1
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Wang H, Dill S, Zhou H, Ma Y, Xue H, Sylvia S, Smith K, Boswell M, Medina A, Loyalka P, Abby C, Friesen D, Rose N, Guo Y, Rozelle S. Health, economic, and social implications of COVID-19 for China's rural population. Agric Econ 2021; 52:495-504. [PMID: 34149132 PMCID: PMC8207079 DOI: 10.1111/agec.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of local and nationwide COVID-19 disease control measures on the health and economy of China's rural population. We conducted phone surveys with 726 randomly selected village informants across seven rural Chinese provinces in February 2020. Four villages (0.55%) reported infections, and none reported deaths. Disease control measures had been universally implemented in all sample villages. About 74% of informants reported that villagers with wage-earning jobs outside the village had stopped working due to workplace closures. A higher percentage of rural individuals could not work due to transportation, housing, and other constraints. Local governments had taken measures to reduce the impact of COVID-19. Although schools in all surveyed villages were closed, 71% of village informants reported that students were attending classes online. Overall, measures to control COVID-19 appear to have been successful in limiting disease transmission in rural communities outside the main epidemic area. Rural Chinese citizens, however, have experienced significant economic consequences from the disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah‐Eve Dill
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Huan Zhou
- West China School of Public HealthSichuan UniversitySichuanP.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hao Xue
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kumi Smith
- University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Matthew Boswell
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexis Medina
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Prashant Loyalka
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cody Abby
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dimitris Friesen
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nathan Rose
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yian Guo
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and InstitutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Loyalka P, Liu OL, Li G, Kardanova E, Chirikov I, Hu S, Yu N, Ma L, Guo F, Beteille T, Tognatta N, Gu L, Ling G, Federiakin D, Wang H, Khanna S, Bhuradia A, Shi Z, Li Y. Author Correction: Skill levels and gains in university STEM education in China, India, Russia and the United States. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:955. [PMID: 33824515 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Loyalka
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Guirong Li
- International Center for Action Research on Education, School of Education, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Elena Kardanova
- Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Chirikov
- Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. .,Center for Studies in Higher Education, Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Shangfeng Hu
- Faculty of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Institute of Higher Education Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Lin Gu
- Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Denis Federiakin
- Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Huan Wang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saurabh Khanna
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashutosh Bhuradia
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhaolei Shi
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Li
- International Center for Action Research on Education, School of Education, Henan University, Henan, China
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3
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Mistree D, Loyalka P, Fairlie R, Bhuradia A, Angrish M, Lin J, Karoshi A, Yen SJ, Mistri J, Bayat V. Instructional interventions for improving COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, behaviors: Evidence from a large-scale RCT in India. Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113846. [PMID: 33773476 PMCID: PMC7963523 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seeking ways to encourage broad compliance with health guidelines during the pandemic, especially among youth, we test two hypotheses pertaining to the optimal design of instructional interventions for improving COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. We randomly assigned 8376 lower-middle income youth in urban India to three treatments: a concentrated and targeted fact-based, instructional intervention; a longer instructional intervention that provided the same facts along with underlying scientific concepts; and a control. Relative to existing efforts, we find that both instructional interventions increased COVID-19-related knowledge immediately after intervention. Relative to the shorter fact-based intervention, the longer intervention resulted in sustained improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behavior. Instead of reducing attention and comprehension by youth, the longer scientific based treatment appears to have increased understanding and retention of the material. The findings are instrumental to understanding the design of instruction and communication in affecting compliance during this and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinsha Mistree
- Stanford University, Law School, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Prashant Loyalka
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education and Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Encina Hall East Wing Room 413, 616 Serra St., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Robert Fairlie
- University of California, Department of Economics, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Ashutosh Bhuradia
- Freedom Employability Academy, Valmiki Temple One, Vasant Gaon, New Delhi, 110057, India; Harvard University, Graduate School of Education, 13 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Manyu Angrish
- Freedom Employability Academy, Valmiki Temple One, Vasant Gaon, New Delhi, 110057, India.
| | - Jason Lin
- Harker School, 500 Saratoga Ave., San Jose, CA, 95129, USA.
| | - Amar Karoshi
- Harker School, 500 Saratoga Ave., San Jose, CA, 95129, USA.
| | - Sara J Yen
- Harker School, 500 Saratoga Ave., San Jose, CA, 95129, USA.
| | - Jamsheed Mistri
- University of California, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Vafa Bayat
- Bitscopic, Inc., 715 Colorado Avenue Suite B, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
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4
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Wang H, Zhang M, Li R, Zhong O, Johnstone H, Zhou H, Xue H, Sylvia S, Boswell M, Loyalka P, Rozelle S. Tracking the effects of COVID-19 in rural China over time. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:35. [PMID: 33446205 PMCID: PMC7807215 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China issued strict nationwide guidelines to combat the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020 and gradually loosened the restrictions on movement in early March. Little is known about how these disease control measures affected the 600 million people who live in rural China. The goal of this paper is to document the quarantine measures implemented in rural China outside the epicenter of Hubei Province and to assess the socioeconomic effect of the measures on rural communities over time. METHODS We conducted three rounds of interviews with informants from 726 villages in seven provinces, accounting for over 25% of China's overall rural population. The survey collected data on rural quarantine implementation; COVID-19 infections and deaths in the survey villages; and effects of the quarantine on employment, income, education, health care, and government policies to address any negative impacts. The empirical findings of the work established that strict quarantine measures were implemented in rural villages throughout China in February. RESULTS There was little spread of COVID-19 in rural communities: an infection rate of 0.001% and zero deaths reported in our sample. However, there were negative social and economic outcomes, including high rates of unemployment, falling household income, rising prices, and disrupted student learning. Health care was generally accessible, but many delayed their non-COVID-19 health care due to the quarantine measures. Only 20% of villagers received any form of local government aid, and only 11% of villages received financial subsidies. There were no reports of national government aid programs that targeted rural villagers in the sample areas. CONCLUSIONS By examining the economic and social effects of the COVID-19 restrictions in rural communities, this study will help to guide other middle- and low-income countries in their containment and restorative processes. Without consideration for economically vulnerable populations, economic hardships and poverty will likely continue to have a negative impact on the most susceptible communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Markus Zhang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Robin Li
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Oliver Zhong
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Hannah Johnstone
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Huan Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3 Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Xue
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1101D McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB#7411, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7411, USA
| | - Matthew Boswell
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Prashant Loyalka
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
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5
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Abstract
The wide-scale global movement of school education to remote instruction due to Covid-19 is unprecedented. The use of educational technology (EdTech) offers an alternative to in-person learning and reinforces social distancing, but there is limited evidence on whether and how EdTech affects academic outcomes. Recently, we conducted two large-scale randomized experiments, involving ~10,000 primary school students in China and Russia, to evaluate the effectiveness of EdTech as a substitute for traditional schooling. In China, we examined whether EdTech improves academic outcomes relative to paper-and-pencil workbook exercises of identical content. We found that EdTech was a perfect substitute for traditional learning. In Russia, we further explored how much EdTech can substitute for traditional learning. We found that EdTech substitutes only to a limited extent. The findings from these large-scale trials indicate that we need to be careful about using EdTech as a full-scale substitute for the traditional instruction received by schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fairlie
- Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Prashant Loyalka
- Graduate School of Education/Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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6
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Cheema F, Al-najar A, Loyalka P, Rajagopal K. Impact of Donor-Recipient Sex Mismatch on the Incidence of Allograft Rejection in Clinical Lung Transplantation: A Review of the United Network of Organ Sharing Database. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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7
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Quintana-Quezada RA, Rajapreyar I, Postalian-Yrausquin A, Yeh YC, Choi S, Akkanti B, Sieg A, Weeks P, Patel M, Patel J, Nathan S, Kar B, Loyalka P, Gregoric I. Clinical Factors Implicated in Primary Graft Dysfunction After Heart Transplantation: A Single-center Experience. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2168-71. [PMID: 27569965 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a frequent complication after cardiac transplantation and remains one of the leading causes of mortality in these patients. The objective of this case-control study is to identify donor and surgical procedure's factors associated with PGD, and further guide possible strategies to prevent PGD. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who underwent cardiac transplantation at Memorial Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center between October 2012 and February 2015. RESULTS The study population included 99 patients, of which 18 developed PGD. Univariate analysis of donor characteristics revealed opioid use (P = .049) and death owing to anoxia (P = .021) were associated with PGD. The recipient/donor blood type match AB/A was significantly associated with PGD (P = .031). Time from brain death to aortic cross clamp (TBDACC) of ≥3 and ≥5 days were also found to be associated with PGD (P = .0011 and .0003, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that patients with a time from brain death to aortic cross clamp ≥3 and ≥5 days had lesser odds of developing PGD (odds ratio, 0.098 [P = .0026] and OR, 0.092 [P = .0017], respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that a longer time from brain death to aortic cross clamp was associated with lower odds of developing PGD. Therefore, postponing heart procurement for a few days after brain death seems to be beneficial in preventing PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Quintana-Quezada
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - I Rajapreyar
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - A Postalian-Yrausquin
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Y C Yeh
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - S Choi
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - B Akkanti
- Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - A Sieg
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hermann - Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - P Weeks
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hermann - Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - M Patel
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J Patel
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - S Nathan
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - B Kar
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - P Loyalka
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - I Gregoric
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston/Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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8
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Kar B, Prathipati P, Macedo F, Nathan S, Radovancevic R, Loyalka P, Gregoric I. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Management of Aortic Insufficiency in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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9
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Rajapreyar I, Nathan S, Ghotra A, Nolan M, Weeks P, Sieg A, Kar B, Loyalka P, Paruthi C, Gregoric I. Early Antibody Mediated Rejection Post Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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10
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Raman AS, Metz B, Kar B, Nascimbene A, Gregoric I, Loyalka P. Role of Mechanical Support in Post Myocardial Infarction Septal Defects Percutaneous Repair. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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11
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Kennedy E, Vanichanan J, Rajapreyar I, Gonzalez B, Nathan S, Gregoric I, Kar B, Loyalka P, Weeks P, Chavez V, Wanger A, Ostrosky Zeichner L. A pseudo-outbreak of disseminated cryptococcal disease after orthotopic heart transplantation. Mycoses 2015; 59:75-9. [PMID: 26627342 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcal infection is the third most common invasive fungal infection (IFI) among solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients and is considered an important opportunistic infection due to its significant morbidity and mortality. To determine whether a cluster of cryptococcosis in heart transplant patients was of nosocomial nature, three cases of orthotopic heart transplant recipients with postoperative disseminated cryptococcal infection were investigated and paired with an environmental survey in a tertiary care hospital. The infection prevention department conducted a multidisciplinary investigation, which did not demonstrate any evidence of health care-associated environmental exposure. Moreover, multilocus sequence typing showed that one isolate was unique and the two others, although identical, were not temporally related and belong to the most common type seen in the Southern US. Additionally, all three patients had preexisting abnormalities of the CT chest scan and various degrees of acute and chronic rejection. Reactivation was suggested in all three patients. Screening methods may be useful to identify at risk patients and trigger a prophylactic or preemptive approach. However, more data is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kennedy
- Infection Prevention Department, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Vanichanan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Rajapreyar
- Program of Advanced Heart Failure, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Advanced Heart Failure, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Gonzalez
- Program of Advanced Heart Failure, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Nathan
- Program of Advanced Heart Failure, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Advanced Heart Failure, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Gregoric
- Program of Advanced Heart Failure, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Advanced Heart Failure, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Kar
- Program of Advanced Heart Failure, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Advanced Heart Failure, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Loyalka
- Program of Advanced Heart Failure, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Advanced Heart Failure, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Weeks
- Program of Advanced Heart Failure, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Chavez
- Department of Pathology, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Wanger
- Department of Pathology, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Ostrosky Zeichner
- Infection Prevention Department, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Zhou C, Sylvia S, Zhang L, Luo R, Yi H, Liu C, Shi Y, Loyalka P, Chu J, Medina A, Rozelle S. China’s Left-Behind Children: Impact Of Parental Migration On Health, Nutrition, And Educational Outcomes. Health Aff (Millwood) 2015; 34:1964-71. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Zhou
- Chengchao Zhou is an associate professor of public health at the School of Public Health, Shandong University, in China
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Sean Sylvia is an assistant professor of economics at the School of Economics, Renmin University of China, in Beijing
| | - Linxiu Zhang
- Linxiu Zhang (
) is a professor of economics at the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Beijing
| | - Renfu Luo
- Renfu Luo is an associate professor of economics at the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongmei Yi
- Hongmei Yi is an associate professor of economics at the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chengfang Liu
- Chengfang Liu is an associate professor of economics at the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yaojiang Shi
- Yaojiang Shi is a professor of economics at the Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, in China
| | - Prashant Loyalka
- Prashant Loyalka is an assistant (research) professor of education at the Graduate School of Education and a center research fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, in California
| | - James Chu
- James Chu is a doctoral student in the Department of Sociology, Stanford University
| | - Alexis Medina
- Alexis Medina is a project manager at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Scott Rozelle is a professor of economics at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University
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13
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Abstract
We describe the degree to which household income is negatively associated with the prevalence of different types of disability (i.e., medical impairments) in China using data from the 2006 Second National Survey of Disabled Persons. We then calculate the extra costs of disability across different types of households and show how these costs differ by the type and severity of disability in both urban and rural areas. Finally, we use nationally representative panel data on persons with disabilities from 2007 to 2009 to examine the degree to which social security is reaching persons with different types and severity of disabilities in both urban and rural areas. We conclude that although the amount and coverage of social security for households with disabilities is increasing rapidly, it is still not enough to offset the income differential between households with and without disabled persons, especially when we account for the extra costs of disability.
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14
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Loyalka P, Song Y, Wei J. The effects of attending selective college tiers in China. Soc Sci Res 2012; 41:287-305. [PMID: 23017752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We estimate the effects of attending the first versus second-tier of higher education institutions on Chinese students' at-college and expected post-college outcomes using various quasi-experimental methods such as regression discontinuity, genetic matching, and regression discontinuity controlling for covariates. Overall we find that just attending the first versus second-tier makes little difference in terms of students' class ranking, net tuition, expected wages, or likelihood of applying for graduate school. The results do show, however, that just attending the first versus second tier makes it less likely that students will get their preferred major choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Loyalka
- China Institute for Educational Finance Research, Peking University, #5 Summer Palace Rd., Rm. 406, Education Building, Beijing 100871, China
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15
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Shah N, Bieniarz M, Loyalka P, Mann D, Kar B. 551: Percutaneous LVAD Support in Refractory Cardiogenic Shock Rapidly and Disparately Modulates Serum Biomarkers of Apoptosis, Neurohormonal Activation, Inflammation, and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Gregoric I, Bruckner B, Kar B, Loyalka P, Jacob L, Delgado R, Loebe M, Frazier O. 548: Experience with the TandemHeart Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgical Procedures. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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17
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Kar B, Basra S, Loyalka P, Gregoric I, Delgado R, Civitello A, Bogaev R, Cohn W, Attallah A, Wagle R, Frazier O. 515: Predictors of Stroke on Heartmate II Left Ventricular Assist Device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Frazier O, La Francesca S, Demirozu Z, Cohn W, Bogaev R, Delgado R, Loyalka P, Kar B, Gregoric I. 689: Long-Term Survival after Left Ventricular Assist Device Explantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Bogaev R, George J, Frazier O, Etheridge W, Raissi F, Jacob L, Kar B, Delgado R, Loyalka P, Gregoric I, Kerman R. 247: Transplantation of Donor Specific Antibody Positive, Crossmatch Negative (AHG/FCXM) Cardiac Allograft Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Shabari FR, Delgado R, Kar B, Civitello A, Loyalka P, Czerska B, Klapholz M, Haeusslein E, Brown S, Konstam M. 55: Clinical and Hemodynamic Findings with a System for Delivery of Aortic Flow Therapy in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Shah N, Bieniarz M, Basra S, Paisley R, Loyalka P, Mann D, Kar B. 6: Percutaneous LVAD Support Reverses Neurohormonal Dysregulation and Apoptosis but Increases Inflammation in Profound Refractory Cardiogenic Shock. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Basra S, Attallah A, Wagle R, Loyalka P, Kar B. 632: Infections in Patients on Continuous Flow LVAD: Epidemiology and Role in Causation of Cerebrovascular Accidents. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kar B, Basra S, Delgado R, Civitello A, Gregoric I, Loyalka P. 547: Tandem Heart pVAD Outcomes Based on the Intention To Treat: A Single Institution Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Idelchik G, Simpson L, Loyalka P, Civettelo A, Gregoric I, Kar B. Use of the percutaneous left ventricular assist device as a “bridge-to-bridge” in patients with severe refractory cardiogenic shock. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2007.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Syndrome X and microvascular angina are a heterogenous group of diseases. Several medications, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers, have been reported to be successful in the treatment of microvascular angina. Control of hypertension and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy are important in controlling symptoms associated with this intriguing problem. The role of nitric oxide and the effects of L-arginine in the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension and microvascular angina need to be elucidated. Optimal treatment will depend on the appropriate classification and diagnosis of chest pain in patients with hypertension and normal coronary angiograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ventura
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Abstract
Liver cysts are a well-recognized feature of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and occur in 77% of patients more than 60 years old. Serious sequelae, however, are rare, the two most common complications being pain and cyst infections. Portal hypertension has been reported in ADPKD due to the rare presence of congenital hepatic fibrosis. We report a case of ADPKD in a patient who had portal hypertension due to distortion of portal vein and venules by extensive hepatic cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Misra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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