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Furukawa E, Bado P, da Costa RQM, Melo B, Erthal P, de Oliveira IP, Wickens JR, Moll J, Tripp G, Mattos P. Reward modality modulates striatal responses to reward anticipation in ADHD: Effects of affiliative and food stimuli. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 327:111561. [PMID: 36334392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Altered reward sensitivity has been proposed to underlie symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported hypoactivation to reward-predicting cues in the ventral striatum among individuals with ADHD, using experimental designs with and without behavioral response requirements. These studies have typically used monetary incentives as rewards; however, it is unclear if these findings extend to other reward types. The current study examined striatal responses to anticipation and delivery of both affiliative and food reward images using a classical conditioning paradigm. Data from 20 typically developing young adults, and 20 individuals diagnosed with ADHD were included in a region-of-interest analysis for a priori striatal regions. Consistent with findings from studies using monetary rewards, individuals with ADHD showed decreased activation to cues predicting affiliative rewards in the bilateral ventral and dorsal striatum and increased activation to the delivery of affiliative rewards in the ventral striatum. No group differences were found in striatal responses to food reward cues or images. These results suggest hyposensitivity to reward-predicting cues in ADHD extends to affiliative rewards, with important implications for understanding and managing the learning and social functioning of those with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Furukawa
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Patricia Bado
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Melo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pilar Erthal
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jeff R Wickens
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jorge Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gail Tripp
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Coelho RM, Drummond C, Mota NB, Erthal P, Bernardes G, Lima G, Molina R, Sudo FK, Tannock R, Mattos P. Network analysis of narrative discourse and attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms in adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245113. [PMID: 33826632 PMCID: PMC8026017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research investigating language in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has demonstrated several deficits in many aspects. However, no previous study employed quantitative methodology providing objective measures that could be compared among different studies with diverse samples. To fill this gap, we used network analysis to investigate how ADHD symptomatology impacts narrative discourse, a complex linguistic task considered to be an ecological measure of language. Fifty-eight adults (34 females and 24 males) with a mean age of 26 years old and a mean of 17 years of educational level were administered the Adult Self-Rating Scale for ADHD symptomatology. They also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking Behavior Scale. Intelligence quotient was calculated. Individuals were asked to tell a story based on a wordless picture book. Speech was recorded and transcribed as an input to SpeechGraphs software. Parameters were total number of words (TNW), number of loops of one node (L1), repeated edges (RE), largest strongly connected component (LSC) and average shortest path (ASP). Verbosity was controlled. Statistical analysis was corrected for multiples comparisons and partial correlations were performed for confounding variables. After controlling for anxiety, depression, IQ, and impulsiveness ADHD symptomatology was positively correlated with L1 and negatively correlated with LSC. TNW was positively correlated with ADHD symptoms. In a subdomain analysis, both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were negatively correlated with LSC. Only hyperactivity-impulsivity positively correlated with TNW and L1. Results indicated a correlation between ADHD symptoms and lower connectedness in narrative discourse (as indicated by higher L1 and lower LSC), as well as higher total number of words (TNW). Our results suggest that the higher the number of ADHD symptoms, the less connectivity among words, and a higher number of words in narrative discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cláudia Drummond
- Institute D'Or for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of speech and hearing pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Pilar Erthal
- Institute D'Or for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bernardes
- Institute D'Or for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lima
- Institute D'Or for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Molina
- Institute D'Or for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Kenji Sudo
- Institute D'Or for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Institute D'Or for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Impulsivity has a strong genetic component and is considered an endophenotype in many psychiatric disorders. Impulsivity in adult ADHD has become a focus of interest more recently because of its suggested prominence in this age. Objective: This study aimed to access self-reported impulsivity levels in biological parents of ADHD offspring, according to their status: non-ADHD (controls), remitted, nonremitted. Method: Impulsivity levels of 155 parents of ADHD children were compared according to their status using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Results: The ADHD group presented the highest levels of impulsivity compared with all other groups. The remitted ADHD and control groups showed no significant differences in impulsivity levels. Conclusion: Impulsivity tended to remit alongside ADHD symptoms in remitters and to persist in those presenting with the residual form of adult ADHD suggesting it should not be considered as an endophenotype. Only the attentional dimension was impaired, cautioning against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) impulsivity proposed criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Figueiredo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dídia Fortes
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pilar Erthal
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bortolini
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Mattos
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mendonca F, Sudo FK, Santiago-Bravo G, Oliveira N, Assuncao N, Rodrigues F, Soares R, Calil V, Bernardes G, Erthal P, Drummond C, Tovar-Moll F, Mattos P. Mild Cognitive Impairment or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Older Adults? A Cross Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:737357. [PMID: 34616321 PMCID: PMC8488111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, which may be associated with life-enduring cognitive dysfunction. It has been hypothesized that age-related cognitive decline may overlap with preexisting deficits in older ADHD patients, leading to increased problems to manage everyday-life activities. This phenomenon may mimic neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This cross-sectional study aims to assess cognitive and behavioral differences between older subjects with ADHD and MCI. Methods: A total of 107 older participants (41 controls; 40 MCI and 26 ADHD; mean age = 67.60 ± 7.50 years; mean schooling = 15.14 ± 2.77 years; 65.4% females) underwent clinical, cognitive, and behavioral assessments by a multidisciplinary team at the Memory Clinic, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean scores in neuropsychological tasks and behavioral scales were compared across groups. Results: Participants with ADHD showed poorer performances than controls in episodic memory and executive function with large effect-sizes. Performances were comparable between MCI and ADHD for all domains. Discussion: MCI and ADHD in older individuals are dissociated clinical entities with overlapping cognitive profiles. Clinicians ought to be aware of these converging phenotypes to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felippe Mendonca
- D'Or Institute For Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natalia Oliveira
- D'Or Institute For Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Naima Assuncao
- D'Or Institute For Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Department of Speech and Hearing Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rejane Soares
- D'Or Institute For Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Calil
- D'Or Institute For Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pilar Erthal
- D'Or Institute For Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Drummond
- Department of Speech and Hearing Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute For Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Figueiredo T, Lima G, Erthal P, Martins R, Corção P, Leonel M, Ayrão V, Fortes D, Mattos P. Mind-wandering, depression, anxiety and ADHD: Disentangling the relationship. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112798. [PMID: 31991281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind Wandering (MW) has been associated with ADHD in a very small number of studies with adults and children. However, anxiety and depression have also been associated with MW and both are often comorbid with ADHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety and depression in MW in patients with ADHD. METHODS The Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS) compared the levels of MW controlling for the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms in 78 adolescents (53 males and 25 females) comprising ADHD, clinical controls and typically developing individuals. Correlational analysis between MEWS score, demographic variables, ADHD, anxiety and depressive symptoms was performed using simple and multiple linear regression analysis demonstrating that only anxiety predicted MW scores. On a second analysis, we compared Anxiety and Non-Anxiety as well as ADHD and non-ADHD groups. RESULTS Levels of MW were significantly correlated with anxiety symptoms, but not with depression. In addition, there were no differences in ADHD and non-ADHD groups regarding MW levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest MW is associated with anxiety levels, independently of an ADHD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Figueiredo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Lima
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pilar Erthal
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Martins
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Corção
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Leonel
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ayrão
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dídia Fortes
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sudo FK, de Souza AS, Drummond C, Assuncao N, Teldeschi A, Oliveira N, Rodrigues F, Santiago-Bravo G, Calil V, Lima G, Erthal P, Bernardes G, Monteiro M, Tovar-Moll F, Mattos P. Inter-method and anatomical correlates of episodic memory tests in the Alzheimer's Disease spectrum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223731. [PMID: 31600312 PMCID: PMC6786578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Episodic memory impairments have been described as initial clinical findings in the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) spectrum, which could be associated with the presence of early hippocampal dysfunction. However, correlates between performances in neuropsychological tests and hippocampal volumes in AD were inconclusive in the literature. Divergent methods to assess episodic memory have been depicted as a major source of heterogeneity across studies. Methods We examined correlates among performances in three different delayed-recall tasks (Rey-Auditory Verbal-Learning Test–RAVLT, Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale) and fully-automated volumetric measurements of the hippocampus (estimated using Neuroquant®) of 83 older subjects (47 controls, 27 Mild Cognitive Impairment individuals and 9 participants with Dementia due to AD). Results Inter-method correlations of episodic memory performances were at most moderate. Scores in the RAVLT predicted up to 48% of variance in HOC (Hippocampal Occupancy Score) among subjects in the AD spectrum. Discussion Tests using different stimuli (verbal or visual) and presenting distinct designs (word list, story or figure learning) may assess divergent aspects in episodic memory, with heterogeneous anatomical correlates. Conclusions Different episodic memory tests might not assess the same construct and should not be used interchangeably. Scores in RAVLT may correlate with the presence of neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Kenji Sudo
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Claudia Drummond
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Speech and Hearing Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Naima Assuncao
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Morphological Sciences Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alina Teldeschi
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Oliveira
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Speech and Hearing Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Calil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lima
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pilar Erthal
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bernardes
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marina Monteiro
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Mattos
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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7
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Figueiredo T, Erthal P, Fortes D, Asherson P, Mattos P. Transcultural adaptation to Portuguese of the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS) for evaluation of thought activity. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2018; 40:337-341. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: The concept of mind wandering refers to periods during which attention and content of thoughts depart from the original idea or activity being performed. The phenomenon occurs commonly in the general population and the Mind Wandering Excessively Scale (MEWS) evaluates its frequency, intensity and related negative outcomes. Objective: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the MEWS. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of the original scale followed five consecutive steps: translation, backtranslation, appreciation of semantic equivalence and administration to a convenience sample to 20 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 20 normal controls. Results: Results indicated a satisfactory equivalence between the original and translated versions. A synthesis version for Brazilian Portuguese is presented. Conclusions: MEWS provides information on thought activity, which is particularly important in ADHD cases. The Brazilian Portuguese version would be welcome to address specific treatment responses and obtain new outcome measures
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Brazil
| | | | - Dídia Fortes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Mattos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Brazil
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