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Grams RJ, Santos WL, Scorei IR, Abad-García A, Rosenblum CA, Bita A, Cerecetto H, Viñas C, Soriano-Ursúa MA. The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2441-2511. [PMID: 38382032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) have emerged as important pharmacophores. To date, five BCC drugs (including boronic acids and boroles) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer, infections, and atopic dermatitis, while some natural BCC are included in dietary supplements. Boron's Lewis acidity facilitates a mechanism of action via formation of reversible covalent bonds within the active site of target proteins. Boron has also been employed in the development of fluorophores, such as BODIPY for imaging, and in carboranes that are potential neutron capture therapy agents as well as novel agents in diagnostics and therapy. The utility of natural and synthetic BCC has become multifaceted, and the breadth of their applications continues to expand. This review covers the many uses and targets of boron in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Antonio Abad-García
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrei Bita
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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Murray JH, Burgio AL, Beretta M, Hargett SR, Harris TE, Olzomer E, Grams RJ, Garcia CJ, Li C, Salamoun JM, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Oxadiazolopyridine Derivatives as Efficacious Mitochondrial Uncouplers in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Obesity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3876-3895. [PMID: 36882080 PMCID: PMC10167758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule mitochondrial uncouplers are gaining recognition as potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specifically, heterocycles derived from BAM15, a potent and mitochondria-selective uncoupler, have yielded promising preclinical candidates that are efficacious in animal models of obesity and NASH. In this study, we report the structure-activity relationship studies of 6-amino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ol derivatives. Using oxygen consumption rate as a readout of mitochondrial uncoupling, we established 5-hydroxyoxadiazolopyridines as mild uncouplers. In particular, SHM115, which contains a pentafluoro aniline, had an EC50 value of 17 μM and exhibited 75% oral bioavailability. SHM115 treatment increased the energy expenditure and lowered the body fat mass in two diet-induced obesity mouse models, including an obesity prevention model and an obesity reversal model. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of mild mitochondrial uncouplers for the prevention of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ariel L Burgio
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ellen Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Grams RJ, Hsu KL. Catch your breath. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:686-687. [PMID: 35710618 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, , University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Grams RJ, Hsu KL. Reactive chemistry for covalent probe and therapeutic development. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:249-262. [PMID: 34998611 PMCID: PMC8840975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive small molecules that form covalent bonds with a target protein are important tools for basic research and can be highly effective drugs. This review highlights reactive groups found in a collection of thiophilic and oxophilic drugs that mediate pharmacological activity through a covalent mechanism of action (MOA). We describe the application of advanced proteomic and bioanalytical methodologies for assessing selectivity of these covalent agents to guide and inspire the search for additional electrophiles suitable for covalent probe and therapeutic development. While the emphasis is on chemistry for modifying catalytic serine, threonine or cysteine residues, we devote a substantial fraction of the review to a collection of exploratory reactive groups of understudied residues on proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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Grams RJ, Lawal MM, Szwetkowski C, Foster D, Rosenblum CA, Slebodnick C, Welborn VV, Santos WL. Organocatalytic
Trans
Semireduction of Primary and Secondary Propiolamides: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Studies. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Connor Szwetkowski
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Daniel Foster
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Valerie Vaissier Welborn
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech 900 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States
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Grams RJ, Garcia CJ, Szwetkowski C, Santos WL. Catalytic, Transition-Metal-Free Semireduction of Propiolamide Derivatives: Scope and Mechanistic Investigation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7013-7018. [PMID: 32846095 PMCID: PMC10998456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a transition-metal-free trans-selective semireduction of alkynes with pinacolborane and catalytic potassium tert-butoxide. A variety of 3-substituted primary and secondary propiolamides, including an analog of FK866, a potent nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (NMNAT) inhibitor, are reduced to the corresponding (E)-3-substituted acrylamide derivatives in up to 99% yield with >99:1 E/Z selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that an activated Lewis acid-base complex transfers a hydride to the α-carbon followed by rapid protonation in a trans fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Connor Szwetkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Grams RJ, Fritzemeier RG, Slebodnick C, Santos WL. trans-Hydroboration of Propiolamides: Access to Primary and Secondary (E)-β-Borylacrylamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:6795-6799. [PMID: 31393740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Russell G. Fritzemeier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Verma A, Grams RJ, Rastatter BP, Santos WL. Semireduction of alkynoic acids via a transition metal-free α borylation-protodeborylation sequence. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Grams RJ. Influencing the training of nurses. Health Serv Manager 1981; 14:11-3. [PMID: 10253408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Moore JF, Grams RJ. Hospitals list nurse graduate expectations. Hospitals 1980; 54:73-5. [PMID: 7372297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of an inventory of skills needed by nurses entering hospital practice has improved nursing college curriculumns and hospital in-service education in Arizona.
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Grams RJ. Developing a labor relations program. Hosp Forum 1976; 18:6, 8. [PMID: 10242031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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