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Kagaya W, Chan CW, Kongere J, Kanoi BN, Ngara M, Omondi P, Osborne A, Barbieri L, Kc A, Minakawa N, Gitaka J, Kaneko A. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Olyset®Plus ceiling net on reducing malaria prevalence in children in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:354. [PMID: 37231429 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya, malaria remains highly endemic despite high coverage of interventions such as insecticide-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). The malaria-protective effect of LLINs is hampered by insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and its repurposing by the community. Ceiling nets and LLIN with synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO-LLIN) are novel tools that can overcome the problems of behavioral variation of net use and metabolic resistance to insecticide, respectively. The two have been shown to reduce malaria prevalence when used independently. Integration of these two tools (i.e., ceiling nets made with PBO-LLIN or Olyset®Plus ceiling nets) appears promising in further reducing the malaria burden. METHODS A cluster-randomized controlled trial is designed to assess the effect of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets on reducing malaria prevalence in children on Mfangano Island in Homa Bay County, where malaria transmission is moderate. Olyset®Plus ceiling nets will be installed in 1315 residential structures. Malaria parasitological, entomological, and serological indicators will be measured for 12 months to compare the effectiveness of this new intervention against conventional LLIN in the control arm. DISCUSSION Wider adoption of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets to complement existing interventions may benefit other malaria-endemic counties and be incorporated as part of Kenya's national malaria elimination strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000045079. Registered on 4 August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kagaya
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Chim W Chan
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - James Kongere
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernard N Kanoi
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Protus Omondi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ashley Osborne
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura Barbieri
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Achyut Kc
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Omondi P, Burugu M, Matoke-Muhia D, Too E, Nambati EA, Chege W, Musyoka KB, Thiongo K, Otinga M, Muregi F, Kimani F. Gametocyte clearance in children, from western Kenya, with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria after artemether-lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment. Malar J 2019; 18:398. [PMID: 31801562 PMCID: PMC6891957 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) against asexual parasites population has been documented. However, the effect of these anti-malarials on sexual parasites is still less clear. Gametocyte clearance following treatment is essential for malaria control and elimination efforts; therefore, the study sought to determine trends in gametocyte clearance after AL or DP treatment in children from a malaria-endemic site in Kenya. METHODS Children aged between 0.5 and 12 years from Busia, western Kenya with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were assigned randomly to AL or DP treatment. A total of 334 children were enrolled, and dried blood spot samples were collected for up to 6 weeks after treatment during the peak malaria transmission season in 2016 and preserved. Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes were detected by qRT-PCR and gametocyte prevalence, density and mean duration of gametocyte carriage were determined. RESULTS At baseline, all the 334 children had positive asexual parasites by microscopy, 12% (40/334) had detectable gametocyte by microscopy, and 83.7% (253/302) children had gametocytes by RT-qPCR. Gametocyte prevalence by RT-qPCR decreased from 85.1% (126/148) at day 0 to 7.04% (5/71) at day 42 in AL group and from 82.4% (127/154) at day 0 to 14.5% (11/74) at day 42 in DP group. The average duration of gametocyte carriage as estimated by qRT-PCR was slightly shorter in the AL group (4.5 days) than in the DP group (5.1 days) but not significantly different (p = 0.301). CONCLUSION The study identifies no significant difference between AL and DP in gametocyte clearance. Gametocytes persisted up to 42 days post treatment in minority of individuals in both treatment arms. A gametocytocidal drug, in combination with artemisinin-based combination therapy, will be useful in blocking malaria transmission more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protus Omondi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43884-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marion Burugu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43884-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Damaris Matoke-Muhia
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edwin Too
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eva A Nambati
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - William Chege
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kelvin B Musyoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kelvin Thiongo
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maureen Otinga
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Muregi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Kenya University, P.O Box 342-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Kimani
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Harrison DJ, Hughes MJ, Teitelbaum H, Clark MR, Omondi P, Palmer CA, Sutton R. Method of preparing emergency medicine residents for giving legal depositions. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1999; 99:28-33. [PMID: 9972093 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.1999.99.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine if a simulated legal deposition increases emergency medicine (EM) residents' knowledge, self-confidence, and understanding of a legal deposition. This prospective study included a convenience sample of EM 1-3 residents. A knowledge and a self-assessment pretest were given, followed by a didactic session moderated by local attorneys, followed by knowledge and a self-assessment posttest. The total time involved was 2 hours. The mean score on the knowledge pretest was 4.5 and 5.25 on the posttest. Using a paired t-test, the authors found this difference to be statistically significant. (P < 0.01) Using Hotelling's T2 test, the authors compared presimulation and postsimulation self-assessment questions. The results revealed that there was a difference between these scores (P < 0.001). Participants in the deposition significantly improved their self-assessment ranking and knowledge inventory test scores by participating in a simulated legal deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Harrison
- Michigan State University (MSU) College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing 48824, USA
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