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Kirchgeorg T, Dreyer A, Gabrielli P, Gabrieli J, Thompson LG, Barbante C, Ebinghaus R. Seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutants on a high altitude glacier in the Eastern Alps. Environ Pollut 2016; 218:804-812. [PMID: 27554981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal accumulations of perfluorinated substances (PFAS), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in a 10 m shallow firn core from a high altitude glacier at Mt. Ortles (Italy, 3830 m above sea level) in South Tyrol in the Italian Eastern Alps. The most abundant persistent organic pollutants of each group were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (for PFASs); BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 209 (for PBDEs) and phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA) and pyrene (PYR) (for PAHs). All compounds show different extents of seasonality, with higher accumulation during summer time compared to winter. This seasonal difference mainly reflects meteorological conditions with a low and stable atmospheric boundary layer in winter and strong convective activity in summer, transformation processes during the transport of chemicals and/or post-depositional alterations. Change in the composition of the water-soluble PFCAs demonstrates the influence of meltwater percolation through the firn layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kirchgeorg
- Department for Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy; Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - A Dreyer
- Department for Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany; Air Monitoring, Eurofins GfA GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Gabrielli
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center and School of Earth Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Gabrieli
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Council of Research (IDPA-CNR), Venice, Italy
| | - L G Thompson
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center and School of Earth Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C Barbante
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Council of Research (IDPA-CNR), Venice, Italy
| | - R Ebinghaus
- Department for Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
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Brenninkmeijer, CAM, Slemr F, Koeppel C, Scharffe DS, Pupek M, Lelieveld J, Crutzen P, Zahn A, Sprung D, Fischer H, Hermann M, Reichelt M, Heintzenberg J, Schlager H, Ziereis H, Schumann U, Dix B, Platt U, Ebinghaus R, Martinsson B, Ciais P, Filippi D, Leuenberger M, Oram D, Penkett S, van Velthoven P, Waibel A. Analyzing atmospheric trace gases and aerosols using passenger aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005eo080001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bahimann E, Ebinghaus R. Process studies on mercury fluxes over different soils with a Laboratory Flux Measurement System (LFMS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:20030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ebinghaus R, Kock HH, Schmolke SR. Measurements of atmospheric mercury with high time resolution: recent applications in environmental research and monitoring. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2001; 371:806-15. [PMID: 11768470 DOI: 10.1007/s002160101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past five years automated high time-resolution measurements of mercury species in ambient air have promoted remarkable progress in the understanding of the spatial distribution, short-term variability, and fate of this priority pollutant in the lower troposphere. Examples show the wide range of possible applications of these techniques in environmental research and monitoring. Presented applications of measurement methods for total gaseous mercury (TGM) include long-term monitoring of atmospheric mercury at a coastal station, simultaneous measurements during a south-to-north transect measurement campaign covering a distance of approximately 800 km, the operation on board of a research aircraft, and the quantification of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surface soils. First results obtained with a new method for the determination of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) are presented. Typical background concentrations of TGM are between 1.5 and 2 ng m(-3) in the lower troposphere. Concentrations of RGM have been determined at a rural site in Germany between 2 and 35 pg m(-3). Flux measurements over naturally enriched surface soils in the Western U.S.A. have revealed emission fluxes of up to 200 ng Hg m(-1) h(-1) under dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ebinghaus
- GKSS-Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research/Physical and Chemical Analysis, Geesthacht, Germany.
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Elsholz O, Frank C, Matyschok B, Steiner F, Wurl O, Stachel B, Reincke H, Schulze M, Ebinghaus R, Hempel M. On-line determination of mercury in river water at the German monitoring station Schnackenburg/Elbe. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2000; 366:196-9. [PMID: 11225927 DOI: 10.1007/s002160050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A monitor is described which provides the on-line determination of mercury in river water at concentrations from 20 to 1000 ng/L. The measurement includes an on-line digestion with Br-/BrO3- and UV-radiation. Each determination is controlled by an on-line addition of 50 and 100 ng/L mercury carried out by pre-dilution of a 500 and 1000 ng/L stock solution using sequential injection analysis (SIA). One cycle of analysis takes 20 min and results in nine signals. A five days stand-alone operation has been performed successfully. Details are also published at web page: "http/www.rzbd.fh-hamburg.de/-prmercol".
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Gustin MS, Lindberg S, Marsik F, Casimir A, Ebinghaus R, Edwards G, Hubble-Fitzgerald C, Kemp R, Kock H, Leonard T, London J, Majewski M, Montecinos C, Owens J, Pilote M, Poissant L, Rasmussen P, Schaedlich F, Schneeberger D, Schroeder W, Sommar J, Turner R, Vette A, Wallschlaeger D, Xiao Z, Zhang H. Nevada STORMS project: Measurement of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lindberg SE, Zhang H, Gustin M, Vette A, Marsik F, Owens J, Casimir A, Ebinghaus R, Edwards G, Fitzgerald C, Kemp J, Kock HH, London J, Majewski M, Poissant L, Pilote M, Rasmussen P, Schaedlich F, Schneeberger D, Sommar J, Turner R, Wallschläger D, Xiao Z. Increases in mercury emissions from desert soils in response to rainfall and irrigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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