Factors associated with risk related to the use of psychoactive substances by men deprived of their liberty

Objective:

to evaluate the factors associated with risk related to the use of psychoactive substances in male inmates of a prison in a city in the South of Brazil.

Method:

a cross-sectional data from 220 men deprived of liberty, inmates of a provisional custody institution in the State of Paraná, collected with a screening instrument and questionnaire. Binary logistic regression and odds ratio analysis were used to verify associations between risk related to substance use and socio-demographic characteristics of living conditions before incarceration and current incarceration.

Results:

the adjusted model revealed association of consumption with skin color brown/black and yellow, those who had only one parent responsible until age 15, age at first arrest 18 or older, professing religion, working before arrest, owning their own house, living alone, receiving visitors in prison.

Conclusion:

the identified factors are useful to insert effective treatment proposals and reduce the gaps and social vulnerability existing in prison.

WHAT TACTICAL DEFENSIVE BEHAVIORS WOULD HELP BRAZIL STOP GERMANY IN THE 7 TO 1?

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to verify which tactical behaviors can predict defensive efficiency among elite football players. The sample was composed of 533 defensive sequences from national teams that were semifinalists in the FIFA World Cup 2014. An ad-hoc instrument was built with the variables: “ball recovery zone”, “defensive pressure”, “removing depth”, “defensive time spent”, “number of occupied corridors”, “number of fouls committed”, and “number of times fouled”. The tactical sequences were analyzed using Match Vision Studio Premium software. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to predict the chances of success and failure of collective defensive actions (P < 0.05). Recovering the ball in the defensive zone of the field had a 19-times better chance of goal completion compared to recovering the ball in the middle offensive zone (OR = 19.39; P < 0.01). On the other hand, removing defensive depth resulted in a decrease of 71% in the chances of completing a goal (OR = 0.29; P < 0.01). Moreover, every foul committed increased the chances of failure in the defensive phase (OR = 5.39; P < 0.01). Teams that recovered the ball far from their own goals and coordinated their last defensive line to leave attackers in an offside position had success in getting the ball back. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM: NURSING DIAGNOSES IN THE LIGHT OF HORTA'S THEORY

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the Nursing diagnoses in men deprived of their freedom, based on the Basic Human Needs framework. Methods: a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted by means of the Theory of Basic Human Needs framework. Data collection took place from June to November 2019, with individual interviews carried out with 220 men deprived of their freedom. The data were submitted to thematic and content analysis directed to NANDA International Taxonomy II. All ethical aspects were respected. Results: 12 Nursing diagnoses belonging to the categories of health problems and potential risks were identified, grouped and interpreted according to the theoretical framework. Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, overweight, risk-prone health behavior, and ineffective health control are factors that have been related to the psychobiological needs. Involvement in recreational activities, anxiety, ineffective coping, risk of violence directed toward others, disrupted family processes, and risk of ineffective relationships were related to the psychosocial needs, while the risk of impaired religiosity was related to the psychospiritual needs. Conclusion: the absence of Nursing diagnoses in the health promotion category signals the need for actions that provide quality of life to these people.

Factores asociados al riesgo relacionado con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas por hombres privados de libertad

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar los factores asociados al riesgo relacionado con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas en hombres internados en una prisión, en un municipio en el Sur de Brasil. Método: datos transversales de 220 hombres privados de libertad, internados en una institución de custodia provisional, en el estado de Paraná, recolectados con instrumento de rastreo y cuestionario. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión logística binaria y la razón de chances para verificar asociaciones entre el riesgo relacionado con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y las características sociodemográficas, de las condiciones de vida antes del encarcelamiento y del encarcelamiento actual. Resultados: el modelo ajustado reveló asociación del consumo con: el color de la piel marrón/negra y amarilla; aquellos que tuvieron apenas uno de los padres responsables hasta los 15 años de edad; edad de la primera prisión con 18 años o más; profesar religión; trabajar antes de la prisión; residencia propia; vivir solo; y, recibir visitas en la prisión. Conclusión: los factores identificados son útiles para introducir propuestas de tratamientos eficaces y reducir los vacíos y la vulnerabilidad social existentes en la prisión.

PESSOAS PRIVADAS DE LIBERDADE: DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENFERMAGEM À LUZ DA TEORIA DE HORTA

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem em homens privados de liberdade, com ancoragem no referencial das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. Métodos: estudo exploratório descritivo de abordagem qualitativa conduzido pelo referencial da Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de junho a novembro de 2019, com entrevistas individuais realizadas com 220 homens privados de liberdade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e de conteúdo dirigida à taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional. Todos os aspectos éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: foram identificados 12 diagnósticos de enfermagem pertencentes às categorias de problemas de saúde e riscos potenciais, agrupados e interpretados conforme o referencial teórico. Estilo de vida sedentário, obesidade, sobrepeso, comportamento de saúde propenso a risco e controle ineficaz da saúde são fatores que se relacionaram às necessidades psicobiológicas. Já o envolvimento em atividades de recreação diminuído, ansiedade, enfrentamento ineficaz, risco de violência direcionada a outros, processos familiares interrompidos e risco de relacionamento ineficaz se mostraram relacionados às necessidades psicossociais, ao passo que o risco de religiosidade prejudicada apresentou relação com as necessidades psicoespirituais. Conclusão: a ausência de diagnósticos de enfermagem da categoria de promoção da saúde sinaliza a necessidade de ações que propiciem qualidade de vida a essas pessoas.

The intermediate learner’s choice of self-as-a-model strategies and the eight-session practice in learning of the front crawl swim

<div>The aim of this study was to investigate the intermediate learners’ choice of self-as-a-model strategies for learning the front crawl swim by extending the amount of practice. Participants (n=40) were divided into three groups: choice (free to choose to watch a video footage of their best or overall performance anytime during a practice), yoked (paired to the learners of the choice group), and control group (did not watch any video). Experimental design also involved a pretest, eigh tacquisition blocks, and a 48-hour retention test. The measures included a qualitative analysis of the front crawl swim and the rate of self-efficacy belief questionnaire. Results showed better learning of the front crawl swim for the choice group in comparison to the yoked and control group. It was also verified that the belief of self-efficacy improved in the choice and yoked groups. Most learners chose self-observation of their overall performance during the entire practice.</div><div>The rest of learners waved in their choices. Self-observation of either the best or overall performance had similar effects on learning the front crawl swim. In conclusion, to provide learners with freedom of choice</div><div>during the extended acquisition phase was positive for motor learning, regardless of whether or not there were changes in their choices.</div>

Validação do Function Observational Learning Questionnaire para o Português - Brasil

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi obter evidências de validade transcultural para a língua portuguesa - Brasil do Function of Observational Learning Questionnaire (FOLQ). Participaram do estudo atletas de natação, handebol e voleibol de ambos os sexos (n=362). O alpha de Cronbach e o coeficiente de Kappa foram utilizados para avaliar a consistência interna dos itens. Análise Fatorial Confirmatória foi realizada para verificar a adequabilidade do instrumento ao modelo conceitual. Para avaliar a fidedignidade teste-reteste, utilizou-se o teste t de student, com p < 0,05 para diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados mostram que foram obtidas evidências de validade para a língua portuguesa com 17 questões, mantendo os três fatores originais: habilidade, desempenho e estratégia.