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Aroskar K, Sahu R, Choudhary S, Pasi AR, Gaikwad P, Dikid T. Evaluation of point of entry surveillance for COVID-19 at Mumbai international airport, India, July 2020. Indian J Public Health 2022; 66:67-70. [PMID: 35381719 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1487_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
India started Point of entry (PoE) surveillance at Mumbai International Airport, screening passengers returning from coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-affected countries using infrared thermometers. We evaluated in July 2020 for March 1-22 with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evaluation framework. We conducted key informant interviews, reviewed passenger self-reporting forms (SRFs) (randomly selected) and relevant Airport Health Organization and Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) records. Of screened 165,882 passengers, three suspects were detected and all were reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction negative. Passengers under-quarantine line-listing not available in paper-based PoE system, eight written complaints: 6/8 SRF filling inconvenience, 3/8 no SRF filling inflight announcements, and standing in long queues for their submission. Outside staff deployed 128/150 (85.3%), and staff: passenger ratio was 1:300. IDSP reported 59 COVID-19 confirmed cases against zero detected at PoE. It was simple, timely, flexible, and useful in providing information to IDSP but missed cases at PoE and had poor stability. We recommended dedicated workforce and data integration with IDSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Aroskar
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sahu
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushma Choudhary
- Program Adviser, South Asia Field Epidemiology Network (SAFETYNET), India
| | - Achhelal R Pasi
- Joint Director, Airport Health Officer, Airport Health Organization, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pragati Gaikwad
- Deputy Airport Health Officer, Airport Health Organization, Mumbai, India
| | - Tanzin Dikid
- Joint Director, Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
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George AJ, Mathew DE, Lazarus E, Chichra A, Singh B, Gaikwad P. Effectiveness of self-portraits used over personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients and healthcare workers. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e270-e271. [PMID: 33984139 PMCID: PMC8241416 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J George
- Department of General Surgery Unit 1, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - D E Mathew
- Department of Internal Medicine Unit 4, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - E Lazarus
- Department of General Surgery Unit 1, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - A Chichra
- Department of Psychiatry Unit 2, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - B Singh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - P Gaikwad
- Department of General Surgery Unit 1, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
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Konduru V, Thomas CT, Gaikwad P. Curious case of the bilaterally absent omohyoid muscle. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 55:639-640. [PMID: 27993502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Konduru
- Department of Surgery, Unit-1/Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | - C T Thomas
- Department of Surgery, Unit-1/Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | - P Gaikwad
- Department of Surgery, Unit-1/Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
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Gaikwad P, Ungureanu S, Backov R, Vynck K, Vallée RAL. Photon transport in cylindrically-shaped disordered meso-macroporous materials. Opt Express 2014; 22:7503-7513. [PMID: 24718124 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.007503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically and experimentally investigate light diffusion in disordered meso-macroporous materials with a cylindrical shape. High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE)-based silica foam samples, exhibiting a polydisperse pore-size distribution centered around 19 μm to resemble certain biological tissues, are realized. To quantify the effect of a finite lateral size on measurable quantities, an analytical model for diffusion in finite cylinders is developed and validated by Monte Carlo random walk simulations. Steady-state and time-resolved transmission experiments are performed and the transport parameters (transport mean free path and material absorption length) are successfully retrieved from fits of the experimental curves with the proposed model. This study reveals that scattering losses on the lateral sides of the samples are responsible for a lowering of the transmission signal and a shortening of the photon lifetime, similar in experimental observables to the effect of material absorption. The recognition of this geometrical effect is essential since its wrong attribution to material absorption could be detrimental in various applications, such as biological tissue diagnosis or conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Verma R, Mungekar D, Gaikwad P, Tomer S, Datar V. First report of a phytoplasma associated with an axillary shoot proliferation disease in papaya in India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.025.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Verma
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)Regional StationAgricultural College EstateP.O. ShivajinagarPune411005India
| | - D. Mungekar
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)Regional StationAgricultural College EstateP.O. ShivajinagarPune411005India
| | - P. Gaikwad
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)Regional StationAgricultural College EstateP.O. ShivajinagarPune411005India
| | - S.P.S Tomer
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)Regional StationAgricultural College EstateP.O. ShivajinagarPune411005India
| | - V.V. Datar
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)Regional StationAgricultural College EstateP.O. ShivajinagarPune411005India
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Gaikwad P, Naik GH, Priyadarsini KI, Mohan H, Rao BSM. Radiation induced oxidation of hydroxy indoles by NO 2• and Br 2•− radicals: effect of pH. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The reactions of oxidizing radicals ((*)OH, Br(2)(*-), and SO(4)(*-)) with -OH-, -CH(3)-, or -NH(2)-substituted indole chalcones and hydroxy benzenoid chalcones were studied by radiation and quantum chemical methods. The (*)OH radical was found to react by addition at diffusion-controlled rates (k = 1.1-1.7 x 10(10) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1)), but Br(2)(*-) radical reacted by 2 orders of magnitude lower. Quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory have shown that the (C2-OH)(*), (C11-OH)(*), and (C10-OH)(*) adducts of the indole chalcones and the (C7-OH)(*) and (C8-OH)(*) adducts of the hydroxy benzenoid chalcones are more stable with DeltaH = -39 to -28 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaG = -32 to -19 kcal mol(-1). This suggests that (*)OH addition to the alpha,beta-unsaturated bond is a major reaction channel in both types of chalcones and is barrierless. The stability and lack of dehydration of the (*)OH adducts arise from two factors: strong frontier orbital interaction due to the low energy gap between interacting orbitals and the negligible Coulombic repulsion due to small absolute values of Mulliken charges. The transient absorption spectrum measured in the (*)OH radical reaction with all the indole chalcone derivatives exhibited a maximum at 390 nm, which is in excellent agreement with the computed value (394 nm). The formation of three phenolic products under steady-state radiolysis is in line with the three stable (*)OH adducts predicted by theory. Independent of the substituent, identical spectra (lambda(max) = 330-360 and approximately 580 nm) were obtained on one-electron oxidation of the three indole chalcones. MO calculations predict the deprotonation from the -NH group is more efficient than from the substituent due to the larger electron density on the N1 atom forming the chalcone indolyl radical. Its reduction potential was determined to be 0.56 V from the ABTS(*-)/ABTS(2-) couple. In benzenoid chalcones, the (*)OH adduct spectrum is characterized by a peak at 270 nm and a broad maximum centered in the range 430-450 nm with an intense bleaching at 340 nm. The spectrum formed by electron transfer in these derivatives with lambda(max) = 280 and 380 nm (epsilon(280) = 5000 dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1) and epsilon(380) = 700 dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1)) was assigned to its phenoxyl radical. Our pulse radiolysis experiments in combination with quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that chalcones are efficient scavengers of damaging oxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaikwad
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
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Gaikwad P, Priyadarsini KI, Naumov S, Rao BSM. Oxidation of tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine: a pulse radiolysis and quantum chemical study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8249-57. [PMID: 19569709 DOI: 10.1021/jp901315q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of oxidizing radicals (*)OH, N(3)(*), Br(2)(*-), and NO(2)(*) with tryptamine (Tpe) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (HTpe) were studied by pulse radiolysis and analyzed by quantum chemical calculations. Barring NO(2)(*) radical, the rate constants for their reaction with Tpe and HTpe were found to be diffusion controlled and the rates in the NO(2)(*) radical reaction with HTpe are lower by 2 orders of magnitude with k approximately 1 x 10(7) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1). The transient spectra formed on oxidation of Tpe and HTpe exhibited peaks at 330 and 530 nm (indolyl radical) and 420 nm (indoloxyl radical), respectively, and the latter is in reasonable agreement with the calculated value (407 nm). Both radicals decay through direct recombination, but only the indoloxyl radical was observed to react with the parent molecule to give a (HTpe-Ind)(*) radical adduct for [HTpe] > or = 50 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3). The calculated optimized geometries in water revealed the formation of two distinct types of radical adducts, one through the H-O bond and the other by C-C linkage. The H-O bonded radical adduct was found to be exothermic with a reaction enthalpy of -4 kcal mol(-1) and bond length 0.1819 nm and the C-C bonded radical adducts are endothermic and rate determining but are finally driven by exothermic processes involving intermolecular H transfer followed by intramolecular reorganization through H shift resulting in stable C4-C4' and C2-C4' dimers with reaction enthalpies of -39 and -44 kcal mol(-1), respectively, and this process was found to be thermodynamically as efficient as direct recombination of indoloxyl radicals. The formation of the two dimer products was also seen in steady-state radiolysis. The lack of adduct formation in the case of indolyl radical with Tpe is due to the positive free energy change (DeltaG = 10 kcal mol(-1)). The energetics for the (*)OH addition have shown dependence on the site of activation with (HTpe-OH)(*) adducts at C2 and C4 and the (Tpe-OH)(*) adduct at C2 being more thermodynamically stable and the water elimination to give the indoloxyl radical proceeds fast from (HTpe-OH)(*) adduct at C4 due to favorable geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaikwad
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune-411 007, India
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Jain P, Muthusami J, Raj* J, Gaikwad P, Rajinikanth J, Tirkey A. Subclavian vein catheterization: A rare complication. Indian J Crit Care Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.35088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fernandez A, Subramaniam S, Chawla C, Gaikwad P. Changes in biochemical parameters following exchange transfusion. Indian Pediatr 1986; 23:429-32. [PMID: 3744522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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