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Kates PA, Cook JN, Ghan R, Nguyen HJ, Sitasuwan P, Lee LA. Incorporation of automated buffer exchange empowers high-throughput protein and plasmid purification for downstream uses. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:243-250. [PMID: 36736961 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The continued acceleration of time-to-market product development and rising demand for biotherapeutics have hastened the need for higher throughput within the biopharmaceutical industry. Automated liquid handlers (ALH) are increasingly popular due to flexible programming that enables processing of multiple samples with an array of functions. This flexibility is useful in streamlining research that requires chromatographic procedures to achieve product purity for downstream analysis. However, purification of biologics often requires additional off-deck buffer exchange steps due to undesirable elution conditions such as high acid or high salt content. Expanding the capability of ALHs to perform purification in sequence with buffer exchange would, therefore, increase workflow efficiency by eliminating the need for manual intervention, thus expediting sample preparation. Here we demonstrate two different automated purifications using pipet-based dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE). The first is an affinity purification of His-tagged proteins from bacterial lysate. The second is an anion-exchange purification of plasmid DNA. Both methods are followed by buffer exchange performed by an ALH. Percent recoveries for the three purified recombinant proteins ranged from 51 ± 1.2 to 86 ± 10%. The yields were inversely correlated to starting sample load and protein molecular weight. Yields for plasmid purification ranged between 11.4 ± 0.8 and 13.7 ± 0.9 µg, with the largest plasmid providing the highest yield. Both programs were rapid, with protein purification taking <80 min and plasmid purification <60 min. Our results demonstrate that high-quality, ready-to-use biologics can be obtained rapidly from a crude sample after two separate chromatographic processes without manual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Kates
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc., 110 Centrum Drive, Irmo, SC 29063, United States
| | - Jordan N Cook
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc., 110 Centrum Drive, Irmo, SC 29063, United States
| | - Ryan Ghan
- Hamilton Company, Inc., Reno, NV, United States
| | - Huey J Nguyen
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc., 110 Centrum Drive, Irmo, SC 29063, United States
| | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc., 110 Centrum Drive, Irmo, SC 29063, United States
| | - L Andrew Lee
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc., 110 Centrum Drive, Irmo, SC 29063, United States.
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2
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Ogata Y, Quizon PM, Nightlinger NS, Sitasuwan P, Snodgrass C, Lee LA, Meyer JD, Rogers RS. Automated multi-attribute method sample preparation using high-throughput buffer exchange tips. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9222. [PMID: 34783086 PMCID: PMC9286584 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The multi-attribute method (MAM) has become a valuable mass spectrometry (MS)-based tool that can identify and quantify the site-specific product attributes and purity information for biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and fusion molecules in recent years. As we expand the use of the MAM at various stages of drug development, it is critical to enhance the sample preparation throughput without additional chemical modifications and variability. METHODS In this study, a fully automated MAM sample preparation protocol is presented, where rapid desalting in less than 15 minutes is achieved using miniaturized size-exclusion chromatography columns in pipette tips on an automated liquid handler. The peptide samples were analyzed using an electrospray ionization (ESI) orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled to an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system with a dual column switching system. RESULTS No significant change was observed in product attributes and their quantities compared with manual, low-artifact sample preparation. The sample recovery using the buffer exchange tips was greatly enhanced over the manual spin cartridges while still demonstrating excellent reproducibility for a wide variety of starting sample concentrations. Unlike a plate desalting system, the individual columns provide flexibility in the number of samples prepared at a time and sample locations within plates. CONCLUSIONS This automated protocol enables the preparation of up to 96 samples with less "at-bench" time than the manual preparation of a smaller batch of samples, thereby greatly facilitating support of process development and the use of the MAM in quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Integrated Micro‐Chromatography Systems (IMCS), IrmoSCUSA
- 3M CompanySt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Casey Snodgrass
- Hamilton CompanyRenoNVUSA
- Mammoth BiosciencesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - L. Andrew Lee
- Integrated Micro‐Chromatography Systems (IMCS), IrmoSCUSA
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3
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Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM), a recent advance in the application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry within the pharmaceutical industry, enables the simultaneous monitoring of multiple product quality attributes in a single analytical method. While MAM is coupled with automated data processing and reporting, the sample preparation, based on proteolytic peptide mapping, remains cumbersome and low throughput. The standard sample preparation for MAM relies on protein denaturation, reduction, and alkylation prior to proteolytic digestion, but often a desalting step is required to maintain enzymatic activity. While most of the sample preparation can be automated on a standard robotic liquid handling system, a streamlined approach for protein desalting and temperature modulation is required for a viable, fully automated digestion. In this work, for the first time, a complete tip-based MAM sample preparation is automated on a single robotic liquid handling system, leveraging a deck layout that integrates both heating and cooling functionalities. The fully automated method documented herein achieves a high-throughput sample preparation for MAM, while maintaining superior method performance. Abbreviations: MAM: multi-attribute method; PQAs: product quality attributes; CE: capillary electrophoresis; IEX: ion-exchange chromatography; HILIC-FLR: hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector; RP-LC/UV: reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to a UV detector; MS: mass spectrometry; NPD: new peak detection; GdnHCl: guanidine hydrochloride; TIC: total ion current; pAb: polyclonal antibody; IgG: immunoglobulin G; DTT: dithiothreitol; IAA: iodoacetic acid; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; A280: absorbance at 280 nm wavelength; 96MPH: 96-channel multi-probe head; CPAC: Cold Plate Air Cooled; HHS: Hamilton Heater Shaker; DWP: Deep-Well Plate; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; NTR: Nested Tip Rack; Met: methionine; Trp: tryptophan; N-term pQ: N-terminal glutamine cyclization; Lys: lysine; PAM: peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase; G0F: asialo-, agalacto-, bi-antennary, core substituted with fucose; G1F: asialo-, mono-galactosylated bi-antennary, core substituted with fucose; G2F: asialo-, bi-galactosylated bi-antennary, core substituted with fucose; G0: asialo-, agalacto-, bi-antennary; Man5: oligomannose 5; Man8: oligomannose 8; TriF: asialo-, tri-galactosylated tri-antennary, core substituted with fucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - L Andrew Lee
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc, Irmo, SC, USA
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Lee LA, McGee AC, Sitasuwan P, Tomashek JJ, Riley C, Muñoz-Muñoz AC, Andrade L. Factors Compromising Glucuronidase Performance in Urine Drug Testing Potentially Resulting in False Negatives. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 46:689-696. [PMID: 34401904 PMCID: PMC9282255 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation β-glucuronidases can effectively cleave glucuronides in urine at room temperature. However, during the discovery studies, additional challenges were identified for urine drug testing across biologically relevant pH extremes and patient urine specimens. Different enzymes were evaluated across clinical urine specimens and commercially available urine control matrices. Each enzyme shows distinct substrate preferences, pH optima, and variability across clinical specimens. These results demonstrate how reliance on a single glucuronidated substrate as the internal hydrolysis control cannot ensure performance across a broader panel of analytes. Moreover, sample specific urine properties compromise β-glucuronidases to varying levels, more pronounced for some enzymes, and thereby lower the recovery of some drug analytes in an enzyme-specific manner. A minimum of 3-fold dilution of urine with buffer yields measurable improvements in achieving target pH and reducing the impact of endogenous compounds on enzyme performance. After subjecting the enzymes to pH extremes and compromising chemicals, one particular β-glucuronidase was identified that addressed many of these challenges and greatly lower the risk of failed hydrolyses. In summary, we present strategies to evaluate glucuronidases that aid in higher accuracy urine drug tests with lower potential for false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Andrew Lee
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc, Irmo, SC 29063, USA
| | - Amanda C McGee
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc, Irmo, SC 29063, USA
| | | | - John J Tomashek
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc, Irmo, SC 29063, USA
| | - Chris Riley
- Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA
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Metavarayuth K, Maturavongsadit P, Chen X, Sitasuwan P, Lu L, Su J, Wang Q. Nanotopographical Cues Mediate Osteogenesis of Stem Cells on Virus Substrates through BMP-2 Intermediate. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8372-8380. [PMID: 31296009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated rapid osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on substrates with plant virus modified nanotopographical cues as a promising strategy for bone repair; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that the highly structurally ordered virus coat proteins, responsible for targeting specific cellular components, are critical for the osteogenesis promotion. In this study, hybrid viral gold nanorods were prepared to explore the effects of highly ordered arranged virus coat proteins on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The results herein indicate that it is the nanotopographical cues modified by structurally ordered virus nanoparticles, not the chemical properties of virus surface, that mediate osteogenesis. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression is significantly increased and serves as a modulator that mediates the osteogenic differentiation in response to the viral particle coatings. After BMP-2 is inhibited by Noggin, the osteogenesis promoting effects are significantly compromised, demonstrated by lower alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium sequestration. This study reveals that plant virus modified nanotopographical substrates promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through increasing BMP-2 autocrine. It provides key insights to engineering functional materials for rapid bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolrat Metavarayuth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Panita Maturavongsadit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
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Sitasuwan P, Melendez C, Marinova M, Spruill M, Lee LA. Comparison of Purified β-glucuronidases in Patient Urine Samples Indicates a Lack of Correlation Between Enzyme Activity and Drugs of Abuse Metabolite Hydrolysis Efficiencies Leading to Potential False Negatives. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 43:221-227. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margarita Marinova
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - L Andrew Lee
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, LLC, Irmo, SC, USA
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Sitasuwan P, Melendez C, Marinova M, Mastrianni KR, Darragh A, Ryan E, Lee LA. Degradation of Opioids and Opiates During Acid Hydrolysis Leads to Reduced Recovery Compared to Enzymatic Hydrolysis. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:601-607. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Zan X, Sitasuwan P, Feng S, Wang Q. Effect of Roughness on in Situ Biomineralized CaP-Collagen Coating on the Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Langmuir 2016; 32:1808-1817. [PMID: 26795271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of its outstanding osteo-conductive property, a calcium phosphate (CaP) coating has been used as an implant coating for bone tissue engineering. Nevertheless, the issues, such as harsh fabrication conditions, long-term stability and biocompatibility, and the requirement for expensive instruments, still exist in current coating techniques. To address these issues, the CaP coatings doped with collagen (CaP-Col) were in situ generated on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) by incubating PEMs in a mixture of the collagen, phosphate, and calcium ions. The resulting coatings have controllable physical properties (chemical composition, crystallinity, and roughness) and good stability before and after incubation with cell culture medium. We also found that both the cellular viability and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were closely related to the roughness of PEMs/CaP-Col, one of the easily ignored physical factors in current coating designs but very critical. The existed roughness window (between 18 ± 1.2 and 187 ± 7.3 nm) suitable for MSC proliferation on PEMs/CaP-Col coating and the optimal roughness (∼98 ± 3.5 nm) for MSC osteogenesis further demonstrated that the roughness was a critical factor for bone formation. Therefore, we envision that our exploration of the effects of surface roughness on MSC behaviors would provide better guidance for the future design of material coating and eventual medical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering , 16 Xinsan Rd Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Metavarayuth K, Sitasuwan P, Zhao X, Lin Y, Wang Q. Influence of Surface Topographical Cues on the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:142-151. [PMID: 33418629 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cell research has been advanced in recent years because of the cells' attractive abilities of self-renewal and differentiation. Topography of materials is one of the key features that can be harnessed to regulate stem cell behaviors. Stem cells can interact with underlying material through nanosized integrin receptors. Therefore, the manipulation of topographical cues at a nanoscale level can be employed to modulate the cell fate. In this review, we focus our discussion on the different surface topographical cues, especially, with an emphasis on the viral nanoparticle-coated materials, and their effects on stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolrat Metavarayuth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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10
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Metavarayuth K, Sitasuwan P, Luckanagul JA, Feng S, Wang Q. Virus Nanoparticles Mediated Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2015; 2:1500026. [PMID: 27980904 PMCID: PMC5115314 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There are few methodologies that allow manipulating a biomaterial surface at nanometer scale, which controllably influence different cellular functions. In this study, virus nanoparticles with different structural features are selected to prepare 2D substrates with defined nanoscale topographies and the cellular responses are investigated. It is demonstrated that the viral nanoparticle based substrates could accelerate and enhance osteogenesis of bone derived mesenchymal stem cells as indicated by the upregulation of osteogenic markers, including bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, at both gene and protein expression levels. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium mineralization, both indicators for a -successful bone formation, are also increased in cells grown on these nanoscale possessed substrates. These discoveries and developments present a new paradigm for nanoscale engineering of a biomaterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolrat Metavarayuth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Rd., Wangmai Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
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Sitasuwan P, Lee LA, Li K, Nguyen HG, Wang Q. RGD-conjugated rod-like viral nanoparticles on 2D scaffold improve bone differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Chem 2014; 2:31. [PMID: 24904922 PMCID: PMC4034042 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles have uniform and well-defined nano-structures and can be produced in large quantities. Several plant viral nanoparticles have been tested in biomedical applications due to the lack of mammalian cell infectivity. We are particularly interested in using Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which has been demonstrated to enhance bone tissue regeneration, as a tunable nanoscale building block for biomaterials development. Unmodified TMV particles have been shown to accelerate osteogenic differentiation of adult stem cells by synergistically upregulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and integrin-binding bone sialoprotein (IBSP) expression with dexamethasone. However, their lack of affinity to mammalian cell surface resulted in low initial cell adhesion. In this study, to increase cell binding capacity of TMV based material the chemical functionalization of TMV with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide was explored. An azide-derivatized RGD peptide was "clicked" to tyrosine residues on TMV outer surface via an efficient copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The ligand spacing is calculated to be 2-4 nm, which could offer a polyvalent ligand clustering effect for enhanced cell receptor signaling, further promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems Columbia, SC, USA
| | - L Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Weifang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quanrantine Bureau Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huong Giang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Catalysis for Energy Processes, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA
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12
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Luckanagul J, Lee LA, Nguyen QL, Sitasuwan P, Yang X, Shazly T, Wang Q. Porous alginate hydrogel functionalized with virus as three-dimensional scaffolds for bone differentiation. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3949-58. [PMID: 23148483 DOI: 10.1021/bm301180c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, a synthetic extracellular matrix is crucial for supporting stem cells during its differentiation process to integrate into surrounding tissues. Hydrogels are used extensively in biomaterials as synthetic matrices to support the cells. However, to mimic the biological niche of a functional tissue, various chemical functionalities are necessary. We present here, a method of functionalizing a highly porous hydrogel with functional groups by mixing the hydrogel with a plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and its mutant. The implication of this process resides with the three important features of TMV: its well-defined genetic/chemical modularity, its multivalency (TMV capsid is composed of 2130 copies of identical subunits), and its well-defined structural features. Previous studies utilizing the native TMV on two-dimensional supports accelerated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, and surfaces modified with genetically modified viral particles further enhanced cell attachment and differentiation. Herein we demonstrate that functionalization of a porous alginate scaffold can be achieved by the addition of viral particles with minimal processing and downstream purifications, and the cell attachment and differentiation within the macroporous scaffold can be effectively manipulated by altering the peptide or small molecule displayed on the viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittima Luckanagul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Medical Chronobiology Laboratory and Center for Colon Cancer Research, WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, South Carolina, United States
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13
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Lee LA, Muhammad SM, Nguyen QL, Sitasuwan P, Horvath G, Wang Q. Multivalent Ligand Displayed on Plant Virus Induces Rapid Onset of Bone Differentiation. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2121-5. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300042t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University
of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208,
United States
| | - Sevan M. Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University
of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208,
United States
| | - Quyen L. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University
of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208,
United States
| | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University
of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208,
United States
| | - Gary Horvath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University
of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208,
United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University
of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208,
United States
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14
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Sitasuwan P, Andrew Lee L, Bo P, Davis EN, Lin Y, Wang Q. A plant virus substrate induces early upregulation of BMP2 for rapid bone formation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:651-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20041d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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