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Maiorova V, Mollaev MD, Vikhreva P, Chudakov DM, Kibardin A, Maschan MA, Larin S. Mutated Flt3Lg Provides Reduced Flt3 Recycling Compared to Wild-Type Flt3Lg and Retains the Specificity of Flt3Lg-Based CAR T-Cell Targeting in AML Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087626. [PMID: 37108788 PMCID: PMC10146938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cells of acute myeloid leukemia are defined by clonal growth and heterogenous immunophenotypes. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) commonly recognize molecular targets by single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) specific to a tumor-associated antigen. However, ScFvs may form aggregates, thus stimulating tonic CAR T-cell activation and reducing CAR T-cell functioning in vivo. Harnessing natural ligands as recognition parts of CARs, specific targeting of membrane receptors can be achieved. Previously, we presented ligand-based Flt3-CAR T-cells targeting the Flt3 receptor. The extracellular part of Flt3-CAR consisted of full-size Flt3Lg. Meanwhile, upon recognition, Flt3-CAR may potentially activate Flt3, triggering proliferative signaling in blast cells. Moreover, the long-lasting presence of Flt3Lg may lead to Flt3 downregulation. In this paper, we present mutated Flt3Lg-based Flt3m-CAR ('m'-for 'mutant') T-cells targeting Flt3. The extracellular part of Flt3m-CAR consists of full-length Flt3Lg-L27P. We have determined that ED50 for recombinant Flt3Lg-L27P produced in CHO cells is at least 10-fold higher than for the wild-type Flt3Lg. We show that the mutation in the recognizing domain of Flt3m-CAR did not affect the specificity of Flt3m-CAR T-cells when compared to Flt3-CAR T-cells. Flt3m-CAR T-cells combine the specificity of ligand-receptor recognition with reduced Flt3Lg-L27P bioactivity, leading to potentially safer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maiorova
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Murad D Mollaev
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Vikhreva
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kibardin
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael A Maschan
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Larin
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Maiorova V, Mollaev MD, Vikhreva P, Kulakovskaya E, Pershin D, Chudakov DM, Kibardin A, Maschan MA, Larin S. Natural Flt3Lg-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (Flt3-CAR) T Cells Successfully Target Flt3 on AML Cell Lines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111238. [PMID: 34835169 PMCID: PMC8621097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cannot be cured with chemotherapy alone, as the blasts survive the treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) approaches for AML are being actively developed. CARs promote immune reactions through recognition of the target molecular epitopes at the surface of cancer cells. The recognition involves the extracellular portion of the CAR protein, which corresponds to either the antibody or the physiological binding partner of the targeted antigen. Here, we design a chimeric receptor with a full-length natural Flt3-ligand recognition module that targets Flt3 tyrosine kinase, known as an adverse marker in AML. We demonstrate specific killing of Flt3-positive THP-1 cells by Flt3-CAR T cells and the lack of cytotoxicity towards Flt3-negative U937 cells. We prove that the inherent cytolytic capacity of T cells is essential for the killing. Finally, we confirm the authenticity of targeting by its competitive dose-dependent inhibition with a soluble Flt3-ligand. The developed system can be viewed as a non-immunogenic functional equivalent of scFv-mediated targeting. The robust in vitro antitumor effects of Flt3-CAR T cells, combined with their low off-target cytotoxicity, hold promise for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maiorova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Murad D. Mollaev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Polina Vikhreva
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Elena Kulakovskaya
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Dmitry Pershin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Dmitriy M. Chudakov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kibardin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Michael A. Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sergey Larin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.D.M.); (P.V.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (A.K.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.)
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Vikhreva P, Melino G, Amelio I. p73 Alternative Splicing: Exploring a Biological Role for the C-Terminal Isoforms. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1829-1838. [PMID: 29733853 PMCID: PMC5995411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
p73 (encoded by TP73 gene) is a p53 related protein that functions as a transcriptional factor. Similarly to p53, following DNA damage, p73 is stabilized and activated and controls expression of target genes that are involved in the regulation of cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, great complexity to the function of this gene is given by the wide range of its non-tumor-related roles, which include neurological development, ciliogenesis and fertility. From the structural point of view, p73 displays an intricate range of regulations because it can be expressed both as an N-terminally deleted dominant-negative isoforms and as multiple alternatively spliced C-terminal isoforms, which can include or not a sterile alpha motif domain. More is known about the functions of the N-terminal isoforms of p73 (TAp73 and ΔNp73) and their opposing pro- and anti-apoptotic roles, whereas the functional differences of the distinct C-terminal splice forms of p73 are very far away from been defined. Here we summarize the current available literature regarding p73 C-terminal isoforms and the contribution of the sterile alpha motif domain to p73 function, trying to provide an unified view in this complex and sometime controversial field. Current data indicate that the full-length, TAp73α, is the major, if not the exclusive, isoform detected in physiological systems, indicating that detailed spatio-temporal expression analysis and functional studies are highly demanded to support a physiological role for the p73 alternative splicing. With this article, we also aim to emphasize the need to further investigation on the topic, refocusing the attention on what we believe are the most relevant unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vikhreva
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
As a member of p53 family, p73 has attracted intense investigations due to its structural and functional similarities to p53. Among more than ten p73 variants, the transactivation (TA) domain-containing isoform TAp73 is the one that imitates the p53's behavior most. TAp73 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which endows it the capacity of tumour suppression. Also, it can exert diverse biological influences on cells through activating a complex and context dependent transcriptional programme. The transcriptional activities further broaden its roles in more intricate biological processes. In this article, we report that p73 is a positive regulator of a cell adhesion related gene named integrin β4 (ITGB4). This finding may have implications for the dissection of the biological mechanisms underlining p73 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxia Xie
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Polina Vikhreva
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | | | - Ivano Amelio
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Nicolai Barlev
- d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
| | - Richard A Knight
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy.,d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
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Vikhreva P, Petrova V, Gokbulut T, Pestlikis I, Mancini M, Di Daniele N, Knight RA, Melino G, Amelio I. TAp73 upregulates IL-1β in cancer cells: Potential biomarker in lung and breast cancer? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:498-505. [PMID: 28212736 PMCID: PMC5243147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p73 is a transcription factor belonging to the p53 tumour suppressor family. p73−/− mice exhibit a range of phenotypes including neurological, reproductive and inflammatory defects. Although the role of p73 in the control of genomic stability explains part of these phenotypes, a clear mechanism of how p73 participates in the inflammatory response is still elusive. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a crucial role in mediating the inflammatory response. Because of its high potency to induce inflammation, the activation and secretion of IL-1β is tightly regulated by large protein complexes, named inflammasomes. Inflammasomes regulate activation of proinflammatory caspase-1, which in turn proteolytically processes its substrates, including pro-IL-1β. Caspase-1 gene transcription is strongly activated by p53 protein family members including p73. Here, we have addressed whether p73 might be directly involved in IL-1β regulation and therefore in the control of the inflammatory response. Our results show that TAp73β upregulates pro-IL-1β mRNA and processed IL-1β protein. In addition, analysis of breast and lung cancer patient cohorts demonstrated that interaction between p73 and IL-1β predicts a negative survival outcome in these human cancers. The p53 family member p73 controls a wide a range of biological processes required for its tumour suppressor functions. p73 regulates IL-1β expression, thus potentially affecting inflammasomes and inflammatory response. p73/IL-1β axis correlates with poor prognosis in lung and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vikhreva
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Varvara Petrova
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Tarik Gokbulut
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ilias Pestlikis
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
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