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Zanetti GDO, Pessoa PWM, Vieira TS, Garcia RDA, Santos Barbosa NH, Arantes RME, Kettelhut IDC, Navegantes LCC, Wanner SP, Soares DD, Gonçalves DAP. Long-term heat acclimation training in mice: Similar metabolic and running performance adaptations despite a lower absolute intensity than training at temperate conditions. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103797. [PMID: 38340467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of long-term heat acclimation (HA) training on mouse thermoregulation, metabolism, and running performance in temperate (T) and hot (H) environments. Male Swiss mice were divided into 1) Sedentary (SED) mice kept in T (22 °C; SED/T), 2) Endurance Trained mice (ET, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, 8 weeks, 60 % of maximum speed) in T (ET/T), 3) SED kept in H (32 °C; SED/H), and 4) ET in H (ET/H). All groups performed incremental load tests (ILT) in both environments before (pre-ET) and after four and eight weeks of ET. In the pre-ET period, H impaired (∼30 %) performance variables (maximum speed and external work) and increased (1.3 °C) maximum abdominal body temperature compared with T. In T, after four weeks, although ET/H exercised at a lower (∼30 %) absolute intensity than ET/T, performance variables and aerobic power (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) were similarly increased in both ET groups compared with SED/T. After eight weeks, the external work was higher in both ET groups compared with SED/T. Only ET/T significantly increased VO2peak (∼11 %) relative to its pre-ET period. In H, only after eight weeks, both ET groups improved (∼19 %) maximum speed and reduced (∼46 %) post-ILT blood lactate concentrations compared with their respective pre-ET values. Liver glycogen content increased (34 %) in both ET groups and SED/H compared with SED/T. Thus, ET/H was performed at a lower absolute intensity but promoted similar effects to ET/T on metabolism, aerobic power, and running performance. Our findings open perspectives for applying HA training as part of a training program or orthopedic and metabolic rehabilitation programs in injured or even obese animals, reducing mechanical load with equivalent or higher physiological demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Oliveira Zanetti
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Pedro William Martins Pessoa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Sambrano Vieira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Almeida Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Henrique Santos Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Departments of Biochemistry & Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danusa Dias Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dawit Albieiro Pinheiro Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFISE), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Section of Sports Physiology (SFE), Sports Training Center (CTE), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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