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Schadte P, Rademacher F, Andresen G, Hellfritzsch M, Qiu H, Maschkowitz G, Gläser R, Heinemann N, Drücke D, Fickenscher H, Scherließ R, Harder J, Adelung R, Siebert L. 3D-printed wound dressing platform for protein administration based on alginate and zinc oxide tetrapods. Nano Converg 2023; 10:53. [PMID: 37971675 PMCID: PMC10654273 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Wound treatment requires a plethora of independent properties. Hydration, anti-bacterial properties, oxygenation and patient-specific drug delivery all contribute to the best possible wound healing. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a set of techniques to realize individually adapted wound dressings with open porous structure from biomedically optimized materials. To include all the desired properties into the so-called bioinks is still challenging. In this work, a bioink system based on anti-bacterial zinc oxide tetrapods (t-ZnO) and biocompatible sodium alginate is presented. Additive manufacturing of these hydrogels with high t-ZnO content (up to 15 wt.%) could be realized. Additionally, protein adsorption on the t-ZnO particles was evaluated to test their suitability as carriers for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Open porous and closed cell printed wound dressings were tested for their cell and skin compatibility and anti-bacterial properties. In these categories, the open porous constructs exhibited protruding t-ZnO arms and proved to be anti-bacterial. Dermatological tests on ex vivo skin showed no negative influence of the alginate wound dressing on the skin, making this bioink an ideal carrier and evaluation platform for APIs in wound treatment and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schadte
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department for Material Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Rademacher
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerrit Andresen
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marie Hellfritzsch
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Haoyi Qiu
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department for Material Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Maschkowitz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Heinemann
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Drücke
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science - KiNSIS, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department for Material Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science - KiNSIS, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Leonard Siebert
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department for Material Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science - KiNSIS, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Teegen IS, Schadte P, Wille S, Adelung R, Siebert L, Kern M. Comparison of properties and cost efficiency of zirconia processed by DIW printing, casting and CAD/CAM-milling. Dent Mater 2023; 39:669-676. [PMID: 37230861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and cost efficiency of direct ink writing (DIW) printing of two different zirconia inks compared to casting and subtractive manufacturing. METHODS Zirconia disks were manufactured by DIW printing and the casting process and divided into six subgroups (n = 20) according to sintering temperatures (1350 °C, 1450 °C and 1550 °C) and two different ink compositions (Ink 1, Ink 2). A CAD/CAM-milled high strength zirconia (3Y-TZP) was added as reference group. The biaxial flexural strength (BFS) was measured using the piston-on-three-balls test. X-ray-diffraction (XRD) was used for microstructural analysis. The cost efficiency was compared for DIW printing and subtractive manufacturing by calculation of the manufacturing costs of one dental crown. RESULTS Using XRD, monoclinic and tetragonal phases were detected for Ink 1, for all other groups no monoclinic phase was detected. The CAD/CAM-milled ceramic showed a significantly higher BFS than all other groups. The BFS of Ink 2 was significantly higher than the BFS of Ink 1. At a sintering temperature of 1550 °C the mean BFS of the printed Ink 2 was 822 ± 174 MPa. The BFS of the cast materials did not show a significantly higher BFS than the corresponding printed group for any tested parameter-set. The manufacturing costs of DIW printed crowns are lower than the manufacturing costs of CAD/CAM-milled crowns. CONCLUSION DIW has a high potential to replace subtractive processes for dental applications, as it shows promising mechanical properties for appropriate ink compositions and facilitates a highly cost effective production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell-Sophie Teegen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Philipp Schadte
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Leonard Siebert
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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