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Makarov AY, Buravlev AA, Romanenko GV, Bogomyakov AS, Zakharov BA, Morozov VA, Sukhikh AS, Shundrina IK, Shundrin LA, Irtegova IG, Cherepanova SV, Bagryanskaya IY, Nikulshin PV, Zibarev AV. Hysteretic Room-Temperature Magnetic Bistability of the Crystalline 4,7-Difluoro-1,3,2-Benzodithiazolyl Radical. Chempluschem 2024:e202300736. [PMID: 38332534 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The title radical R⋅, synthesized by reduction of the corresponding cation R+ , is thermally stable up to ~380 K in the crystalline state under anaerobic conditions. With SQUID magnetometry, single-crystal and powder XRD, solid-state EPR and TG-DSC, reversible spin-Peierls transition between diamagnetic and paramagnetic states featuring ~10 K hysteretic loop is observed for R⋅ in the temperature range ~310-325 K; ΔH=~2.03 kJ mol-1 and ΔS=~6.23 J mol-1 K-1 . The transition is accompanied by mechanical movement of the crystals, i. e., by thermosalient behavior. The low-temperature diamagnetic P-1 polymorph of R⋅ consists of R⋅2 π-dimers arranged in (…R⋅2 …)n π-stacks; whereas the high-temperature paramagnetic P21 /c polymorph, of uniform (…R⋅…)n π-stacks. With the XRD geometries, CASSCF and broken-symmetry DFT jointly suggest strong antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions within R⋅2 and weak between R⋅2 for the (…R⋅2 …)n stacks; and moderate AF interactions between R⋅ for the (…R⋅…)n stacks. The fully hydrocarbon archetype of R⋅ does not reveal the aforementioned properties. Thus, the fluorinated 1,3,2-benzodithiazolyls pave a new pathway in the design and synthesis of metal-less magnetically-bistable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu Makarov
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander A Buravlev
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences National Research University -, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina V Romanenko
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem S Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris A Zakharov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences National Research University -, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Morozov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander S Sukhikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, National Research University - Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Inna K Shundrina
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid A Shundrin
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina G Irtegova
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Cherepanova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Bagryanskaya
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel V Nikulshin
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Current address: Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zibarev
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Nikulshin PV, Makarov AY, Koskin IP, Becker CS, Kazantsev MS, Beckmann J, Balmohammadi Y, Grabowsky S, Mebs S, Naumova OV, Protasov DY, Svit KA, Irtegova IG, Radiush EA, Bagryanskaya IY, Shundrin LA, Zibarev AV. 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobiphenylene: A Prototype Janus-Headed Scaffold for Ambipolar Materials. Chempluschem 2023:e202300692. [PMID: 38052725 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The title compound was synthesized by Ullmann cross-coupling in low yield as the first representative of [n]phenylene containing hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon rings. Stille/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, as well as substitution of fluorine in suitable starting compounds, failed to give the same product. The geometric and electronic structures of the title compound were studied by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculations, together with Hirshfeld surface and reduced density gradient analyses. The crystal structure features head-to-tail π-stacking and other fluorine-related secondary bonding interactions. From the nucleus-independent chemical shifts descriptor, the four-membered ring of the title compound is antiaromatic, and the six-membered rings are aromatic. The Janus molecule is highly polarized; and the six-membered fluoro- and hydrocarbon rings are Lewis π-acidic and π-basic, respectively. The electrochemically-generated radical cation of the title compound is long-lived as characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance, whereas the radical anion is unstable in solution. The title compound reveals electrical properties of an insulator. On expanding its molecular scaffold towards partially fluorinated [n]phenylenes (n≥2), the properties presumably can be transformed into those of semiconductors. In this context, the title compound is suggested as a prototype scaffold for ambipolar materials for organic electronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Nikulshin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Current address: Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Makarov
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor P Koskin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Christina S Becker
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kazantsev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yaser Balmohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga V Naumova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Protasov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill A Svit
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina G Irtegova
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Radiush
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Bagryanskaya
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid A Shundrin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zibarev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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