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Vogler S, Salyer RE, Giacobbi PR. Yoga and Mental Well-being: A Qualitative Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Yoga Practitioners. Int J Yoga 2023; 16:192-201. [PMID: 38463650 PMCID: PMC10919406 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_191_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Participation in yoga has increased dramatically amongst all demographic groups in recent decades. While studies have explored the physical and mental benefits of yoga, few have focused on the lived experiences of those practicing yoga and why they continue their involvement. Aims The purpose of this study was to assess practitioners' views about the impact of yoga on mental well-being and explore how these benefits may support their continued practice. Settings and Design Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 individuals, the majority identified as female (M age = 44.25, standard deviation = 11.80). The majority of participants were White (86.36%) and had practiced yoga for an average of 8-10 years (40.91%). Methods A pragmatic qualitative approach was taken that included the adoption of a constructivist, narrative, meaning-making ontology, hermeneutic epistemology, and interpretivist axiology. Interviews were conducted on Zoom, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Analysis Used Interviews were coded independently by two team members following reflexive thematic analysis procedures. Results Two major themes, structural and functional components, covered the five main subthemes that explained why yoga was beneficial for mental well-being and highlighted the self-sustaining nature of yoga practice: (1) the yoga environment, (2) personnel, (3) strengthening of mind and body during practice, (4) transfer of skills, and (5) giving back. The practitioners described how their yoga journeys supported their mental well-being and encouraged the long-term maintenance of their yoga practices. A conceptual model will be presented that incorporates the major themes and provides an explanation of why practitioners continue to practice yoga. Conclusions This study provides insight into how yoga's mental well-being benefits affect adherence, and ultimately, informs our understanding of yoga as a self-sustaining practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Vogler
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, College of Human and Applied Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Elizabeth Salyer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Peter R. Giacobbi
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, College of Human and Applied Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Grogg KA, Giacobbi PR, Blair EK, Haggerty TS, Lilly CL, Winters CS, Kelley GA. Physical Activity Assessment and Promotion in Clinical Settings in the United States: A Scoping Review. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:714-737. [PMID: 35224998 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211051840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically examine interventions that focused on physical activity assessment and promotion in clinical settings in the United States. DATA SOURCES A literature search was performed in 6 major databases to extract published peer-reviewed studies from 2008 to 2019. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Interventions with practicing health professionals in the United States who performed physical activity assessment and promotion with adult patients 18 years of age and older. Studies were excluded if they were published in non-English, observational or case study designs, or gray literature. DATA EXTRACTION Studies were screened and coded based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study setting for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework. Of 654 studies that were identified and screened for eligibility, 78 met eligibility criteria and were independently coded by two coders. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were synthesized using qualitative and descriptive methods. RESULTS Forty-three of the included studies were randomized controlled trials with a majority being delivered by physicians and nurses in primary care settings. Fifty-six studies reported statistically significant findings in outcome measures such as anthropometrics and chronic disease risk factors, with 17 demonstrating improvements in physical activity levels as a result of the interventions. CONCLUSION The assessment and promotion of physical activity in clinical settings appears to be effective but warrants continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Grogg
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, 5631West Virginia University School of Medicine and Honors College, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Joint Appointment in Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, 5631West Virginia University College of Physical Activity & Sport Sciences, School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emma K Blair
- Department of Exercise Physiology, 5631West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Treah S Haggerty
- Department of Family Medicine, 5631West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, 5631West Virginia University, School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Carena S Winters
- Department of Kinesiology, 4121Jacksonville University, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - George A Kelley
- Department of Biostatistics, 5631West Virginia University, School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Gordon JS, Bell ML, Armin JS, Giacobbi PR, Nair US. A telephone-based guided imagery tobacco cessation intervention: results of a randomized feasibility trial. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:516-529. [PMID: 32542352 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports the use of guided imagery for smoking cessation; however, scalable delivery methods are needed to make it a viable approach. Telephone-based tobacco quitlines are a standard of care, but reach is limited. Adding guided imagery to quitline services might increase reach by offering an alternative approach. PURPOSE To develop and test the feasibility and potential impact of a guided imagery-based tobacco cessation intervention delivered using a quitline model. METHODS Participants for this randomized feasibility trial were recruited statewide through a quitline or community-based methods. Participants were randomized to guided imagery Intervention Condition (IC) or active behavioral Control Condition (CC). After withdrawals, there were 105 participants (IC = 56; CC = 49). The IC consisted of six sessions in which participants created guided imagery audio files. The CC used a standard six-session behavioral protocol. Feasibility measures included recruitment rate, retention, and adherence to treatment. We also assessed 6-month quit rates and consumer satisfaction. RESULTS Both the IC and CC protocols were feasible to deliver. We finalized protocols and materials for participants, coaches and study staff, and delivered the protocols with fidelity. We developed successful recruitment methods, and experienced high retention (6 months = 81.9%) and adherence (all sessions = 66.7%). Long-term quit rates (IC = 27.9%; CC = 38.1%) compared favorably to those of quitlines, and program satisfaction was high, suggesting that the protocols are acceptable to smokers and may contribute to smoking abstinence. CONCLUSIONS The guided imagery intervention is feasible and promising, suggesting that a fully powered RCT to test the efficacy of the intervention is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02968381.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie L Bell
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Julie S Armin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences and School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Uma S Nair
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Curtis AF, Dzierzewski JM, Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Roberts BL, Aiken-Morgan AT, Marsiske M, McCrae CS. Preliminary investigation of interactive associations of sleep and pain with cognition in sedentary middle-aged and older adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:233-242. [PMID: 33006311 PMCID: PMC7853205 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine independent and interactive associations between self-reported sleep (sleep efficiency and total sleep time [TST]) and pain with cognition in sedentary middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Seventy-five sedentary adults at least 50 years of age (Mage = 63.24, standard deviation = 8.87) completed 14 daily diaries measuring sleep and pain. Weekly average sleep efficiency, TST, and pain were computed. Participants also completed computerized cognitive tasks: Letter Series (reasoning), N-back (working memory), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (processing speed, attention), and Number Copy (processing speed). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine independent and interactive (with pain) associations of sleep efficiency and TST with cognition, controlling for age, education, and sex. RESULTS Sleep efficiency and pain interacted in their associations with Letter Series performance and N-back difference scores (2-back minus 1-back). Specifically, higher sleep efficiency was associated with better reasoning and working memory in those with highest pain but not average or lowest pain. TST and pain also interacted in their associations with Letter Series performance. Specifically, longer TST associated with worse reasoning in those with lowest (not average or highest) pain. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results show that in sedentary middle-aged and older adults, pain and sleep interact in their associations with executive function tasks. Higher sleep efficiency may be associated with better reasoning and working memory in those with highest pain. Lower TST may be associated with better reasoning in those with lowest pain. Studies evaluating temporal associations between sleep, pain, and cognition are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F. Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Matthew P. Buman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Peter R. Giacobbi
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | | | - Adrienne T. Aiken-Morgan
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
- Center on Health and Society, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Perez E, Dzierzewski JM, Aiken-Morgan AT, McCrae CS, Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Roberts BL, Marsiske M. Anxiety and executive functions in mid-to-late life: the moderating role of sleep. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1459-1465. [PMID: 31512489 PMCID: PMC7065938 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1663492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The goal of the study was to examine the influence of sleep efficiency on the relationship between anxiety and executive functions.Method: Secondary data analyses of 82 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults were performed (M age = 63.00, SD = 8.64). Anxiety was measured using the trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Sleep efficiency was measured using one-week of sleep diary data. Two executive functions, cognitive flexibility and inductive reasoning, were measured using the Trail-Making Test and Letter Series task, respectively. SPSS PROCESS macro software version 2 was used to assess the moderating role of sleep efficiency in the relationship between anxiety and executive functions.Results: Sleep significantly moderated the relationship between anxiety and inductive reasoning. Among middle-aged and older adults with high anxiety, those with good sleep efficiency displayed significantly better inductive reasoning than those with poor sleep efficiency after controlling for age, gender, and education (ΔR2 = .05, p = .017). Sleep efficiency did not significantly moderate the relationship between anxiety and cognitive flexibility.Conclusion: Sleep efficiency weakened the association between anxiety and inductive reasoning in middle-aged and older adults. Evidence from the study suggests better sleep may limit the negative effects of anxiety on executive functions in mid-to-late life. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of anxiety and sleep on executive functions in clinical populations with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliottnell Perez
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Adrienne T Aiken-Morgan
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Center on Biobehavioral Health Disparities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Buman
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
Africa has the highest rates of child mortality and diseases in the world. Research suggests that sport can be an effective way to enhance health knowledge and behaviors among at-risk youth in Africa. Scoping reviews explore both the breadth and depth of a research topic, which allows researchers to conduct a detailed analysis and synthesis of studies to understand how, why, and under what circumstances sport-based interventions are effective. The purpose of this scoping review was to specifically examine the study design, theoretical foundations, sample characteristics, measured and observed outcomes, intervention characteristics, and funding sources identified in previous studies that examined sport as a platform for health promotion with youth in Africa. A total of 916 articles were retrieved from 10 electronic bibliographic databases; 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, four were randomized controlled trials, while the remaining were open trials with pre-posttest assessments, both with comparison conditions and without. Only 10 studies included a theoretical framework to specifically inform the sport-based intervention implemented. Targeted health outcomes included knowledge and behaviors related to a myriad physical and mental health concerns, such as HIV, clean water use, vaccinations, physical activity, and fitness. Statistically significant improvements were observed in 82% of the studies examined. Our results suggest that sport-based interventions may be effective in improving health knowledge and behaviors among youth in Africa. Recommendations for future research, including methodology and the importance of global partnerships with nonprofit organizations, are discussed.
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Hand GA, Giacobbi PR. A Review of Small Screen and Internet Technology-Induced Pathology as a Lifestyle Determinant of Health and Illness: A Commentary to Stevens and Egger (2019). Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 14:122-125. [PMID: 32231474 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619890947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Hand
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, and College of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Perez E, Dzierzewski JM, Aiken-Morgan AT, McCrae CS, Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Roberts BL, Marsiske M. 0089 Does Good Sleep Efficiency Protect Against the Cognitive Consequences of Anxiety Symptoms in Older Adults? Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Perez
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | | | - M P Buman
- Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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9
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Giacobbi PR, Stewart J, Chaffee K, Jaeschke AM, Stabler M, Kelley GA. A Scoping Review of Health Outcomes Examined in Randomized Controlled Trials Using Guided Imagery. Prog Prev Med (N Y) 2017; 2:e0010. [PMID: 29457147 PMCID: PMC5812272 DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guided imagery involves the controlled visualization of detailed mental images. This integrative health technique is used for healing, health maintenance, or the treatment of specific conditions. Guided imagery is an integral part of mindfulness meditation, hypnosis, and various relaxation exercises. However, evidence to support the widespread use and dissemination of guided imagery interventions has been lacking. The purposes of this scoping review were to document the scope of health outcomes and disease processes examined by guided imagery researchers and the journal outlets where this work has been published. Secondary purposes were to review the efficacy of guided imagery, risk of bias from studies published in selected integrative health journals, and gain feedback from clinicians in a practiced-based research network (PBRN) about potential barriers for use in clinical settings. METHODS Ten bibliographic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1960 and 2013 that included adult participants. Descriptive and analytic methods were employed to document the journal outlets, diseases, and health outcomes investigated. RESULTS 320 RCTs that included more than 17,979 adult participants were reviewed. The published studies appeared in 216 peer-reviewed journals from diverse disciplines largely representing psychology, the sport sciences, rehabilitation, nursing, and medicine. Major outcomes observed were coping with pain, stroke recovery, anxiety, coping with stress, and sport skills. Practitioner feedback from the PBRN revealed some interest but skepticism and time constraints were discussed as barriers. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing research and creative dissemination techniques are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Giacobbi
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va
| | - Jonathan Stewart
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va
| | - Keeley Chaffee
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va
| | - Anna-Marie Jaeschke
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va
| | - Meagan Stabler
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va
| | - George A. Kelley
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va
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Ravyts SG, Dzierzewski JM, Grah SC, Buman MP, Aiken-Morgan AT, Giacobbi PR, Roberts BL, Marsiske M, McCrae CS. 1044 IS PAIN INCONSISTENCY OR AVERAGE PAIN MORE ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP IN OLDER ADULTS? Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Grah SC, Dzierzewski JM, Ravyts SG, Buman MP, Aiken-Morgan AT, Giacobbi PR, Roberts BL, Marsiske M, McCrae CS. 0850 GENERAL AND DOMAIN-SPECIFIC SELF-EFFICACY AND SLEEP IN OLDER ADULTS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
This commentary is in response to Joseph, Daniel, Thind, Benitez and Pekmezi (2014). They reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included long-term follow-up assessments at least 6 months post-intervention. Their main purpose was to understand which theory or model used by researchers could help explain the long-term maintenance of health behaviors once the intervention was withdrawn in trials focused on physical activity, dietary behavior, and excessive alcohol consumption. Results showed that social cognitive theory (SCT) and transtheoretical model (TTM) were used most often and associated with long-term behavior change compared to self-determination theory (SDT), theory of planned behavior (TPB), or the social-ecological model (SEM). SDT showed encouraging findings while the evidence was unclear for the TPB and the SEM. Here it is argued that scientists should continually reflect on the utility of theory over time and the efforts by Joseph and colleagues should be commended. It is also useful to distinguish theories, which are more specified and offer more generalized statements, than models. Models, such as the TPB and SEM, have incorporated elements of other theories but are typically viewed as tools to characterize behavior. For instance, in 10 studies reviewed by Joseph and colleagues the SCT and TTM were used in an integrative manner. An example of an integrated model is presented that incorporates elements of SDT, TPB, and SCT in an effort to highlight how integrating elements from multiple theories may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Giacobbi
- Departments of Sport Science and Epidemiology, College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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13
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Stabler ME, Long DL, Chertok IRA, Giacobbi PR, Pilkerton C, Lander LR. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in West Virginia Substate Regions, 2007-2013. J Rural Health 2016; 33:92-101. [PMID: 26879950 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The opioid epidemic is a public health threat with consequences affecting newborns. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a constellation of withdrawal symptoms resulting primarily from in utero opioid exposure. The purpose of this study was to examine NAS and drug-specific trends in West Virginia (WV), where rurality-related issues are largely present. METHODS The 2007-2013 WV Health Care Authority, Uniform Billing Data were analyzed for 119,605 newborn admissions with 1,974 NAS diagnoses. NAS (ICD9-CM 779.5) and exposure diagnostic codes for opioids, hallucinogens, and cocaine were utilized as incidence rate (IR) per 1,000 live births. FINDINGS Between 2007 and 2013, NAS IR significantly increased from 7.74 to 31.56 per 1,000 live births per year (Z: -19.10, P < .0001). During this time period, opioid exposure increased (Z: -9.56, P < .0001), while cocaine exposure decreased (Z: 3.62, P = .0003). In 2013, the southeastern region of the state had the highest NAS IR of 48.76 per 1,000 live births. NAS infants were more likely to experience other clinical conditions, longer hospital stay, and be insured by Medicaid. CONCLUSIONS Statewide NAS IR increased 4-fold over the study period, with rates over 3 times the national annual averages. This alarming trend is deleterious for the health of WV mother-child dyads and it strains the state's health care system. Therefore, WV has a unique need for prenatal public health drug treatment and prevention resources, specifically targeting the southeastern region. Further examination of maternal drug-specific trends and general underutilization of neonatal exposure ICD-9-CM codes is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E Stabler
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - D Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ilana R A Chertok
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- Department of Sport Sciences with Joint Appointment to Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Courtney Pilkerton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura R Lander
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Hand GA, Shook RP, Hill JO, Giacobbi PR, Blair SN. Energy flux: staying in energy balance at a high level is necessary to prevent weight gain for most people. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:599-605. [PMID: 30289030 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.1079483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Energy flux, the rate of energy conversion from absorption to expenditure or storage, is a critical component of understanding weight management. Individuals who maintain body weight over time have common characteristics including a relatively high level of physical activity and minimal changes in body composition, muscle mass and metabolic rate. A higher state of energy flux resulting from high energy expenditure may provide for a greater 'sensitivity' between energy intake and expenditure. This sensitivity stabilizes body weight by enhancing reciprocal compensation among these components with changes in eating or activity. The energy balance framework suggests that a higher level of energy expenditure requires higher energy intake to maintain body mass. Maintaining energy balance at a higher caloric intake and expenditure should be a more successful long-term strategy for weight maintenance than reduced consumption or extreme caloric restriction at a low level of energy expenditure (a low energy flux) and improve intervention effectiveness for sustainable methods for body weight stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Hand
- a 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, HSC South, Morgantown, WV, USA
- b 2 College of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, West Virginia University, PO Box 6116, 375 Birch Street, Health Education Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Robin P Shook
- c 3 Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Kinesiology, 247 Forker Bldg, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James O Hill
- d 4 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Center for Human Nutrition, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- a 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, HSC South, Morgantown, WV, USA
- b 2 College of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, West Virginia University, PO Box 6116, 375 Birch Street, Health Education Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- e 5 Departments of Exercise Science and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Giacobbi PR, Stabler ME, Stewart J, Jaeschke AM, Siebert JL, Kelley GA. Guided Imagery for Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pain Manag Nurs 2015; 16:792-803. [PMID: 26174438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many individuals suffering from arthritis and other rheumatic diseases (AORD) supplement pharmacologic treatments with psychosocial interventions. One promising approach, guided imagery, has been reported to have positive results in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and is a highly scalable treatment for those with AORD. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of RCTs that have examined the effects of guided imagery on pain, function, and other outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and quality of life in adults with AORD. Ten electronic bibliographic databases were searched for reports of RCTs published between 1960 and 2013. Selection criteria included adults with AORD who participated in RCTs that used guided imagery as a partial or sole intervention strategy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Instrument. Results were synthesized qualitatively. Seven studies representing 306 enrolled and 287 participants who completed the interventions met inclusion criteria. The average age of the participants was 62.9 years (standard deviation = 12.2). All interventions used guided imagery scripts that were delivered via audio technology. The interventions ranged from a one-time exposure to 16 weeks in duration. Risk of bias was low or unclear in all but one study. All studies reported statistically significant improvements in the observed outcomes. Guided imagery appears to be beneficial for adults with AORD. Future theory-based studies with cost-benefit analyses are warranted.
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Floegel TA, Giacobbi PR, Dzierzewski JM, Aiken-Morgan AT, Roberts B, McCrae CS, Marsiske M, Buman MP. Intervention markers of physical activity maintenance in older adults. Am J Health Behav 2015; 39:487-99. [PMID: 26018097 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.39.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify intervention components that may promote longterm changes of physical activity among older adults in a behavioral theory-based physical activity trial. METHODS Participants (N = 24; aged 65 ± 8.79 years) shared perceptions of intervention components at the end of the intervention and physical activity was assessed at 18 months. Mixed-methods analyses using a pragmatic content analysis of interview data were conducted. RESULTS Active study participants (25%) cited more specific goals/actions to achieve goals and more social support from family/friends, and had significantly higher self-determined motivation mean scores at 18 months than insufficiently active study participants (75%). CONCLUSIONS Specific goal-setting behaviors and social support from family/friends may be key elements of physical activity maintenance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Floegel
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences and School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Beverly Roberts
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina S McCrae
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew P Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Giacobbi PR, Buman MP, Dzierzewski J, Aiken-Morgan AT, Roberts B, Marsiske M, Knutson N, Smith-McCrae C. Content and Perceived Utility of Mental Imagery by Older Adults in a Peer-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention. J Appl Sport Psychol 2014; 26:129-143. [PMID: 25067894 PMCID: PMC4106045 DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2013.803502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Imagery interventions intended to increase exercise behavior are rare. The Active Adult Mentoring Program (AAMP) was a randomized controlled trial with imagery content. The purposes of this study were to examine the content and perceived utility of mental imagery with 24 AAMP participants (Mage = 65.00, SD = 8.79 years). Digital recordings of AAMP sessions and post-intervention interviews were content-analyzed. Emergent themes included images of the physical activity context and negative impressions about imagery. Post-intervention interviews revealed that 13 participants reported positive experiences using mental imagery while 9 would not engage in further use. Important implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Giacobbi
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University
| | - M P Buman
- Exercise and Wellness Program, Arizona State University
| | - J Dzierzewski
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | | | - B Roberts
- Department of Adult and Elderly Nursing, University of Florida
| | - M Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
| | - N Knutson
- Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University
| | - C Smith-McCrae
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
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Dzierzewski JM, Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Roberts BL, Aiken-Morgan AT, Marsiske M, McCrae CS. Exercise and sleep in community-dwelling older adults: evidence for a reciprocal relationship. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:61-8. [PMID: 23980920 PMCID: PMC3844037 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exercise behaviour and sleep are both important health indicators that demonstrate significant decreases with age, and remain modifiable well into later life. The current investigation examined both the chronic and acute relationships between exercise behaviour and self-reported sleep in older adults through a secondary analysis of a clinical trial of a lifestyle intervention. Seventy-nine community-dwelling, initially sedentary, older adults (mean age = 63.58 years, SD = 8.66 years) completed daily home-based assessments of exercise behaviour and sleep using daily diary methodology. Assessments were collected weekly and continued for 18 consecutive weeks. Multilevel models revealed a small positive chronic (between-person mean-level) association between exercise and wake time after sleep onset, and a small positive acute (within-person, day-to-day) association between exercise and general sleep quality rating. The within-person exercise and general sleep quality rating relationship was found to be reciprocal (i.e. sleep quality also predicted subsequent exercise behaviour). As such, it appears exercise and sleep are dynamically related in older adults. Efforts to intervene on either sleep or exercise in late-life would be wise to take the other into account. Light exposure, temperature regulation and mood may be potential mechanisms of action through which exercise can impact sleep in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Dzierzewski
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Hekler EB, Buman MP, Poothakandiyil N, Rivera DE, Dzierzewski JM, Morgan AA, McCrae CS, Roberts BL, Marsiske M, Giacobbi PR. Exploring behavioral markers of long-term physical activity maintenance: a case study of system identification modeling within a behavioral intervention. Health Educ Behav 2013; 40:51S-62S. [PMID: 24084400 PMCID: PMC3806212 DOI: 10.1177/1090198113496787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious interventions to promote long-term maintenance of physical activity are not well understood. Engineers have developed methods to create dynamical system models for modeling idiographic (i.e., within-person) relationships within systems. In behavioral research, dynamical systems modeling may assist in decomposing intervention effects and identifying key behavioral patterns that may foster behavioral maintenance. The Active Adult Mentoring Program was a 16-week randomized controlled trial of a group-based, peer-delivered physical activity intervention targeting older adults. Time-intensive (i.e., daily) physical activity reports were collected throughout the intervention. We explored differential patterns of behavior among participants who received the active intervention (N = 34; 88% women, 64.1 ± 8.3 years of age) and either maintained 150 minutes/week of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA; n = 10) or did not (n = 24) at 18 months following the intervention period. We used dynamical systems modeling to explore whether key intervention components (i.e., self-monitoring, access to an exercise facility, behavioral initiation training, behavioral maintenance training) and theoretically plausible behavioral covariates (i.e., indoor vs. outdoor activity) predicted differential patterns of behavior among maintainers and nonmaintainers. We found that maintainers took longer to reach a steady-state of MVPA. At week 10 of the intervention, nonmaintainers began to drop whereas maintainers increased MVPA. Self-monitoring, behavioral initiation training, percentage of outdoor activity, and behavioral maintenance training, but not access to an exercise facility, were key variables that explained patterns of change among maintainers. Future studies should be conducted to systematically explore these concepts within a priori idiographic (i.e., N-of-1) experimental designs.
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Stabler ME, Giacobbi PR, Fekedulegn DB. Association of television viewing time with overweight/obesity independent of meeting physical activity guidelines: do joint exposures yield independence? J Epidemiol 2013; 23:396-7. [PMID: 23933619 PMCID: PMC3775535 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20130073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E. Stabler
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Peter R. Giacobbi
- Department of Sport Sciences with Joint Appointment to Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Desta B. Fekedulegn
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Dzierzewski JM, Marsiske M, Morgan AA, Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Roberts B, McCrae CS. Cognitive Inconsistency and Practice-Related Learning in Older Adults. GeroPsych (Bern) 2013; 26. [PMID: 24319428 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined predictors of individual differences in the magnitude of practice-related improvements achieved by 87 older adults (meanage 63.52 years) over 18-weeks of cognitive practice. Cognitive inconsistency in both baseline trial-to-trial reaction times and week-to-week accuracy scores was included as predictors of practice-related gains in two measures of processing speed. Conditional growth models revealed that both reaction time and accuracy level and rate-of-change in functioning were related to inconsistency, even after controlling for mean-level, but that increased inconsistency was negatively associated with accuracy versus positively associated with reaction time improvement. Cognitive inconsistency may signal dysregulation in the ability to control cognitive performance or may be indicative of adaptive attempts at functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Dzierzewski
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA ; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Cook B, Hausenblas H, Tuccitto D, Giacobbi PR. Eating disorders and exercise: a structural equation modelling analysis of a conceptual model. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2011; 19:216-25. [PMID: 21584914 DOI: 10.1002/erv.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the well-established health benefits of physical activity, the role of exercise for eating disorders (ED) is controversial; thus dictating a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of exercise and ED. The purpose of our study was to examine a conceptual model that hypothesizes regular exercise without psychological compulsion might impart beneficial effects for preventing and treating ED. METHOD University students (N = 539) completed self-report assessments of quality of life, exercise level, ED risk and exercise dependence symptoms. Structural equation modelling analysis was undertaken to examine the conceptual model's proposed relationships. RESULTS Mediation analysis and model comparison tests showed that the partially mediated model without the physical well-being latent construct fit the data best. DISCUSSION Our results provided initial support for the conceptual model by showing that the psychological benefits, but not the physical benefits, conveyed by exercise were associated with reduced ED risk.
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Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Dzierzewski JM, Aiken Morgan A, McCrae CS, Roberts BL, Marsiske M. Peer volunteers improve long-term maintenance of physical activity with older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Phys Act Health 2011; 8 Suppl 2:S257-66. [PMID: 21918240 PMCID: PMC3181088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using peer volunteers as delivery agents may improve translation of evidence-based physical activity promotion programs for older adults. This study examined whether tailored support from older peer volunteers could improve initiation and long-term maintenance of physical activity behavior. METHODS Participants were randomized to 2 16-week, group-based programs: (1) peer-delivered, theory-based support for physical activity behavior change; or (2) an intervention typically available in community settings (basic education, gym membership, and pedometer for self-monitoring), attention-matched with health education. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed via daily self-report logs at baseline, at the end of the intervention (16 weeks), and at follow-up (18 months), with accelerometry validation (RT3) in a random subsample. RESULTS Seven peer volunteers and 81 sedentary adults were recruited. Retention at the end of the trial was 85% and follow-up at 18 months was 61%. Using intent-to-treat analyses, at 16 weeks, both groups had similar significant improvements in MVPA. At 18 months, the group supplemented with peer support had significantly more MVPA. CONCLUSIONS Trained peer volunteers may enhance long-term maintenance of physical activity gains from a community-based intervention. This approach has great potential to be adapted and delivered inexpensively in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Buman
- Exercise and Wellness Program, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Giacobbi PR, Tuccitto DE, Buman MP, Munroe-Chandler K. A measurement and conceptual investigation of exercise imagery establishing construct validity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010; 81:485-493. [PMID: 21268473 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2010.10599710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the factor structure of a revised version of the Exercise Imagery Inventory (ELI; Giacobbi, Hausenblas, & Penfield, 2005), second-order interrelationships for cognitive and motivational forms of mental imagery, and associations with exercise behavior and barriers self-efficacy. A convenience sample of 358 (M age = 20.55 years, SD = 3.88) college students completed the EII-revised (EII-R), a measure of barriers self-efficacy and the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. The EII-R demonstrated reliability and factorial validity with good model fit statistics. We observed second-order relationships among scale scores and discriminant validity evidence that distinguished cognitive (e.g., exercise technique, exercise routines) and motivational (e.g., appearance/health, exercise self-efficacy, exercise feelings) factors. The second-order imagery factors were significantly and moderately associated with barriers self-efficacy and exercise behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Giacobbi
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
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Giacobbi PR, Tuccitto DE, Buman MP, Munroe-Chandler K. A measurement and conceptual investigation of exercise imagery establishing construct validity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010; 81:485-493. [PMID: 21268473 DOI: 10.5641/027013610x13088600029454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the factor structure of a revised version of the Exercise Imagery Inventory (ELI; Giacobbi, Hausenblas, & Penfield, 2005), second-order interrelationships for cognitive and motivational forms of mental imagery, and associations with exercise behavior and barriers self-efficacy. A convenience sample of 358 (M age = 20.55 years, SD = 3.88) college students completed the EII-revised (EII-R), a measure of barriers self-efficacy and the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. The EII-R demonstrated reliability and factorial validity with good model fit statistics. We observed second-order relationships among scale scores and discriminant validity evidence that distinguished cognitive (e.g., exercise technique, exercise routines) and motivational (e.g., appearance/health, exercise self-efficacy, exercise feelings) factors. The second-order imagery factors were significantly and moderately associated with barriers self-efficacy and exercise behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Giacobbi
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of occupational burnout, engagement, and somatic health complaints and the associations among these constructs experienced by certified athletic trainers (ATs). A secondary objective was to examine differences between men and women, those with more versus less postcertification experience, and ATs who worked in different occupational settings. DESIGN Survey-based, stratified, proportionate random sample of full-time ATs. SETTING Data were collected online from ATs employed full time in the college or university, secondary school or youth, and industrial or clinical settings. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Of 3998 invited ATs, 934 replied, for a response rate of 24%. The mean age of the participants was 33.84 +/- 8.29 years, and each AT worked with an average of 90 clients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The dependent variables were perceived stress, occupational burnout, engagement, and somatic health complaints. RESULTS Although 17.2% of participants were in the most advanced stages of burnout, low levels of burnout and high degrees of occupational engagement were observed. Women ATs and those working in the college or university settings scored higher for burnout, whereas men and those in the clinical or industrial settings scored higher for engagement. Women also reported significantly more somatic health complaints than men did. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of burnout in ATs was relatively small, but sex and occupational-setting differences were observed and deserve greater scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Giacobbi
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Buman MP, Giacobbi PR, Yasova LD, McCrae CS. Using the Constructive Narrative Perspective to Understand Physical Activity Reasoning Schema in Sedentary Adults. J Health Psychol 2009; 14:1174-83. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105309342303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the Constructive Narrative Perspective (CNP), a three-level, progressively complex reasoning schema, to examine how individuals perceive barriers to physical activity. Sedentary adults ( N = 23) aged 50 years and older ( M = 65.23; SD = 6.03) participated in semi-structured interviews regarding their reasons for physical inactivity. The results provided initial support for using the CNP framework. Level II (self-relevant) and Level III (cognitive-affective schema-related) reasons were most commonly reported. Level I (evidence-based) reasons were less commonly reported. The CNP framework could become a useful tool in tailoring intervention strategies based upon progressively more complex reasoning schema.
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Penfield RD, Giacobbi PR, Myers ND. Using the cumulative common log-odds ratio to identify differential item functioning of rating scale items in the exercise and sport sciences. Res Q Exerc Sport 2007; 78:451-464. [PMID: 18274217 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2007.10599445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
One aspect of construct validity is the extent to which the measurement properties of a rating scale are invariant across the groups being compared. An increasingly used method for assessing between-group differences in the measurement properties of items of a scale is the framework of differential item functioning (DIF). In this paper we introduce the concept of DIF as a validation tool for scales used in physical education and exercise science, and illustrate the use of the cumulative common log-odds ratio for assessing the presence of DIF with data from the Exercise Imagery Inventory (EII; Giacobbi, Hausenblas, & Penfield, 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall D Penfield
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-2040, USA.
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Bolgar MR, Giacobbi PR. Contextual and Personal Predictors of Coping with Anger in Junior Tennis Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reed S, Giacobbi PR. The Stress and Coping Responses of Certified Graduate Athletic Training Students. J Athl Train 2004; 39:193-200. [PMID: 15173872 PMCID: PMC419515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the sources of stress and coping responses of certified graduate athletic training students. DESIGN AND SETTING: We interviewed certified graduate athletic training students 3 times over a 9-month period. We transcribed the interviews verbatim and used grounded theory analytic procedures to inductively analyze the participants' sources of stress and coping responses. SUBJECTS: Three male and 3 female certified graduate athletic training students from a postcertification graduate athletic training program volunteered to participate in this investigation. The participants were full-time graduate students, with a mean age of 23 years, who had worked an average of 1.5 years as certified athletic trainers at the time of the first interview. MEASUREMENTS: We used grounded theory analytic procedures to inductively analyze the participants' sources of stress and coping responses. RESULTS: A total of 6 general sources of stress and 11 coping dimensions were revealed. The stress dimensions were labeled athletic training duties, comparing job duties, responsibilities as student, time management, social evaluation, and future concerns. The coping responses were planning, instrumental social support, adjusting to job responsibilities, positive evaluations, emotional social support, humor, wishful thinking, religion, mental or behavioral disengagement, activities outside the profession, and other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Certified graduate athletic training students should be encouraged to use problem-focused (eg, seeking advice, planning) and emotion-focused (eg, positive evaluations, humor) forms of coping with stress.
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