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Chan-Colli DG, Agaliotis EM, Frias-Bastar D, Shen L, Carrillo JG, Herrera-Franco PJ, Flores-Johnson EA. Ballistic Behavior of Bioinspired Nacre-like Composites. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:341. [PMID: 37622946 PMCID: PMC10452249 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the ballistic performance of a multilayered composite inspired by the structural characteristics of nacre is numerically investigated using finite element (FE) simulations. Nacre is a natural composite material found in the shells of some marine mollusks, which has remarkable toughness due to its hierarchical layered structure. The bioinspired nacre-like composites investigated here were made of five wavy aluminum alloy 7075-T651 (AA7075) layers composed of ~1.1-mm thick square tablets bonded together with toughened epoxy resin. Two composite configurations with continuous layers (either wavy or flat) were also studied. The ballistic performance of the composite plates was compared to that of a bulk monolithic AA7075 plate. The ballistic impact was simulated in the 300-600 m/s range using two types of spherical projectiles, i.e., rigid and elastoplastic. The results showed that the nacre plate exhibited improved ballistic performance compared to the bulk plate and the plates with continuous layers. The structural design of the nacre plate improved the ballistic performance by producing a more ductile failure and enabling localized energy absorption via the plastic deformation of the tablets and the globalized energy dissipation due to interface debonding and friction. All the plate configurations exhibited a better ballistic performance when impacted by an elastoplastic projectile compared to a rigid one, which is explained by the projectile plastic deformation absorbing some of the impact energy and the enlarged contact area between the projectile and the plates producing more energy absorption by the plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny G. Chan-Colli
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (D.G.C.-C.); (D.F.-B.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Eliana M. Agaliotis
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina;
- Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
| | - David Frias-Bastar
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (D.G.C.-C.); (D.F.-B.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Luming Shen
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jose G. Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (D.G.C.-C.); (D.F.-B.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Pedro J. Herrera-Franco
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (D.G.C.-C.); (D.F.-B.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Emmanuel A. Flores-Johnson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Agaliotis EM, Ake-Concha BD, May-Pat A, Morales-Arias JP, Bernal C, Valadez-Gonzalez A, Herrera-Franco PJ, Proust G, Koh-Dzul JF, Carrillo JG, Flores-Johnson EA. Tensile Behavior of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based Composites Reinforced with Natural Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193976. [PMID: 36235924 PMCID: PMC9570513 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) filaments for 3D printing were fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with 1–5 wt% henequen flour comprising particles with sizes between 90–250 μm. The flour was obtained from natural henequen fibers. NFRCs and pristine PLA specimens were printed with a 0° raster angle for tension tests. The results showed that the NFRCs’ measured density, porosity, and degree of crystallinity increased with flour content. The tensile tests showed that the NFRC Young’s modulus was lower than that of the printed pristine PLA. For 1 wt% flour content, the NFRCs’ maximum stress and strain to failure were higher than those of the printed PLA, which was attributed to the henequen fibers acting as reinforcement and delaying crack growth. However, for 2 wt% and higher flour contents, the NFRCs’ maximum stress was lower than that of the printed PLA. Microscopic characterization after testing showed an increase in voids and defects, with the increase in flour content attributed to particle agglomeration. For 1 wt% flour content, the NFRCs were also printed with raster angles of ±45° and 90° for comparison; the highest tensile properties were obtained with a 0° raster angle. Finally, adding 3 wt% content of maleic anhydride to the NFRC with 1 wt% flour content slightly increased the maximum stress. The results presented herein warrant further research to fully understand the mechanical properties of printed NFRCs made of PLA reinforced with natural henequen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana M. Agaliotis
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN), Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
| | - Baltazar D. Ake-Concha
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alejandro May-Pat
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan P. Morales-Arias
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá 111321, Localidad de Teusaquillo, Colombia
| | - Celina Bernal
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN), Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
| | - Alex Valadez-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro J. Herrera-Franco
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gwénaëlle Proust
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Manufacturing Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J. Francisco Koh-Dzul
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jose G. Carrillo
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Emmanuel A. Flores-Johnson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
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Castillo-Lara JF, Flores-Johnson EA, Valadez-Gonzalez A, Herrera-Franco PJ, Carrillo JG, Gonzalez-Chi PI, Li QM. Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Foamed Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13143060. [PMID: 32650560 PMCID: PMC7412144 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical characterization of plain foamed concrete (PFC) and fiber-reinforced foamed concrete (FRFC) with a density of 700 kg/m3 was performed with compression and tension tests. FRFC was reinforced with the natural fiber henequen (untreated or alkaline-treated) at volume fractions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Polypropylene fiber reinforcement was also used as a reference. For all FRFCs, the inclusion of the fibers enhanced the compressive and tensile strengths and plastic behavior, which was attributed to the increase of specimen integrity. Under compressive loading, after the peak strength, there was no considerable loss in strength and a plateau-like regime was observed. Under tensile loading, the fibers significantly increased the tensile strength of the FRFCs and prevented a sudden failure of the specimens, which was in contrast to the brittle behavior of the PFC. The tensile behavior enhancement was higher when treated henequen fibers were used, which was attributed to the increase in the fiber–matrix bond produced by the alkaline treatment. The microscopic characterization showed that the inclusion of fibers did not modify the air-void size and its distribution. Higher energy absorption was observed for FRFCs when compared to the PFC, which was attributed to the enhanced toughness and ductility by the fibers. The results presented herein warrant further research of FRFC with natural henequen fibers for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin F. Castillo-Lara
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; (J.F.C.-L.); (A.V.-G.); (P.J.H.-F.); (J.G.C.); (P.I.G.-C.)
| | - Emmanuel A. Flores-Johnson
- CONACYT-Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-999-942-8330
| | - Alex Valadez-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; (J.F.C.-L.); (A.V.-G.); (P.J.H.-F.); (J.G.C.); (P.I.G.-C.)
| | - Pedro J. Herrera-Franco
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; (J.F.C.-L.); (A.V.-G.); (P.J.H.-F.); (J.G.C.); (P.I.G.-C.)
| | - Jose G. Carrillo
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; (J.F.C.-L.); (A.V.-G.); (P.J.H.-F.); (J.G.C.); (P.I.G.-C.)
| | - P. I. Gonzalez-Chi
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico; (J.F.C.-L.); (A.V.-G.); (P.J.H.-F.); (J.G.C.); (P.I.G.-C.)
| | - Q. M. Li
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
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Quiroz-Castillo JM, Rodríguez-Félix DE, Grijalva-Monteverde H, Del Castillo-Castro T, Plascencia-Jatomea M, Rodríguez-Félix F, Herrera-Franco PJ. Preparation of extruded polyethylene/chitosan blends compatibilized with polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:1094-100. [PMID: 24299879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel films of polyethylene and chitosan were obtained using extrusion. These polymers have interesting properties, and processing them with methods that are of high use in the industry, such as the extrusion method, can have a significant effect on the potential applications of these materials. The individual materials were thermally characterized; after this, extruded films of low density polyethylene and chitosan mixtures were prepared with the addition of polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride as a compatibilizer for the blends, and glycerol, as a plasticizer for chitosan. The use of compatibilizer and plasticizer agents improved the processability and compatibility of the mixtures, as well as their mechanical properties, as revealed by mechanical property measurements and scanning electron microscopy. It was possible to prepare blends with a maximum chitosan content of 20 wt%. The material stiffness increased with the increase of chitosan in the sample. FTIR studies revealed the existence of an interaction between the compatibilizer and chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Quiroz-Castillo
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83 000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Vilaseca F, Valadez-Gonzalez A, Herrera-Franco PJ, Pèlach MA, López JP, Mutjé P. Biocomposites from abaca strands and polypropylene. Part I: Evaluation of the tensile properties. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:387-395. [PMID: 19700312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, abaca strands were used as reinforcement of polypropylene matrix and their tensile mechanical properties were studied. It was found relevant increments on the tensile properties of the abaca strand-PP composites despite the lack of good adhesion at fiber-matrix interface. Afterwards, it was stated the influence of using maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as compatibilizer to promote the interaction between abaca strands and polypropylene. The intrinsic mechanical properties of the reinforcement were evaluated and used for modeling both the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites. For these cases, the compatibility factor for the ultimate tensile strength was deduced from the modified rule of mixtures. Additionally, the experimental fiber orientation coefficient was measured, allowing determining the interfacial shear strengths of the composites and the critical fiber length of the abaca strand reinforcement. The mechanical improvement was compared to that obtained for fiberglass-reinforced PP composites and evaluated under an economical and technical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Vilaseca
- Grup Lepamap, Departament d'Enginyeria Química Agrària i Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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Herrera-Franco PJ, Hernández-Sánchez F, Adem E, Burillo G. Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized PET with Radiation Oxidized HDPE. Polym Bull (Berl) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-005-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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