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Girault-Sotias PE, De Mota N, Llorens-Cortès C. [Physiological role of the apelin receptor: implication in body fluid homeostasis and hyponatremia]. Biol Aujourdhui 2022; 215:119-132. [PMID: 35275056 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apelin, a vasoactive neuropeptide, its receptor and arginine-vasopressin (AVP, antidiuretic hormone) are co-localized in magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons. In the kidney, the apelin receptor is present in glomerular arterioles and the collecting duct (CD) where the AVP type 2 (V2-R) receptors are located. Apelin exerts an aquaretic action both by its inhibitory effect on the phasic electrical activity of vasopressinergic neurons and the secretion of AVP into the bloodstream and by its direct actions at the kidney level resulting in an increase in the renal microcirculation and the inhibition of the antidiuretic effect of AVP mediated by V2-R in the CD. Plasma apelin and AVP are conversely regulated by osmotic stimuli in both humans and rodents, showing that apelin is involved with AVP in maintaining body fluid homeostasis. Clinically, in patients with inappropriate antidiuresis syndrome (SIAD), the apelin/AVP balance is altered, which contributes to water metabolism defect. Activation of the apelin receptor by the metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, that increases aqueous diuresis and moderately water intake and gradually corrects hyponatremia, may constitute a new approach for the treatment of SIAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Girault-Sotias
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Nadia De Mota
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortès
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
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Boitard SE, Keck M, Deloux R, Girault-Sotias PE, Marc Y, De Mota N, Compere D, Agbulut O, Balavoine F, Llorens-Cortes C. QGC606, a best-in-class orally active centrally acting aminopeptidase A inhibitor prodrug, for treating heart failure following myocardial infarction. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:815-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Flahault A, Keck M, Girault-Sotias PE, Esteoulle L, De Mota N, Bonnet D, Llorens-Cortes C. LIT01-196, a Metabolically Stable Apelin-17 Analog, Normalizes Blood Pressure in Hypertensive DOCA-Salt Rats via a NO Synthase-dependent Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715095. [PMID: 34393794 PMCID: PMC8359812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is a neuro-vasoactive peptide that plays a major role in the control of cardiovascular functions and water balance, but has an in-vivo half-life in the minute range, limiting its therapeutic use. We previously developed LIT01-196, a systemically active metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, produced by chemical addition of a fluorocarbon chain to the N-terminal part of apelin-17. LIT01-196 behaves as a potent full agonist for the apelin receptor and has an in vivo half-life in the bloodstream of 28 min after intravenous (i.v.) and 156 min after subcutaneous (s.c.) administrations in conscious normotensive rats. We aimed to investigate the effects of LIT01-196 following systemic administrations on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, fluid balance and electrolytes in conscious normotensive and hypertensive deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. Acute i.v. LIT01-196 administration, in increasing doses, dose-dependently decreases arterial blood pressure with ED50 values of 9.8 and 3.1 nmol/kg in normotensive and hypertensive rats, respectively. This effect occurs for both via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Moreover, acute s.c. LIT01-196 administration (90 nmol/kg) normalizes arterial blood pressure in conscious hypertensive DOCA-salt rats for more than 7 h. The LIT01-196-induced blood pressure decrease remains unchanged after 4 consecutive daily s.c. administrations of 90 nmol/kg, and does not induce any alteration of plasma sodium and potassium levels and kidney function as shown by the lack of change in plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Activating the apelin receptor with LIT01-196 may constitute a novel approach for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Flahault
- College de France, Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), INSERM U1050/CNRS UMR7241, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- College de France, Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), INSERM U1050/CNRS UMR7241, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Girault-Sotias
- College de France, Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), INSERM U1050/CNRS UMR7241, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Esteoulle
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia De Mota
- College de France, Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), INSERM U1050/CNRS UMR7241, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- College de France, Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), INSERM U1050/CNRS UMR7241, Paris, France
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Flahault A, Girault-Sotias PE, Keck M, Alvear-Perez R, De Mota N, Estéoulle L, Ramanoudjame SM, Iturrioz X, Bonnet D, Llorens-Cortes C. A metabolically stable apelin-17 analog decreases AVP-induced antidiuresis and improves hyponatremia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:305. [PMID: 33436646 PMCID: PMC7804859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are conversely regulated by osmotic stimuli. We therefore hypothesized that activating the apelin receptor (apelin-R) with LIT01-196, a metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, may be beneficial for treating the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis, in which AVP hypersecretion leads to hyponatremia. We show that LIT01-196, which behaves as a potent full agonist for the apelin-R, has an in vivo half-life of 156 minutes in the bloodstream after subcutaneous administration in control rats. In collecting ducts, LIT01-196 decreases dDAVP-induced cAMP production and apical cell surface expression of phosphorylated aquaporin 2 via AVP type 2 receptors, leading to an increase in aqueous diuresis. In a rat experimental model of AVP-induced hyponatremia, LIT01-196 subcutaneously administered blocks the antidiuretic effect of AVP and the AVP-induced increase in urinary osmolality and induces a progressive improvement of hyponatremia. Our data suggest that apelin-R activation constitutes an original approach for hyponatremia treatment.
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Grants
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Foundation for Medical Research in France)
- Fondation Pour la Recherche en Chimie (Frontier Research in Chemistry Foundation)
- This work was supported by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) including financial support for Proof of Concept, CoPoc Apelinatremia 2015-2017 by INSERM Transfert, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Université de Strasbourg, the LabEx MEDALIS, the Collège de France, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche "Vie, santé et bien-être 2016" (ANR-16-CE18-0030, FluoroPEP), the Fédération Française de Cardiologie and the FRC (Frontier Research in Chemistry). AF was supported by a fellowship from INSERM (Poste d’Accueil pour Hospitaliers). PEGS was supported by a fellowship from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, grant number “PBR201810007643”. LE and SMR were supported by a fellowship from the Ministère de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche and the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Flahault
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM, Unit U1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7241, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Girault-Sotias
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM, Unit U1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7241, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM, Unit U1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7241, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Rodrigo Alvear-Perez
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM, Unit U1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7241, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Nadia De Mota
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM, Unit U1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7241, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Estéoulle
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sridévi M Ramanoudjame
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Xavier Iturrioz
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM, Unit U1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7241, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM, Unit U1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7241, Collège de France, Paris, France.
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Girault-Sotias PE, Gerbier R, Flahault A, de Mota N, Llorens-Cortes C. Apelin and Vasopressin: The Yin and Yang of Water Balance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:735515. [PMID: 34880830 PMCID: PMC8645901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a (neuro)vasoactive peptide, plays a prominent role in controlling body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. Experimental data performed in rodents have shown that apelin has an aquaretic effect via its central and renal actions. In the brain, apelin inhibits the phasic electrical activity of vasopressinergic neurons and the release of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream and in the kidney, apelin regulates renal microcirculation and counteracts in the collecting duct, the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin occurring via the vasopressin receptor type 2. In humans and rodents, if plasma osmolality is increased by hypertonic saline infusion/water deprivation or decreased by water loading, plasma vasopressin and apelin are conversely regulated to maintain body fluid homeostasis. In patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, in which vasopressin hypersecretion leads to hyponatremia, the balance between apelin and vasopressin is significantly altered. In order to re-establish the correct balance, a metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, LIT01-196, was developed, to overcome the problem of the very short half-life (in the minute range) of apelin in vivo. In a rat experimental model of vasopressin-induced hyponatremia, subcutaneously (s.c.) administered LIT01-196 blocks the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin and the vasopressin-induced increase in urinary osmolality, and induces a progressive improvement in hyponatremia, suggesting that apelin receptor activation constitutes an original approach for hyponatremia treatment.
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