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Olashore AA, Molebatsi K, Musindo O, Bojosi K, Obadia I, Molefe-Baikai OJ, Tshitenge S, Opondo P. Psychosocial predictors of anxiety and depression in a sample of healthcare workers in Botswana during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221085095. [PMID: 35342632 PMCID: PMC8941707 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221085095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19
outbreak on healthcare workers across multiple hospitals in different
districts in Botswana. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in five public-funded hospitals from
three districts in Botswana from 1 June 2020 to 30 October 2020. We used the
neuroticism subscale of the 44-item Big Five Inventory, Patient Health
Questionnaire, the Oslo 3-item Social Support Scale, the Anxiety Rating
Scale, and the 14-item Resilience Scale to obtain data from 355 healthcare
workers. Results: The participants’ mean age (standard deviation) was 33.77 (6.84) years. More
females (207, 59%) responded than males (144, 41%). Anxiety and depression
were experienced by 14% and 23% of the participants, respectively. After
multiple regression analyses, neuroticism predicted depression
(B = 0.22; p < 0.01) and anxiety
disorder (B = 0.31; p < 0.01). Lower
educational status (B = −0.13; p = 0.007)
predicted anxiety and younger age (B = −0.10;
p = 0.038) predicted depression, while resilience
negatively correlated with both disorders. Conclusion: There is a need to develop and implement interventions targeted at these
identified risk and protective factors that can be easily delivered to
healthcare workers during this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Olashore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Keneilwe Molebatsi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Otsetswe Musindo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kagiso Bojosi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Isaac Obadia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Onkabetse Julia Molefe-Baikai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Stephane Tshitenge
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Philip Opondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Godman B, Grobler C, Van-De-Lisle M, Wale J, Barbosa WB, Massele A, Opondo P, Petrova G, Tachkov K, Sefah I, Abdulsalim S, Alrasheedy AA, Unnikrishnan MK, Garuoliene K, Bamitale K, Kibuule D, Kalemeera F, Fadare J, Khan TA, Hussain S, Bochenek T, Kalungia AC, Mwanza J, Martin AP, Hill R, Barbui C. Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder type II: addressing multiple symptoms and approaches with a particular emphasis on strategies in lower and middle-income countries. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 20:2237-2255. [PMID: 31762343 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1684473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Appropriately managing mental disorders is a growing priority across countries in view of the impact on morbidity and mortality. This includes patients with bipolar disorders (BD). Management of BD is a concern as this is a complex disease with often misdiagnosis, which is a major issue in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) with typically a limited number of trained personnel and resources. This needs to be addressed.Areas covered: Medicines are the cornerstone of managing patients with Bipolar II across countries including LMICs. The choice of medicines, especially antipsychotics, is important in LMICs with high rates of diabetes and HIV. However, care is currently compromised in LMICs by issues such as the stigma, cultural beliefs, a limited number of trained professionals and high patient co-payments.Expert opinion: Encouragingly, some LMICs have introduced guidelines for patients with BD; however, this is very variable. Strategies for the future include addressing the lack of national guidelines for patients with BD, improving resources for mental disorders including personnel, improving medicine availability and patients' rights, and monitoring prescribing against agreed guidelines. A number of strategies have been identified to improve the treatment of patients with Bipolar II in LMICs, and will be followed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Godman
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedicial Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa.,Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christoffel Grobler
- Elizabeth Donkin Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.,Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa.,Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Janney Wale
- Independent consumer advocate, Brunswick, Australia
| | - Wallace Breno Barbosa
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amos Massele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Philip Opondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Tachkov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Israel Sefah
- Department of Pharmacy, Keta Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Keta, Ghana
| | - Suhaj Abdulsalim
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Kristina Garuoliene
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania and Ministry of Health, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kayode Bamitale
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Dan Kibuule
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Francis Kalemeera
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Joseph Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Tomasz Bochenek
- Department of Drug Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - James Mwanza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Antony P Martin
- Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK.,HCD Economics, The Innovation Centre, Daresbury, UK
| | - Ruaraidh Hill
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Whelan Building, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona Italy
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Olashore A, Ayugi J, Opondo P. Prescribing pattern of psychotropic medications in child psychiatric practice in a mental referral hospital in Botswana. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 26:83. [PMID: 28491214 PMCID: PMC5410012 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.83.11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing preference for psycho-pharmacological therapy over non-pharmacological care. The prescription pattern and the choice of psychotropic medications vary in different settings. Whilst newer agents and rational prescribing are favored in the more specialized settings, the pattern remains unclear in less specialized units, largely due to lack of data. The aims were to conduct a treatment audit in the only mental referral hospital in Botswana, which is a non-specialized child and adolescent care setting and see how it conforms to best practice. METHODS A retrospective audit which involved the extraction of socio-demographic and clinical information from the records of patients who were ≤ 17 years and seen from January 1, 2012-July 31, 2016. RESULTS A total of 238 files were used for this report. Mean age (SD) was 12.41 (4.1) years. Of the 120 (50.4%) patients who had pharmacological intervention, only 85(70.8%) had monotherapy. The most commonly prescribed psychotropic agents were antipsychotics (40%). Off-label use of antipsychotics and polypharmacy were 31.2% and 29.2% respectively. CONCLUSION The level of conformity to standard practice in terms of psychotropic prescribing in our setting is consistent with the reports from developed countries where more specialized care ostensibly exists. Further studies will be necessary to determine the scope of psychotropic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Olashore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana Medical School, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - James Ayugi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana Medical School, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Philip Opondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana Medical School, Gaborone, Botswana
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Sidandi P, Opondo P, Tidimane S. Mental health in Botswana. Int Psychiatry 2011; 8:66-68. [PMID: 31508089 PMCID: PMC6735029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Botswana is a landlocked country located in southern Africa. More than two-thirds of it (70%) is covered by the Kalahari Desert, known locally as the Kgalagadi. The majority (82%) of the nearly 2 million population live in the eastern part, along the railway line from Lobatse in the south-east to Francistown in the north-east, and the rest in the central part, including the Okavango River delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sidandi
- Senior Consultant Psychiatrist, Jubilee Psychiatric Unit, Nyangabgwe Hospital, Francistown, Botswana, email
| | - Philip Opondo
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Jubilee Psychiatric Unit, Nyangabgwe Hospital, Francistown, Botswana
| | - Sebonetse Tidimane
- Nursing Superintendent, Jubilee Psychiatric Unit, Nyangabgwe Hospital, Francistown, Botswana
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