Understanding the Distinction Between Traumatic Fibroma and Mucocele in Pediatric Patients: A Report of Two Cases

Traumatic fibroma is a reactive oral cavity lesion that manifests as a localized, non-neoplastic, inflammatory hyperplastic papule of fibrous connective tissue. Alternatively, mucocele is another frequent oral lesion, caused by mucus pooling in the tissues as a result of trauma to minor salivary glands. This article aims to shed light on traumatic fibroma and mucocele of the lower lip in pediatric patients. Two pediatric patients complained of soft tissue growth on the left side of the lower lip. Appropriate diagnosis, treatment planning, and light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation excision were done for both patients. The excised samples were sent for histopathological analysis. Both patients showed clinical resolution in a short period without any discomfort. A comprehensive understanding of these variances is essential for precise diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.

Management of Turner's Hypoplasia Using Resin Infiltration: A Case Report

The causes of enamel discoloration can vary, leading to aesthetic concerns for patients. Injuries to primary teeth can lead to developmental issues in permanent successors, with enamel hypoplasia, commonly referred to as Turner's tooth. Diverse methods are available for addressing tooth discoloration. A case of an 11-year-old pediatric patient with a brown patch on the upper left central incisor was reported to the Pediatric Dentistry Department. A well-demarcated, yellowish-brown lesion was present on the labial surface of 21 and was diagnosed as Turner's hypoplasia. Resin infiltration was done using the Icon Smooth Surface (DMG America Company, Englewood, NJ) resin infiltration kit. The resin infiltration technique provides an approach to meet aesthetic requirements. In this case, the resin infiltration technique was successfully utilized to address the discoloration of the left maxillary central incisor, which was affected by Turner's hypoplasia.

Management of Macroglossia Secondary to Beckwith-Weidmann Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare genetic disorder, distinguished by the following characteristics: macrosomia, macroglossia, abdominal wall deformities such as omphalocele, visceromegaly, hemihypertrophy and elevated risk of developing tumors such as nephroblastoma or hepatoblastoma. A 2.5-year-old female patient came to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry with a complaint of abnormally large tongue along with difficulty in swallowing and slurred speech. On clinical examination, the built of the patient was greater than normal. Intraoral examination revealed an enlarged tongue that led to the inability to close her mouth. Preliminary tests like blood tests, ECG, etc., were done before proceeding further to correct the enlarged tongue surgically under general anesthesia. The patient was intubated nasally, and a keyhole incision pattern was marked on the dorsum of the tongue at the central part. Reduction glossectomy was performed using electrocautery and the two parts were thereafter sutured with 5-0 vicryl sutures. The patient was kept under observation for one week and then discharged. Satisfactory healing was observed. Early diagnosis, close monitoring by healthcare specialists, and a thorough treatment plan that includes speech therapy, food support, and dental care can help manage the issues associated with BWS macroglossia.

Dental and Craniofacial Manifestation of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: A Case Report

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome with a prevalence estimated at 1:50000 to 1:100000 in newborns. It is mainly characterized by ocular, craniofacial, and dental abnormalities. From the pediatric dentist's point of view, early diagnosis of the syndrome from the ocular, craniofacial, and dental manifestation can prevent further abnormalities and ocular complications such as glaucoma. This case report presents a brief description of ARS with the characteristics of craniofacial and dental findings.

Motivational Interviewing for Prevention of Early Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries is prevalent disease worldwide involving 1.76 billion children even though it is preventable with proper measures. Early childhood caries not only cause local discomfort but also hampers overall growth and development of child. Early childhood caries requires invasive treatments as it progress to later stages so early intervention is helpful to prevent these invasive procedures like restoration and extraction. Various procedures such as fluoride application, oral hygiene maintenance, motivational interviewing, diet counselling, oral health education programs are used for prevention, among them motivational interviewing is the emerging modality for prevention. Motivational interviewing is client centred counselling approach which elicits the behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. It was first introduced for treating alcoholism now it is implemented in various fields for management of disease such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, reducing sexual behavior and pain management. In some of the researches it is found that the preventive measures accompanied with motivational interviewing are more effective than the conventional health education and intervention. Though there are many researches are present on the motivational interviewing in prevention of early childhood caries, better designed and reported interventions are still needed.

The Novel Coronavirus in Pediatric and Geriatric Population- What We Know

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)is a virus responsible for the coronavirus infection that is currently causing a severe outbreak of the disease in the world, infecting and killing thousands to lacs of people. The pediatric and geriatric population is no exception to this. Children and older adults have less immunity, which makes them more susceptible to infection than other populations. But still the number of cases of Children where less as compared to adults and those having underlying pulmonary pathology or immunocompromising conditions are more vulnerable to infection. Some studies have shown that this virus causes more death in the older age population as compared to adults or children. Patients having any systemic conditions like diabetes, raised blood pressure, heart diseases, lung diseases and chronic renal diseases were more vulnerable to this infection. In this article, we will outline the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of the novel coronavirus-2019(COVID 19) infection in humans, with more focusing on infection in children as well as in older adults.

A Split Mouth Study on Crestal Bone Architectural Changes by Flapped and Flapless Implant Surgical Procedures

Background: Rehabilitations by dental implants have often been utilized as an efficient procedure for restoring missing teeth. For implant placement two types of surgical methods are well documented. Conventional surgical approach involves raising a mucoperiosteal flap to gain access and see the underlying alveolar bone, instead there is this procedure which does not involve the reflection of the flap. Both the techniques are known to have their individual benefits and shortcomings. The present study was aimed to evaluate the longitudinal comparison and evaluation of hard tissue changes around endosseous implants placed using flapped as well as flapless surgical procedures in mandibular first molar region. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 healthy patients with bilateral mandibular first molar were involved in the study and 20 endosseous implants were inserted (10 in each group). Radiographic assessment was done for deviations in the marginal bone levels on both mesial and distal side and their average value was calculated at 1 month, and 3 months. All these parameters were statistically analyzed using the paired Student t test, and two-way ANOVA test and were considered to be significant if the p value was ≤ 0.05. Results: During the 3 months observation period, the change in crestal bone height around the implants placed by flapless and flap surgery were statistically significant. The flapless group showed less reduction in the crestal bone height compared to the flap group. Conclusion: Both flap and the flapless techniques of endosseous implant placement had statistically significant effect on peri-implant bone loss over the 3 month period.

A Review on COVID-19 Face Mask Detection using CNN

The World Health Organization claims (WHO),Corona Viruses the COVID-19 pandemic is causing a nationwide crisis, wearing a mask on a face in public places is an effective protection measure. The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments all over the world to implement quarantine measures in order to deter virus spread. Reports suggest that the risk of transmission is clearly minimized by wearing face masks when at work. An effective and economic approach to the use of AI in a manufacturing setting to build a secure environment. Using a face mask detection dataset, we will use Open CV to perform real-time face detection from a live stream from our webcam. Using Keras, Python, Tensorflow and Open CV, and, it will build a COVID-19 face mask detector with computer vision. Using computer vision and CNN, I aim to decide whether or not the person in the image or video streaming is wear a mask.

Disease Diagnosis System using Machine Learning

The efficient use of data mining in virtual sectors such as e-соmmerсe, and соmmerсe has led to its use in other industries. The mediсаl environment is still rich but weaker in technical analysis field. There is а lot of information that саn оссur within mediсаl systems. Using powerful analytics tооls to identify the hidden relationships with the current data trends. Disease is а term that provides а large number of соnditiоns connected to the heath care. These mediсаl соnditiоns describe unexpected health соnditiоns that directly соntrоl all the оrgаns of the body. Mediсаl data mining methods such as соrроrаte management mines, сlаssifiсаtiоn, integration is used to аnаlyze various types of соmmоn рhysiсаl problems. Seраrаtiоn is an imроrtаnt рrоblem in data mining. Many рорulаr сliрs make decision trees to рrоduсe саtegоry models. Data сlаssifiсаtiоn is based on the ID3 decision tree algorithm that leads to ассurасy, data are estimated to use entrорy verifiсаtiоn methods based on сrоss-seсtiоnаl and segmentation and results are соmраred. The database used for mасhine learning is divided into 3 parts - training, testing, and finally validation. This approach uses а training set to train а model and define its аррrорriаte раrаmeters. А test set is required to test а professional model and its standard performance. It is estimated that 70% of people in India can catch common illnesses such as viruses, flu, coughs, colds etc. every two months. Because most people do not realize that common allergies can be symptoms of something very serious, 25% of people suddenly die from ignoring the first normal symptoms. Therefore, identifying or predicting the disease early using machine learning (ML) is very important to avoid any unwanted injuries.

Quarantine an effective mode for control of the spread of COVID19? A review

The outbreak of COVID- 19 disease has taken the world by surprise. The disease mainly affects the respiratory system and is caused by a strain of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. Due to its high recombination rates the virus has an immense potential to spread rapidly. Within months of the first case being reported in Wuhan China, the disease has turned rapidly into a pandemic. The world health experts are already actively looking for a definite cure or vaccine for the disease, but till that many of the countries across the globe are looking up onto mass quarantine measures as a method to control its spread. This article is an attempt to review the effectiveness of these measures and the possible adverse effects of the same. Other possible modes of prevention and controlling the spread of the disease have also been reviewed in the article.

Surgical Management of Large Radicular Cyst Associated with Mandibular Deciduous Molar Using Platelet-rich Fibrin Augmentation: A Rare Case Report

Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth are rare and usually cause a large bony defect. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an easily available healing biomaterial in oral surgical defect with the new perspective of accelerated healing of a large bony defect. The present case is of unusually large radicular associated with neglected carious mandibular deciduous second molar in 10-year-old girl and its surgical management with PRF augmentation as a healing biomaterial in the bony defect. One-year follow-up showed uneventful healing and eruption of succedaneous tooth. Healing was relatively faster and facilitated by PRF placement. Furthermore, the importance of anticipatory guidance about the treatment of diseased primary teeth and their preservation gets highlighted.

Evaluation of calcium ion, hydroxyl ion release and pH levels in various calcium hydroxide based intracanal medicaments: An in vitro study

AIMS

Evaluation of calcium ion and hydroxyl ion release and pH levels in various calcium hydroxide based intracanal medicaments.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate calcium and hydroxyl ion release and pH levels of calcium hydroxide based products, namely, RC Cal, Metapex, calcium hydroxide with distilled water, along with the new gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials were inserted in polyethylene tubes and immersed in deionized water. The pH variation, Ca(++) and OH(-) release were monitored periodically for 1 week.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED

Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests with PASW Statistics version 18 software to compare the statistical difference.

RESULTS

After 1 week, calcium hydroxide with distilled water and RC Cal raised the pH to 12.7 and 11.8, respectively, while a small change was observed for Metapex, calcium hydroxide gutta-percha points. The calcium released after 1 week was 15.36 mg/dL from RC Cal, followed by 13.04, 1.296, 3.064 mg/dL from calcium hydroxide with sterile water, Metapex and calcium hydroxide gutta-percha points, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Calcium hydroxide with sterile water and RC Cal pastes liberate significantly more calcium and hydroxyl ions and raise the pH higher than Metapex and calcium hydroxidegutta-percha points.

Conventional surgical treatment of oral mucocele: a series of 23 cases

AIM

Mucocele is a common lesion of the oral mucosa that results from alterations of the minor salivary glands due to mucous accumulation, causing swelling. Conventional surgical treatment was planned for these lesions in a group of children and the success rates of the therapy during the transitional period from mixed to permanent dentition were assessed with a series of follow-ups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A series of 23 cases of mucocele was observed in children under 10 years of age. Clinically the lesions consisted of a soft, bluish and transparent cystic swelling which normally resolved spontaneously and reappeared after rupture in few days. All cases were treated by conventional surgical procedure with excision of minor salivary glands and underwent a 3-year follow-up.

RESULTS

Out of the 23 cases, 19 (82.6%) were in the lower lip, 2 (8.6%) in the cheek, 1 (4.3%) in the retromolar area and 1 (4.3%) in the upper lip. Those in the lower lip, 15 (79%) were away from the midline and 4 (21%) at midline. One (4.3%) recurrence was seen at the 6-month follow-up. After 3 years, recurrence rate remained the same.

CONCLUSION

Conventional surgical excision with removal of affected minor salivary glands in paediatric patients is a definite treatment for mucocele.

Dental aspect of distal tubular renal acidosis with genu valgum secondary to rickets: a case report

Distal renal tubular acidosis is a disease that occurs when the kidneys do not remove acid properly into the urine, leaving the blood too acidic (called acidosis). Distal renal tubular acidosis (type I RTA) is caused by a defect in the kidney tubes that causes acid to build up in the bloodstream. It ultimately results rickets which include chronic skeletal pain, in skeletal deformities, skeletal fractures. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing countries. Dental problems in rickets include delayed eruption of permanent teeth, premature fall of deciduous teeth, defects in structure of teeth, enamel defects in permanent teeth (hypoplastic), pulp defects, intraglobular dentine, and caries tooth. Herewith, reported a case of distal tubular renal acidosis with genu valgum secondary to rickets, with pain and extraoral swelling associated with right and left mandibular 1st permanent molars. Teeth were infected with pulp without being involved with caries. Radiographically cracks in enamel and dentin were observed. Pulp revascularization with 46 and root canal treatment was done for 36 with followup of 1 year.