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Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Villa I, Cova F, Crapanzano R, Frank I, Pagano F, Kratochwill N, Auffray E, Bracco S, Vedda A, Dujardin C, Sozzani PE, Meinardi F, Comotti A, Monguzzi A. Highly luminescent scintillating hetero-ligand MOF nanocrystals with engineered Stokes shift for photonic applications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3504. [PMID: 35715391 PMCID: PMC9205964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Large Stokes shift fast emitters show a negligible reabsorption of their luminescence, a feature highly desirable for several applications such as fluorescence imaging, solar-light managing, and fabricating sensitive scintillating detectors for medical imaging and high-rate high-energy physics experiments. Here we obtain high efficiency luminescence with significant Stokes shift by exploiting fluorescent conjugated acene building blocks arranged in nanocrystals. Two ligands of equal molecular length and connectivity, yet complementary electronic properties, are co-assembled by zirconium oxy-hydroxy clusters, generating crystalline hetero-ligand metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals. The diffusion of singlet excitons within the MOF and the matching of ligands absorption and emission properties enables an ultrafast activation of the low energy emission in the 100 ps time scale. The hybrid nanocrystals show a fluorescence quantum efficiency of ~60% and a Stokes shift as large as 750 meV (~6000 cm−1), which suppresses the emission reabsorption also in bulk devices. The fabricated prototypal nanocomposite fast scintillator shows benchmark performances which compete with those of some inorganic and organic commercial systems. The development of highly luminescent materials such as large Stokes shift fast emitters is desirable for their potential application in photonics. Here the authors engineer hetero-ligand metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles to achieve high emission yield, large Stokes shift and realize a prototypal fast scintillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perego
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - I Villa
- FZU Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Cova
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - R Crapanzano
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - I Frank
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich, Germany
| | - F Pagano
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Dipartimento di Fisica "Giuseppe Occhialini", Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - N Kratochwill
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - S Bracco
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - A Vedda
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - C Dujardin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - P E Sozzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - F Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - A Comotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
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Perego J, Pedrini J, Bezuidenhout CX, Sozzani PE, Meinardi F, Bracco S, Comotti A, Monguzzi A. Engineering Porous Emitting Framework Nanoparticles with Integrated Sensitizers for Low-Power Photon Upconversion by Triplet Fusion. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1903309. [PMID: 31441141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of low-energy light into photons of higher energy based on sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (sTTA) upconversion is emerging as the most promising wavelength-shifting methodology because it operates efficiently at excitation powers as low as the solar irradiance. However, the production of solid-state upconverters suited for direct integration in devices is still an ongoing challenge owing to the difficulties concerning the organization of two complementary moieties, the triplet sensitizer, and the annihilator, which must interact efficiently. This problem is solved by fabricating porous fluorescent nanoparticles wherein the emitters are integrated into robust covalent architectures. These emitting porous aromatic framework (ePAF) nanoparticles allow intimate interaction with the included metallo-porphyrin as triplet sensitizers. Remarkably, the high concentration of framed chromophores ensures hopping-mediated triplet diffusion required for TTA, yet the low density of the framework promotes their high optical features without quenching effects, typical of the solid state. A green-to-blue photon upconversion yield as high as 15% is achieved: a record performance among annihilators in a condensed phase. Furthermore, the engineered ePAF architecture containing covalently linked sensitizers produces full-fledge solid-state bicomponent particles that behave as autonomous nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pedrini
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Piero E Sozzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
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