity of multiple signaling pathways. CCBE1 plays an important role during lymphangiogenesis, enhancing VEGF-C signaling, which is also required for coronary vasculature formation. However, whether CCBE1 plays a similar role during coronary vasculature development is still unknown. Here, we investigate the coronary vasculature development in Ccbe1 mutant embryos. RESULTS We show that Ccbe1 is expressed in the epicardium, like Vegf-c, and also in the sinus venosus (SV) at the stages of its contribution to coronary vasculature formation. We also report that absence of CCBE1 in cardiac tissue inhibited coronary growth that sprouts from the SV endocardium at the dorsal cardiac wall. This disruption of coronary formation correlates with abnormal processing of VEGF-C propeptides, suggesting VEGF-C-dependent signaling alteration. Moreover, Ccbe1 loss-of-function leads to the development of defective dorsal and ventral intramyocardial vessels. We also demonstrate that Ccbe1 mutants display delayed and mispatterned coronary artery (CA) stem formation. CONCLUSIONS CCBE1 is essential for coronary vessel formation, independent of their embryonic origin, and is also necessary for peritruncal vessel growth and proper CA stem patterning. Developmental Dynamics 247:1135-1145, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bonet
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo N G Pereira
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Oriol Bover
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Marques
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Inácio
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A Belo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Bover O, Justo T, Pereira PNG, Facucho-Oliveira J, Inácio JM, Ramalho JS, Domian IJ, Belo JA. Loss of Ccbe1 affects cardiac-specification and cardiomyocyte differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205108. [PMID: 30281646 PMCID: PMC6169972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways regulating cardiogenesis is crucial for the early diagnosis of heart diseases and improvement of cardiovascular disease. During normal mammalian cardiac development, collagen and calcium-binding EGF domain-1 (Ccbe1) is expressed in the first and second heart field progenitors as well as in the proepicardium, but its role in early cardiac commitment remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that during mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation Ccbe1 is upregulated upon emergence of Isl1- and Nkx2.5- positive cardiac progenitors. Ccbe1 is markedly enriched in Isl1-positive cardiac progenitors isolated from ESCs differentiating in vitro or embryonic hearts developing in vivo. Disruption of Ccbe1 activity by shRNA knockdown or blockade with a neutralizing antibody results in impaired differentiation of embryonic stem cells along the cardiac mesoderm lineage resulting in a decreased expression of mature cardiomyocyte markers. In addition, knockdown of Ccbe1 leads to smaller embryoid bodies. Collectively, our results show that CCBE1 is essential for the commitment of cardiac mesoderm and consequently, for the formation of cardiac myocytes in differentiating mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Bover
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Justo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo N. G. Pereira
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Facucho-Oliveira
- Center for Biomedical Research, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - José M. Inácio
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José S. Ramalho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ibrahim J. Domian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - José António Belo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Dobreva MP, Escalona VA, Lawson KA, Sanchez MN, Ponomarev LC, Pereira PNG, Stryjewska A, Criem N, Huylebroeck D, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Aerts S, Zwijsen A. Correction: Amniotic ectoderm expansion in mouse occurs via distinct modes and requires SMAD5-mediated signalling (doi: 10.1242/dev.157222). Development 2018; 145:145/15/dev169722. [PMID: 30072497 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dobreva MP, Abon Escalona V, Lawson KA, Sanchez MN, Ponomarev LC, Pereira PNG, Stryjewska A, Criem N, Huylebroeck D, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Aerts S, Zwijsen A. Amniotic ectoderm expansion in mouse occurs via distinct modes and requires SMAD5-mediated signalling. Development 2018; 145:dev.157222. [PMID: 29884675 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Upon gastrulation, the mammalian conceptus transforms rapidly from a simple bilayer into a multilayered embryo enveloped by its extra-embryonic membranes. Impaired development of the amnion, the innermost membrane, causes major malformations. To clarify the origin of the mouse amnion, we used single-cell labelling and clonal analysis. We identified four clone types with distinct clonal growth patterns in amniotic ectoderm. Two main types have progenitors in extreme proximal-anterior epiblast. Early descendants initiate and expand amniotic ectoderm posteriorly, while descendants of cells remaining anteriorly later expand amniotic ectoderm from its anterior side. Amniogenesis is abnormal in embryos deficient in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling effector SMAD5, with delayed closure of the proamniotic canal, and aberrant amnion and folding morphogenesis. Transcriptomics of individual Smad5 mutant amnions isolated before visible malformations and tetraploid chimera analysis revealed two amnion defect sets. We attribute them to impairment of progenitors of the two main cell populations in amniotic ectoderm and to compromised cuboidal-to-squamous transition of anterior amniotic ectoderm. In both cases, SMAD5 is crucial for expanding amniotic ectoderm rapidly into a stretchable squamous sheet to accommodate exocoelom expansion, axial growth and folding morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya P Dobreva
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium .,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vanesa Abon Escalona
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kirstie A Lawson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Ljuba C Ponomarev
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paulo N G Pereira
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Agata Stryjewska
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nathan Criem
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Stein Aerts
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium .,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Pereira PNG, Dobreva MP, Maas E, Cornelis FM, Moya IM, Umans L, Verfaillie CM, Camus A, de Sousa Lopes SMC, Huylebroeck D, Zwijsen A. Antagonism of Nodal signaling by BMP/Smad5 prevents ectopic primitive streak formation in the mouse amnion. Development 2012; 139:3343-54. [PMID: 22912414 DOI: 10.1242/dev.075465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The strength and spatiotemporal activity of Nodal signaling is tightly controlled in early implantation mouse embryos, including by autoregulation and feedback loops, and involves secreted and intracellular antagonists. These control mechanisms, which are established at the extra-embryonic/embryonic interfaces, are essential for anterior-posterior patterning of the epiblast and correct positioning of the primitive streak. Formation of an ectopic primitive streak, or streak expansion, has previously been reported in mutants lacking antagonists that target Nodal signaling. Here, we demonstrate that loss-of-function of a major bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) effector, Smad5, results in formation of an ectopic primitive streak-like structure in mutant amnion accompanied by ectopic Nodal expression. This suggests that BMP/Smad5 signaling contributes to negative regulation of Nodal. In cultured cells, we find that BMP-activated Smad5 antagonizes Nodal signaling by interfering with the Nodal-Smad2/4-Foxh1 autoregulatory pathway through the formation of an unusual BMP4-induced Smad complex containing Smad2 and Smad5. Quantitative expression analysis supports that ectopic Nodal expression in the Smad5 mutant amnion is induced by the Nodal autoregulatory loop and a slow positive-feedback loop. The latter involves BMP4 signaling and also induction of ectopic Wnt3. Ectopic activation of these Nodal feedback loops in the Smad5 mutant amnion results in the eventual formation of an ectopic primitive streak-like structure. We conclude that antagonism of Nodal signaling by BMP/Smad5 signaling prevents primitive streak formation in the amnion of normal mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo N G Pereira
- Laboratory of Developmental Signaling of the VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, and Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Moya IM, Umans L, Maas E, Pereira PNG, Beets K, Francis A, Sents W, Robertson EJ, Mummery CL, Huylebroeck D, Zwijsen A. Stalk cell phenotype depends on integration of Notch and Smad1/5 signaling cascades. Dev Cell 2012; 22:501-14. [PMID: 22364862 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induce single endothelial cells to become leading tip cells of emerging angiogenic sprouts. Tip cells then suppress tip-cell features in adjacent stalk cells via Dll4/Notch-mediated lateral inhibition. We report here that Smad1/Smad5-mediated BMP signaling synergizes with Notch signaling during selection of tip and stalk cells. Endothelium-specific inactivation of Smad1/Smad5 in mouse embryos results in impaired Dll4/Notch signaling and increased numbers of tip-cell-like cells at the expense of stalk cells. Smad1/5 downregulation in cultured endothelial cells reduced the expression of several target genes of Notch and of other stalk-cell-enriched transcripts (Hes1, Hey1, Jagged1, VEGFR1, and Id1-3). Moreover, Id proteins act as competence factors for stalk cells and form complexes with Hes1, which augment Hes1 levels in the endothelium. Our findings provide in vivo evidence for a regulatory loop between BMP/TGFβ-Smad1/5 and Notch signaling that orchestrates tip- versus stalk-cell selection and vessel plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván M Moya
- VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory of Developmental Signaling, VIB and Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Conidi A, Cazzola S, Beets K, Coddens K, Collart C, Cornelis F, Cox L, Joke D, Dobreva MP, Dries R, Esguerra C, Francis A, Ibrahimi A, Kroes R, Lesage F, Maas E, Moya I, Pereira PNG, Stappers E, Stryjewska A, van den Berghe V, Vermeire L, Verstappen G, Seuntjens E, Umans L, Zwijsen A, Huylebroeck D. Few Smad proteins and many Smad-interacting proteins yield multiple functions and action modes in TGFβ/BMP signaling in vivo. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:287-300. [PMID: 22119658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by the many ligands of the TGFβ family strongly converges towards only five receptor-activated, intracellular Smad proteins, which fall into two classes i.e. Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/8, respectively. These Smads bind to a surprisingly high number of Smad-interacting proteins (SIPs), many of which are transcription factors (TFs) that co-operate in Smad-controlled target gene transcription in a cell type and context specific manner. A combination of functional analyses in vivo as well as in cell cultures and biochemical studies has revealed the enormous versatility of the Smad proteins. Smads and their SIPs regulate diverse molecular and cellular processes and are also directly relevant to development and disease. In this survey, we selected appropriate examples on the BMP-Smads, with emphasis on Smad1 and Smad5, and on a number of SIPs, i.e. the CPSF subunit Smicl, Ttrap (Tdp2) and Sip1 (Zeb2, Zfhx1b) from our own research carried out in three different vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen) of Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Pereira PNG, Dobreva MP, Graham L, Huylebroeck D, Lawson KA, Zwijsen AN. Amnion formation in the mouse embryo: the single amniochorionic fold model. BMC Dev Biol 2011; 11:48. [PMID: 21806820 PMCID: PMC3163621 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the detailed knowledge obtained over the last decade on the molecular regulation of gastrulation in amniotes, the process of amnion development has been poorly described and illustrated in mice, and conflicting descriptions exist. Understanding the morphogenesis and development not only of the early mouse embryo, but also of its extraembryonic tissues, is crucial for correctly interpreting fate-mapping data and mouse mutants with gastrulation defects. Moreover, the recent isolation from amnion of cells with stem cell features further argues for a better understanding of the process of amnion formation. Here, we revisit the highly dynamic process of amnion formation in the mouse. Amnion development starts early during gastrulation and is intimately related to the formation of the exocoelom and the expansion of the amniotic fold. The authoritative description involves the fusion of two amniotic folds, a big posterior and a smaller anterior fold. We challenged this 'two amniotic folds' model by performing detailed histomorphological analyses of dissected, staged embryos and 3D reconstructions using historical sections. RESULTS A posterior fold of extraembryonic ectoderm and associated epiblast is formed early during gastrulation by accumulation of extraembryonic mesoderm posterior to the primitive streak. Previously called the "posterior amniotic fold", we rename it the "amniochorionic fold" (ACF) because it forms both amnion and chorion. Exocoelom formation within the ACF seems not to involve apoptosis within the mesoderm. The ACF and exocoelom expand without disrupting the anterior junction of epiblast, extraembryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm. No separate anterior fold is formed; its absence was confirmed in 3D reconstructions. Amnion and chorion closure is eccentric, close to the anterior margin of the egg cylinder: we name it the "anterior separation point". CONCLUSIONS Here, we reconcile previous descriptions of amnion formation and provide new nomenclature, as well as an animation, that clarify and emphasize the arrangement of the tissues that contribute to amnion development and the dynamics of the process. According to our data, the amnion and the chorion are formed by a single amniochorionic fold initiated posteriorly. Finally, we give an overview on mutant mouse models with impaired amnion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo N G Pereira
- Laboratory of Developmental Signaling of the Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
A common characteristic of mammals is the development of extraembryonic supporting tissues and organs that are required for embryonic implantation, survival and development in utero. The amnion is the innermost extraembryonic membrane that eventually surrounds the fetus of amniotes, and contains the amniotic fluid. Next to its function in in utero development, the amnion has been shown to have an important potential for clinical applications. It is mainly used as a dressing to stimulate healing in skin and ocular wounds. Moreover, cells derived from the amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid have been reported to possess stem cell features, like pluripotent differentiation ability. Little is known about the early development of this membrane in humans. The mouse is a powerful genetic model organism that can be used to address the dynamics and the developmental origin of amnion and amnion-derived stem cells. Here, we discuss some fundamental differences in amnion development in the disc-shaped primate embryo and in the cup-shaped mouse embryo. We emphasize the consequences that this may have on the derivation of amniotic "stem" cells. After revision of the different isolation procedures of amniotic (fluid) derived "stem" cells from rodents, we reveal striking differences in the sources used to derive these cells across studies. The profound differences in the development of the extraembryonic membranes and cavities between primates and rodents may result in comparing cell types of different developmental origins, eventually leading to missinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya P Dobreva
- Laboratory of Developmental Signaling, Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB, KU Leuven, Belgium
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