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Peet PLVD, Joyce RD, Ott H, Marcuccio SM, White JM, Williams SJ. Synthesis and structure of clozapine N-oxide hemi(hydrochloride): an infinite hydrogen-bonded poly[ n]catenane. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:1056-1060. [PMID: 36250113 PMCID: PMC9535830 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022009306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The recrystallization of clozapine N-oxide hydrochloride from a range of solvents leads to the loss of half an equivalent of HCl and the formation of single crystals of a hydrogen-bond-linked poly[n]catenane of clozapine N-oxide hemihydrochloride. The structure of the title compound, 2C18H19ClN4O·HCl or (CNO)2·HCl (C36H39Cl3N8O2), at 100 K has tetragonal (I4/m) symmetry. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings of the fused ring system of the CNO molecule is 40.08 (6)° and the equivalent angle between the seven-membered ring and its pendant N-oxide ring is 31.14 (7)°. The structure contains a very strong, symmetrical O—H⋯O hydrogen bond [O⋯O = 2.434 (2) Å] between two equivalent R3N+—O− moieties, which share a proton lying on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. These units then form a (CNO)4·(HCl)2 ring by way of two equivalent N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds (Cl− site symmetry m). These rings are catenated into infinite chains propagating along the c-axis direction by way of shape complementarity and directional C—H⋯N and C—H⋯π interactions.
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2
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Kaur A, van der Peet PL, Mui JWY, Herisse M, Pidot S, Williams SJ. Genome sequences of Arthrobacter spp. that use a modified sulfoglycolytic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:193. [PMID: 35201431 PMCID: PMC8873060 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoglycolysis pathways enable the breakdown of the sulfosugar sulfoquinovose and environmental recycling of its carbon and sulfur content. The prototypical sulfoglycolytic pathway is a variant of the classical Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway that results in formation of 2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonate and was first described in gram-negative Escherichia coli. We used enrichment cultures to discover new sulfoglycolytic bacteria from Australian soil samples. Two gram-positive Arthrobacter spp. were isolated that produced sulfolactate as the metabolic end-product. Genome sequences identified a modified sulfoglycolytic EMP gene cluster, conserved across a range of other Actinobacteria, that retained the core sulfoglycolysis genes encoding metabolic enzymes but featured the replacement of the gene encoding sulfolactaldehyde (SLA) reductase with SLA dehydrogenase, and the absence of sulfoquinovosidase and sulfoquinovose mutarotase genes. Excretion of sulfolactate by these Arthrobacter spp. is consistent with an aerobic saprophytic lifestyle. This work broadens our knowledge of the sulfo-EMP pathway to include soil bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Kaur
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Janice W-Y Mui
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marion Herisse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Sacha Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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3
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Burchill L, Zudich L, van der Peet PL, White JM, Williams SJ. Synthesis of the Alkylsulfonate Metabolites Cysteinolic Acid, 3-Amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate, and 2,3-Dihydroxypropanesulfonate. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4333-4342. [PMID: 35199527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral hydroxy- and aminohydroxysulfonic acids are widespread in the marine and terrestrial environment. Here we report simple methods for the synthesis of d- and l-cysteinolic acid (from (Boc-d-Cys-OH)2 and (Boc-l-Cys-OH)2, respectively), R- and S-3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate (from S- and R-epichlorohydrin, respectively), and R- and S-2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonate (from S- and R-epichlorohydrin, respectively). d-Cysteinolate bile salts were generated by coupling with cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. A series of single-crystal 3D X-ray structures confirmed the absolute configurations of the aminosulfonates. By comparison of optical rotation, we assign naturally occurring 3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate from Gateloupia livida as possessing the R-configuration. This simple synthetic approach will support future studies of the occurrence, chemotaxonomic distribution, and metabolism of these alkylsulfonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Burchill
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Luca Zudich
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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4
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van der Peet PL, Gunawan C, Watanabe M, Yamasaki S, Williams SJ. Correction to “Synthetic β-1,2-Mannosyloxymannitol Glycolipid from the Fungus Malassezia pachydermatis Signals through Human Mincle”. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9393-9394. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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van der Peet PL, Gunawan C, Watanabe M, Yamasaki S, Williams SJ. Synthetic β-1,2-Mannosyloxymannitol Glycolipid from the Fungus Malassezia pachydermatis Signals through Human Mincle. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6788-6797. [PMID: 31046282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mincle is a C-type lectin receptor of the innate immune system with the ability to sense pathogens and commensals through lipidic metabolites. While a growing number of bacterial glycolipids have been discovered that can signal through human Mincle, no fungal metabolites are known that can signal through the human form of this receptor. We report the total synthesis of a complex β-1,2-mannosyloxymannitol glycolipid from Malassezia pachydermatis 44-2, which was reported to signal through the murine Mincle receptor. Assembly of 44-2 was achieved through a highly convergent route that exploits symmetry elements inherent within this molecule and delineation of conditions that maintain the delicate l-mannitol triester-triol array. We show that 44-2 is a potent agonist of human Mincle signaling and constitutes the first fungal metabolite identified that can signal through the human Mincle receptor, providing new insights into antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia 3010
| | - Christian Gunawan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia 3010
| | | | | | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia 3010
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6
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van der Peet PL, Sandanayake S, Jarrott B, Williams SJ. Discovery of N-Aryloxypropylbenzylamines as Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V 1.2-Subtype-Selective Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:570-582. [PMID: 30676691 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a lipophilic N-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylbenzyl) derivative (1) of the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker mexiletine, was a more potent sodium channel blocker in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that replacing the chiral methylethylene linker between the amine and di-tert-butylphenol with an achiral 1,3-propylene linker (to give (2)) maintains potency in vitro. We synthesized 25 analogues bearing the 1,3-propylene linker and found that minor structural changes resulted in pronounced changes in state dependence of blocking human NaV 1.2 and 1.6 channels by high-throughput patch-clamp analysis. Compared to mexiletine, compounds 1 and 2 are highly selective NaV 1.2 inhibitors and >500 times less potent in inhibiting NaV 1.6 channels. On the other hand, a derivative (compound 4) bearing 2,6-dimethoxy groups in place of the 2,6-dimethyl groups found in mexiletine was found to be the most potent inhibitor, but is nonselective against both channels in the tonic, frequency-dependent and inactivated states. In a kindled mouse model of refractory epilepsy, compound 2 inhibited seizures induced by 6 Hz 44 mA electrical stimulation with an IC50 value of 49.9±1.6 mg kg-1 . As established sodium channel blockers do not suppress seizures in this mouse model, this indicates that 2 could be a promising candidate for treating pharmaco-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Saman Sandanayake
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bevyn Jarrott
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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7
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Abayakoon P, Epa R, Petricevic M, Bengt C, Mui JWY, van der Peet PL, Zhang Y, Lingford JP, White JM, Goddard-Borger ED, Williams SJ. Comprehensive Synthesis of Substrates, Intermediates, and Products of the Sulfoglycolytic Embden–Meyerhoff–Parnas Pathway. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2901-2910. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James P. Lingford
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Ethan D. Goddard-Borger
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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8
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van der Peet PL, Gunawan C, Abdul-Ridha A, Ma S, Scott DJ, Gundlach AL, Bathgate RAD, White JM, Williams SJ. Gram scale preparation of clozapine N-oxide (CNO), a synthetic small molecule actuator for muscarinic acetylcholine DREADDs. MethodsX 2018; 5:257-267. [PMID: 30038895 PMCID: PMC6053635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemogenetics uses engineered proteins that are controlled by small molecule actuators, allowing in vivo functional studies of proteins with temporal and dose control, and include Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). One major class of DREADDs are mutated muscarinic receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, and are activated by administration of clozapine N-oxide (CNO). However, CNO is available in only small amounts and large scale studies involving animals and multiple cohorts are prohibitively expensive for many investigators. The precursor, clozapine, is also expensive when purchased from specialist suppliers. Here we report: A simple extraction method of clozapine from commercial tablets; A simple preparation of CNO from clozapine, and for the first time its single-crystal X-ray structure; and That the CNO prepared by this method specifically activates the DREADD receptor hM3Dq in vivo.
This method provides large quantities of CNO suitable for large-scale DREADD applications that is identical to commercial material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christian Gunawan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alaa Abdul-Ridha
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sherie Ma
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel J Scott
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Andrew L Gundlach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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9
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van der Peet PL, Nagata M, Shah S, White JM, Yamasaki S, Williams SJ. Lipid structure influences the ability of glucose monocorynomycolate to signal through Mincle. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9267-9277. [PMID: 27714279 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mincle (macrophage-inducible C-type lectin) is a C-type lectin receptor that provides the capacity for immune sensing of a range of pathogen- and commensal-derived glycolipids. Mincle can recognize mycolic and/or corynomycolic acid esters of trehalose, glycerol and glucose from mycobacteria and corynebacteria. While simple straight-chain long fatty acids (e.g. behenic acid) can substitute for mycolic acid on trehalose and glycerol and maintain robust signalling through Mincle, glucose monobehenate has been reported to be much less active than glucose monocorynomycolate (GMCM). We report the preparation of a range of analogues of GMCM to explore structural requirements in the lipid chain for signalling through Mincle. GMCM analogues bearing simple straight chain or branched fatty acid esters provided only weak signalling through human and mouse Mincle. A GMCM variant with a truncated (pentyl) α-chain provided attenuated signalling, whereas an analogue with an extended (tricosyl; C23) α-chain signalled as potently as GMCM. This work suggests that Mincle has the ability to survey mycolate-derived glycolipids from actinomycetes, distinguishing non-pathogenic (e.g. Rhodococcus spp.) and pathogenic (e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis) species on the basis of α-chain length. Finally, an α-phenyldodecyl analogue of GMCM possessed similar potency to GMCM and was only slightly less potent than trehalose dimycolate (cord factor), showing that large functional groups may be tolerated in the α-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010 Australia.
| | - Masahiro Nagata
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayali Shah
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010 Australia.
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010 Australia.
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010 Australia.
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10
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Burugupalli S, Shah S, van der Peet PL, Arora S, White JM, Williams SJ. Investigation of benzoyloximes as benzoylating reagents: benzoyl-Oxyma as a selective benzoylating reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:97-104. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzoyl-Oxyma is a highly crystalline, readily prepared, safer alternative to benzoyloxybenzotriazole, useful in the selective benzoylation of carbohydrate polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvika Burugupalli
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia 3010
| | - Sayali Shah
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia 3010
| | - Phillip L. van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia 3010
| | - Seep Arora
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia 3010
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia 3010
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia 3010
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11
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Yamaryo-Botte Y, Rainczuk AK, Lea-Smith DJ, Brammananth R, van der Peet PL, Meikle P, Ralton JE, Rupasinghe TWT, Williams SJ, Coppel RL, Crellin PK, McConville MJ. Acetylation of trehalose mycolates is required for efficient MmpL-mediated membrane transport in Corynebacterineae. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:734-46. [PMID: 25427102 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic species of Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, synthesize complex cell walls that are rich in very long-chain mycolic acids. These fatty acids are synthesized on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane and are subsequently transported to the periplasmic space as trehalose monomycolates (TMM), where they are conjugated to other cell wall components and to TMM to form trehalose dimycolates (TDM). Mycobacterial TMM, and the equivalent Corynebacterium glutamicum trehalose corynomycolates (TMCM), are transported across the inner membrane by MmpL3, or NCgl0228 and NCgl2769, respectively, although little is known about how this process is regulated. Here, we show that transient acetylation of the mycolyl moiety of TMCM is required for periplasmic export. A bioinformatic search identified a gene in a cell wall biosynthesis locus encoding a putative acetyltransferase (M. tuberculosis Rv0228/C. glutamicum NCgl2759) that was highly conserved in all sequenced Corynebacterineae. Deletion of C. glutamicum NCgl2759 resulted in the accumulation of TMCM, with a concomitant reduction in surface transport of this glycolipid and syntheses of cell wall trehalose dicorynomycolates. Strikingly, loss of NCgl2759 was associated with a defect in the synthesis of a minor, and previously uncharacterized, glycolipid species. This lipid was identified as trehalose monoacetylcorynomycolate (AcTMCM) by mass spectrometry and chemical synthesis of the authentic standard. The in vitro synthesis of AcTMCM was dependent on acetyl-CoA, whereas in vivo [(14)C]-acetate pulse-chase labeling showed that this lipid was rapidly synthesized and turned over in wild-type and genetically complemented bacterial strains. Significantly, the biochemical and TMCM/TDCM transport phenotype observed in the ΔNCgl2759 mutant was phenocopied by inhibition of the activities of the two C. glutamicum MmpL3 homologues. Collectively, these data suggest that NCgl2759 is a novel TMCM mycolyl acetyltransferase (TmaT) that regulates transport of TMCM and is a potential drug target in pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Meikle
- Metabolomics
Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial
Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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12
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van der Peet PL, Gunawan C, Torigoe S, Yamasaki S, Williams SJ. Corynomycolic acid-containing glycolipids signal through the pattern recognition receptor Mincle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5100-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose monocorynomycolate is revealed to signal through both mouse and human Mincle. Glycerol monocorynomycolate is shown to selectively signal through human Mincle, with the activity residing predominantly in the 2′S-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L. van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Christian Gunawan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Shota Torigoe
- Division of Molecular Immunology
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Australia
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13
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van der Peet PL, Connell TU, Gunawan C, White JM, Donnelly PS, Williams SJ. A click chemistry approach to 5,5'-disubstituted-3,3'-bisisoxazoles from dichloroglyoxime and alkynes: luminescent organometallic iridium and rhenium bisisoxazole complexes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7298-304. [PMID: 23777255 DOI: 10.1021/jo4008755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5,5'-Disubstituted-3,3'-bisisoxazoles are prepared in one step by the dropwise addition of aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate to a mixture of dichloroglyoxime and terminal alkynes. The reaction exhibits a striking preference for the 5,5'-disubstituted 3,3'-bisisoxazole over the 4,5'-regioisomer. Organometallic iridium and rhenium bisisoxazole complexes are luminescent with emission wavelengths varying depending upon the identity of the 5,5'-substituent (phenyl, butyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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