1
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Agustí J, Zhang XHH, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P. Autonomous Distribution of Programmable Multiqubit Entanglement in a Dual-Rail Quantum Network. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:250801. [PMID: 38181340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.250801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a scalable and fully autonomous scheme for preparing spatially distributed multiqubit entangled states in a dual-rail waveguide QED setup. In this approach, arrays of qubits located along two separated waveguides are illuminated by correlated photons from the output of a nondegenerate parametric amplifier. These photons drive the qubits into different classes of pure entangled steady states, for which the degree of multipartite entanglement can be conveniently adjusted by the chosen pattern of local qubit-photon detunings. Numerical simulations for moderate-sized networks show that the preparation time for these complex multiqubit states increases at most linearly with the system size and that one may benefit from an additional speedup in the limit of a large amplifier bandwidth. Therefore, this scheme offers an intriguing new route for distributing ready-to-use multipartite entangled states across large quantum networks, without requiring any precise pulse control and relying on a single Gaussian entanglement source only.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Agustí
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - X H H Zhang
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Y Minoguchi
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Rabl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Sáez-Blázquez R, de Bernardis D, Feist J, Rabl P. Can We Observe Nonperturbative Vacuum Shifts in Cavity QED? Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:013602. [PMID: 37478455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We address the fundamental question of whether or not it is possible to achieve conditions under which the coupling of a single dipole to a strongly confined electromagnetic vacuum can result in nonperturbative corrections to the dipole's ground state. To do so we consider two simplified, but otherwise rather generic cavity QED setups, which allow us to derive analytic expressions for the total ground-state energy and to distinguish explicitly between purely electrostatic and genuine vacuum-induced contributions. Importantly, this derivation takes the full electromagnetic spectrum into account while avoiding any ambiguities arising from an ad hoc mode truncation. Our findings show that while the effect of confinement per se is not enough to result in substantial vacuum-induced corrections, the presence of high-impedance modes, such as plasmons or engineered LC resonances, can drastically increase these effects. Therefore, we conclude that with appropriately designed experiments it is at least in principle possible to access a regime where light-matter interactions become nonperturbative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Sáez-Blázquez
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele de Bernardis
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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3
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Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease W, Arnold G, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. Entangling microwaves with light. Science 2023; 380:718-721. [PMID: 37200415 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sahu
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - L Qiu
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - W Hease
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - G Arnold
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Y Minoguchi
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - J M Fink
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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4
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Xiang ZL, Olivares DG, García-Ripoll JJ, Rabl P. Universal Time-Dependent Control Scheme for Realizing Arbitrary Linear Bosonic Transformations. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:050801. [PMID: 36800447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the implementation of arbitrary excitation-conserving linear transformations between two sets of N stationary bosonic modes, which are connected through a photonic quantum channel. By controlling the individual couplings between the modes and the channel, an initial N-partite quantum state in register A can be released as a multiphoton wave packet and, successively, be reabsorbed in register B. Here we prove that there exists a set of control pulses that implement this transfer with arbitrarily high fidelity and, simultaneously, realize a prespecified N×N unitary transformation between the two sets of modes. Moreover, we provide a numerical algorithm for constructing these control pulses and discuss the scaling and robustness of this protocol in terms of several illustrative examples. By being purely control-based and not relying on any adaptations of the underlying hardware, the presented scheme is extremely flexible and can find widespread applications, for example, for boson-sampling experiments, multiqubit state transfer protocols, or in continuous-variable quantum computing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Liang Xiang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | | | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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5
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De Bernardis D, Cian ZP, Carusotto I, Hafezi M, Rabl P. Light-Matter Interactions in Synthetic Magnetic Fields: Landau-Photon Polaritons. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:103603. [PMID: 33784168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study light-matter interactions in two-dimensional photonic systems in the presence of a spatially homogeneous synthetic magnetic field for light. Specifically, we consider one or more two-level emitters located in the bulk region of the lattice, where for increasing magnetic field the photonic modes change from extended plane waves to circulating Landau levels. This change has a drastic effect on the resulting emitter-field dynamics, which becomes intrinsically non-Markovian and chiral, leading to the formation of strongly coupled Landau-photon polaritons. The peculiar dynamical and spectral properties of these quasiparticles can be probed with state-of-the-art photonic lattices in the optical and the microwave domain and may find various applications for the quantum simulation of strongly interacting topological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Bernardis
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ze-Pei Cian
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
- The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Wang Z, Jaako T, Kirton P, Rabl P. Supercorrelated Radiance in Nonlinear Photonic Waveguides. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:213601. [PMID: 32530664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective decay of two-level emitters coupled to a nonlinear waveguide, for example, a nanophotonic lattice or a superconducting resonator array with strong photon-photon interactions. Under these conditions, a new decay channel into bound photon pairs emerges, through which spatial correlations between emitters are established by regular interference as well as interactions between the photons. We derive an effective Markovian theory to model the resulting decay dynamics of an arbitrary distribution of emitters and identify collective effects beyond the usual phenomena of super- and subradiance. Specifically, in the limit of many close-by emitters, we find that the system undergoes a supercorrelated decay process where all the emitters are either in the excited state or in the ground state but not in any of the intermediate states. The predicted effects can be probed in state-of-the-art waveguide QED experiments and provide a striking example of how the dynamics of open quantum systems can be modified by many-body effects in a nonharmonic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tuomas Jaako
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kirton
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Lemonde MA, Meesala S, Sipahigil A, Schuetz MJA, Lukin MD, Loncar M, Rabl P. Phonon Networks with Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Waveguides. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:213603. [PMID: 29883171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a novel realization of a solid-state quantum network, where separated silicon-vacancy centers are coupled via the phonon modes of a quasi-one-dimensional diamond waveguide. In our approach, quantum states encoded in long-lived electronic spin states can be converted into propagating phonon wave packets and be reabsorbed efficiently by a distant defect center. Our analysis shows that under realistic conditions, this approach enables the implementation of high-fidelity, scalable quantum communication protocols within chip-scale spin-qubit networks. Apart from quantum information processing, this setup constitutes a novel waveguide QED platform, where strong-coupling effects between solid-state defects and individual propagating phonons can be explored at the quantum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Lemonde
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - S Meesala
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Sipahigil
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M J A Schuetz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Loncar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Armata F, Calajo G, Jaako T, Kim MS, Rabl P. Harvesting Multiqubit Entanglement from Ultrastrong Interactions in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:183602. [PMID: 29219543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We analyze a multiqubit circuit QED system in the regime where the qubit-photon coupling dominates over the system's bare energy scales. Under such conditions a manifold of low-energy states with a high degree of entanglement emerges. Here we describe a time-dependent protocol for extracting these quantum correlations and converting them into well-defined multipartite entangled states of noninteracting qubits. Based on a combination of various ultrastrong-coupling effects, the protocol can be operated in a fast and robust manner, while still being consistent with experimental constraints on switching times and typical energy scales encountered in superconducting circuits. Therefore, our scheme can serve as a probe for otherwise inaccessible correlations in strongly coupled circuit QED systems. It also shows how such correlations can potentially be exploited as a resource for entanglement-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Armata
- QOLS and QuEST, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Calajo
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Jaako
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - M S Kim
- QOLS and QuEST, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Korea Institute of Advanced Study, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, South Korea
| | - P Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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9
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10
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Doppler J, Mailybaev AA, Böhm J, Kuhl U, Girschik A, Libisch F, Milburn TJ, Rabl P, Moiseyev N, Rotter S. Dynamically encircling an exceptional point for asymmetric mode switching. Nature 2016; 537:76-79. [PMID: 27454554 DOI: 10.1038/nature18605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Physical systems with loss or gain have resonant modes that decay or grow exponentially with time. Whenever two such modes coalesce both in their resonant frequency and their rate of decay or growth, an 'exceptional point' occurs, giving rise to fascinating phenomena that defy our physical intuition. Particularly intriguing behaviour is predicted to appear when an exceptional point is encircled sufficiently slowly, such as a state-flip or the accumulation of a geometric phase. The topological structure of exceptional points has been experimentally explored, but a full dynamical encircling of such a point and the associated breakdown of adiabaticity have remained out of reach of measurement. Here we demonstrate that a dynamical encircling of an exceptional point is analogous to the scattering through a two-mode waveguide with suitably designed boundaries and losses. We present experimental results from a corresponding waveguide structure that steers incoming waves around an exceptional point during the transmission process. In this way, mode transitions are induced that transform this device into a robust and asymmetric switch between different waveguide modes. This work will enable the exploration of exceptional point physics in system control and state transfer schemes at the crossroads between fundamental research and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Doppler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, A-1040, Austria
| | - Alexei A Mailybaev
- Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada-IMPA, 22460-320 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julian Böhm
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7336, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Ulrich Kuhl
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7336, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Adrian Girschik
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, A-1040, Austria
| | - Florian Libisch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, A-1040, Austria
| | - Thomas J Milburn
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna A-1020, Austria
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna A-1020, Austria
| | - Nimrod Moiseyev
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Faculty of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, A-1040, Austria
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11
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Li PB, Xiang ZL, Rabl P, Nori F. Hybrid Quantum Device with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Coupled to Carbon Nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:015502. [PMID: 27419577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.015502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show that nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond interfaced with a suspended carbon nanotube carrying a dc current can facilitate a spin-nanomechanical hybrid device. We demonstrate that strong magnetomechanical interactions between a single NV spin and the vibrational mode of the suspended nanotube can be engineered and dynamically tuned by external control over the system parameters. This spin-nanomechanical setup with strong, intrinsic, and tunable magnetomechanical couplings allows for the construction of hybrid quantum devices with NV centers and carbon-based nanostructures, as well as phonon-mediated quantum information processing with spin qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Bo Li
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ze-Liang Xiang
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franco Nori
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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12
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Marcos D, Widmer P, Rico E, Hafezi M, Rabl P, Wiese UJ, Zoller P. Two-dimensional lattice gauge theories with superconducting quantum circuits. Ann Phys (N Y) 2014; 351:634-654. [PMID: 25512676 PMCID: PMC4263216 DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A quantum simulator of [Formula: see text] lattice gauge theories can be implemented with superconducting circuits. This allows the investigation of confined and deconfined phases in quantum link models, and of valence bond solid and spin liquid phases in quantum dimer models. Fractionalized confining strings and the real-time dynamics of quantum phase transitions are accessible as well. Here we show how state-of-the-art superconducting technology allows us to simulate these phenomena in relatively small circuit lattices. By exploiting the strong non-linear couplings between quantized excitations emerging when superconducting qubits are coupled, we show how to engineer gauge invariant Hamiltonians, including ring-exchange and four-body Ising interactions. We demonstrate that, despite decoherence and disorder effects, minimal circuit instances allow us to investigate properties such as the dynamics of electric flux strings, signaling confinement in gauge invariant field theories. The experimental realization of these models in larger superconducting circuits could address open questions beyond current computational capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Marcos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P. Widmer
- Albert Einstein Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Bern University, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E. Rico
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P. Rabl
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | - U.-J. Wiese
- Albert Einstein Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Bern University, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Zou LJ, Marcos D, Diehl S, Putz S, Schmiedmayer J, Majer J, Rabl P. Implementation of the Dicke lattice model in hybrid quantum system arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:023603. [PMID: 25062180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Generalized Dicke models can be implemented in hybrid quantum systems built from ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond coupled to superconducting microwave cavities. By engineering cavity assisted Raman transitions between two spin states of the NV defect, a fully tunable model for collective light-matter interactions in the ultrastrong coupling limit can be obtained. Our analysis of the resulting nonequilibrium phases for a single cavity and for coupled cavity arrays shows that different superradiant phase transitions can be observed using existing experimental technologies, even in the presence of large inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble. The phase diagram of the Dicke lattice model displays distinct features induced by dissipation, which can serve as a genuine experimental signature for phase transitions in driven open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Zou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Marcos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Diehl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Putz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schmiedmayer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Majer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Abstract
We describe a new and experimentally feasible protocol for performing fundamental tests of quantum mechanics with massive objects. In our approach, a single two-level system is used to probe the motion of a nanomechanical resonator via multiple Ramsey interference measurements. This scheme enables the measurement of modular variables of macroscopic continuous-variable systems; we show that correlations thereof violate a Leggett-Garg inequality and can be applied for tests of quantum contextuality. Our method can be implemented with a variety of different solid-state or photonic qubit-resonator systems, and it provides a clear experimental signature to distinguish the predictions of quantum mechanics from those of other alternative theories at a macroscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asadian
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | - C Brukner
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Rabl
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
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15
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Marcos D, Rabl P, Rico E, Zoller P. Superconducting circuits for quantum simulation of dynamical gauge fields. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:110504. [PMID: 24074064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a superconducting-circuit lattice design for the implementation and simulation of dynamical lattice gauge theories. We illustrate our proposal by analyzing a one-dimensional U(1) quantum-link model, where superconducting qubits play the role of matter fields on the lattice sites and the gauge fields are represented by two coupled microwave resonators on each link between neighboring sites. A detailed analysis of a minimal experimental protocol for probing the physics related to string breaking effects shows that, despite the presence of decoherence in these systems, distinctive phenomena from condensed-matter and high-energy physics can be visualized with state-of-the-art technology in small superconducting-circuit arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marcos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Bennett SD, Yao NY, Otterbach J, Zoller P, Rabl P, Lukin MD. Phonon-induced spin-spin interactions in diamond nanostructures: application to spin squeezing. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:156402. [PMID: 25167289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.156402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a novel mechanism for long-range spin-spin interactions in diamond nanostructures. The interactions between electronic spins, associated with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, are mediated by their coupling via strain to the vibrational mode of a diamond mechanical nanoresonator. This coupling results in phonon-mediated effective spin-spin interactions that can be used to generate squeezed states of a spin ensemble. We show that spin dephasing and relaxation can be largely suppressed, allowing for substantial spin squeezing under realistic experimental conditions. Our approach has implications for spin-ensemble magnetometry, as well as phonon-mediated quantum information processing with spin qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Bennett
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N Y Yao
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Otterbach
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Rabl
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Stannigel K, Komar P, Habraken SJM, Bennett SD, Lukin MD, Zoller P, Rabl P. Optomechanical quantum information processing with photons and phonons. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:013603. [PMID: 23031105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.013603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe how strong resonant interactions in multimode optomechanical systems can be used to induce controlled nonlinear couplings between single photons and phonons. Combined with linear mapping schemes between photons and phonons, these techniques provide a universal building block for various classical and quantum information processing applications. Our approach is especially suited for nano-optomechanical devices, where strong optomechanical interactions on a single photon level are within experimental reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stannigel
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Kolkowitz S, Bleszynski Jayich AC, Unterreithmeier QP, Bennett SD, Rabl P, Harris JGE, Lukin MD. Coherent Sensing of a Mechanical Resonator with a Single-Spin Qubit. Science 2012; 335:1603-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1216821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Kolkowitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Rabl
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Science, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. G. E. Harris
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikhail D. Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Abstract
We describe a new approach for on-chip optical non-reciprocity which makes use of strong optomechanical interaction in microring resonators. By optically pumping the ring resonator in one direction, the optomechanical coupling is only enhanced in that direction, and consequently, the system exhibits a non-reciprocal response. For different configurations, this system can function either as an optical isolator or a coherent non-reciprocal phase shifter. We show that the operation of such a device on the level of single-photon could be achieved with existing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Abstract
We analyze the photon statistics of a weakly driven optomechanical system and discuss the effect of photon blockade under single-photon strong coupling conditions. We present an intuitive interpretation of this effect in terms of displaced oscillator states and derive analytic expressions for the cavity excitation spectrum and the two-photon correlation function g(2)(0). Our results predict the appearance of nonclassical photon correlations in the combined strong coupling and sideband resolved regime and provide a first detailed understanding of photon-photon interactions in strong coupling optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rabl
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Stannigel K, Rabl P, Sørensen AS, Zoller P, Lukin MD. Optomechanical transducers for long-distance quantum communication. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:220501. [PMID: 21231374 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.220501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new scheme to interconvert stationary and photonic qubits which is based on indirect qubit-light interactions mediated by a mechanical resonator. This approach does not rely on the specific optical response of the qubit and thereby enables optical quantum interfaces for a wide range of solid state spin and charge based systems. We discuss the implementation of state transfer protocols between distant nodes of a quantum network and show that high transfer fidelities can be achieved under realistic experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stannigel
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Gorshkov AV, Rabl P, Pupillo G, Micheli A, Zoller P, Lukin MD, Büchler HP. Suppression of inelastic collisions between polar molecules with a repulsive shield. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:073201. [PMID: 18764530 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a technique that allows one to suppress inelastic collisions and simultaneously enhance elastic interactions between cold polar molecules. The main idea is to cancel the leading dipole-dipole interaction with a suitable combination of static electric and microwave fields in such a way that the remaining van der Waals-type potential forms a three-dimensional repulsive shield. We analyze the elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections relevant for evaporative cooling of polar molecules and discuss the prospect for the creation of stable crystalline structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Gorshkov
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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23
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Rabl P, DeMille D, Doyle JM, Lukin MD, Schoelkopf RJ, Zoller P. Hybrid quantum processors: molecular ensembles as quantum memory for solid state circuits. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:033003. [PMID: 16907499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a hybrid quantum circuit where ensembles of cold polar molecules serve as long-lived quantum memories and optical interfaces for solid state quantum processors. The quantum memory realized by collective spin states (ensemble qubit) is coupled to a high-Q stripline cavity via microwave Raman processes. We show that, for convenient trap-surface distances of a few microm, strong coupling between the cavity and ensemble qubit can be achieved. We discuss basic quantum information protocols, including a swap from the cavity photon bus to the molecular quantum memory, and a deterministic two qubit gate. Finally, we investigate coherence properties of molecular ensemble quantum bits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rabl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Bushev P, Rotter D, Wilson A, Dubin F, Becher C, Eschner J, Blatt R, Steixner V, Rabl P, Zoller P. Feedback cooling of a single trapped ion. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:043003. [PMID: 16486818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.043003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on a real-time measurement of the motion of a single ion in a Paul trap, we demonstrate its electromechanical cooling below the Doppler limit by homodyne feedback control (cold damping). The feedback cooling results are well described by a model based on a quantum mechanical master equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bushev
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Abstract
We present a generic model of coupling quantum-optical and solid-state qubits, and the corresponding transfer protocols. The example discussed is a trapped ion coupled to a charge qubit (e.g., Cooper pair box). To enhance the coupling and to achieve compatibility between the different experimental setups we introduce a superconducting cavity as the connecting element.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Rabl P, Daley AJ, Fedichev PO, Cirac JI, Zoller P. Defect-suppressed atomic crystals in an optical lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:110403. [PMID: 14525407 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a coherent filtering scheme which dramatically reduces the site occupation number defects for atoms in an optical lattice by transferring a chosen number of atoms to a different internal state via adiabatic passage. With the addition of superlattices it is possible to engineer states with a specific number of atoms per site (atomic crystals), which are required for quantum computation and the realization of models from condensed matter physics, including doping and spatial patterns. The same techniques can be used to measure two-body spatial correlation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rabl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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