1
|
Simi H, Guggenberger B, Holler P, Christova M, Pilz R, Staubmann W. Dual task test: Screening procedure for early detection of cognitive impairment among healthy adults. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early detection of cognitive impairment can slow progression to dementia when using appropriate therapy. For early detection of dementia dual task combining cognitive tasks and walking might be suitable, since individuals with cognitive impairment have shown greater changes in gait specific parameters on dual task test (DT) compared to single task test (ST). This study investigates whether these changes correlate with poorer cognitive function in healthy older adults.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study 174 healthy adults (66,48±4,26years; 40%female) completed the Cognitive Functions Dementia Test (CFD), with a lower CFD index indicating lower cognitive function. Participants performed ST (walking 20m) and DT (walking 20m & counting backwards), in which step frequency, stride length and gait speed were monitored by Pablo sensors. Cognitive cost (CC) was determined for each gait variable. CC represents a change score between SD & DT and quantifies cognitive demands, with higher CC indicating poorer cognitive function. Pearson correlations and stepwise linear regression adjusted for age and gender were applied to analyze the association between CFD Index (dependent variable) and CC gate variables (predictors) (α = 5%).
Results
Significant correlations were observed between CFD Index and CC step frequency (p=.014, r=-.187), CC stride length (p=.037, r=-.160) and CC gait speed (p=.002, r=-.232). Since gait variables were intercorrelated (multicollinearity), only gait speed was significant predictor for CFD Index (ß = -.243, p<.001, R2 = .053) in a stepwise adjusted regression model.
Conclusions
Changes in gait speed might be sensitive enough to indicate differences of cognitive performance among older individuals. Therefore, DT could be included in screening procedures as alert for potential cognitive decline.
Key messages
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Simi
- Sport Science Laboratory, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - B Guggenberger
- Institute of Physiotherapy, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences , Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - P Holler
- Sport Science Laboratory, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - M Christova
- Institute of Physiotherapy, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences , Graz, Austria
- Section of Physiology, Otto Loewi Resarch Centre, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - R Pilz
- Institute of Dietetics & Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences , Graz, Austria
| | - W Staubmann
- Institute of Dietetics & Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences , Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bengesser SA, Hohenberger H, Tropper B, Dalkner N, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Rieger A, Maget A, Hamm C, Queissner R, Pilz R, Bauer K, Lenger M, Mörkl S, Wagner-Skacel J, Kapfhammer HP, Meier-Allard N, Stracke A, Holasek SJ, Murphy L, Reininghaus EZ. Gene expression analysis of MAOA and the clock gene ARNTL in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:287-294. [PMID: 34468263 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1973816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythms are associated with bipolar disorder (BD). This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating ARNTL and MAOA gene expression differences (1) between individuals with BD and controls, (2) between affective episodes, and (3) the relationship between ARNTL and MAOA expression. METHODS ARNTL and MAOA gene expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells were analysed from fasting blood samples (BD n = 81, controls n = 54) with quantitative real-time PCR operating on TaqMan® assays (normalised to 18S RNA expression). ANCOVAs corrected for age, sex, body mass index, and medication was used to evaluate expression differences and correlation analyses for the relation between ARNTL and MAOA expression. RESULTS ARNTL gene expression differed between affective episodes (F(2,78) = 3.198, p = 0.047, Partial Eta2= 0.083), but not between BD and controls (n.s.). ARNTL and MAOA expression correlated positively in BD (r = 0.704, p < 0.001) and in controls (r = 0.932, p < 0.001). MAOA expression differed neither between BD and controls nor between affective episodes (n.s.). DISCUSSION Clock gene expression changes were observed in different affective states of BD. More precisely, ARNTL gene expression was significantly higher in euthymia than in depression. ARNTL and MAOA gene expression correlated significantly in BD and in controls, which emphasises the strong concatenation between circadian rhythms and neurotransmitter breakdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H Hohenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Tropper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Rieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N Meier-Allard
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Stracke
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S J Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - L Murphy
- CAMH Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bengesser SA, Mörkl S, Painold A, Dalkner N, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Queissner R, Hamm C, Maget A, Pilz R, Rieger A, Wagner-Skacel J, Reininghaus B, Kapfhammer HP, Petek E, Kashofer K, Halwachs B, Holzer P, Waha A, Reininghaus EZ. Epigenetics of the molecular clock and bacterial diversity in bipolar disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:160-166. [PMID: 30465968 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The gut microbiome harbors substantially more genetic material than our body cells and has an impact on a huge variety of physiological mechanisms including the production of neurotransmitters and the interaction with brain functions through the gut-brain-axis. Products of microbiota can affect methylation according to preclinical studies. The current investigation aimed at analyzing the correlation between gut microbiome diversity and the methylation of the clock gene ARNTL in individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD). Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from fasting blood of study participants with BD (n = 32). The methylation analysis of the ARNTL CG site cg05733463 was performed by bisulfite treatment of genomic DNA with the Epitect kit, PCR and pyrosequencing. Additionally, DNA was extracted from stool samples and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. QIIME was used to analyze microbiome data. Results Methylation status of the ARNTL CpG position cg05733463 correlated significantly with bacterial diversity (Simpson index: r= -0.389, p = 0.0238) and evenness (Simpson evenness index: r= -0.358, p = 0.044). Furthermore, bacterial diversity differed significantly between euthymia and depression (F(1,30) = 4.695, p = 0.039). Discussion The results of our pilot study show that bacterial diversity differs between euthymia and depression. Interestingly, gut microbiome diversity and evenness correlate negatively with methylation of ARNTL, which is known to regulate monoamine oxidase A transcription. We propose that alterations in overall diversity of the gut microbiome represent an internal environmental factor that has an epigenetic impact on the clock gene ARNTL which is thought to be involved in BD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Bengesser
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - S Mörkl
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria.
| | - A Painold
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - N Dalkner
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - A Birner
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - C Hamm
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - A Maget
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - R Pilz
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - A Rieger
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - J Wagner-Skacel
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - B Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| | - E Petek
- MUG, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Human Genetics, Austria
| | | | | | - P Holzer
- MUG, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Austria
| | - A Waha
- University of Bonn, Institute of Neuropathology, Germany
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz (MUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dalkner N, Bengesser SA, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Hamm C, Platzer M, Pilz R, Queissner R, Rieger A, Weber B, Kapfhammer HP, Weiss EM, Reininghaus EZ. The relationship between "Eyes Reading" ability and verbal memory in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:42-51. [PMID: 30639563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In psychiatric disorders, neurocognitive impairments are prevalent and have been associated with poor outcome. Deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM, "mentalising") have also been observed in bipolar disorder (BD); however, the literature shows inconsistent data. The aim of this study was to explore ToM performance in a well-characterized sample of euthymic individuals with BD and its relationship with neurocognitive function. One hundred sixteen euthymic patients with BD between 18 and 74 years (mean age = 42.4, SD = 13.8) and 79 healthy controls (mean age = 39.8, SD = 16.5) were investigated with an extensive neurocognitive test battery (Trail Making Test A/B, d2 Test of Attention, Stroop Color-Word Test, California Verbal Learning Test, Multiple Choice Vocabulary Test). Additionally, all participants were given the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) to measure affective ToM, the ability to make assumptions about other people´s feelings. Overall, "Eyes Reading" performance was not impaired in individuals with BD compared with controls. However, a significant relationship between RMET and verbal memory in BD was shown, particularly in males. Data showed worse RMET performance in patients with memory deficits compared to patients without memory deficits and controls. Due to cross-sectional data, no conclusions can be made with respect to cause and effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - S A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - A Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - C Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - R Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - A Rieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - B Weber
- Department of Biological Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - E M Weiss
- Department of Biological Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kragl U, Arndt C, Eckstein M, Horn A, Pilz R, Schumacher J. Hohe Temperaturen, Lösungsmittel & Mehrphasensysteme– Neue Trends und Verfahren in der Enzymkatalyse. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200490195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
6
|
Pilz R, Hammer E, Schauer F, Kragl U. Laccase-catalysed synthesis of coupling products of phenolic substrates in different reactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 60:708-12. [PMID: 12664150 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-002-1181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2002] [Revised: 10/15/2002] [Accepted: 10/18/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Substrate oxidation of aromatic substances by the enzyme laccase followed by a heteromolecular coupling with a co-substrate is a promising possibility for the synthesis of new compounds. To find a suitable reactor for the effective production of new compounds, the laccase-catalysed coupling of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with 4-aminobenzoic acid was investigated as a model system. Based on the kinetic parameters, a mathematical model was used to predict the reaction yield and oxygen demand in a discontinuously stirred tank reactor and a continuously operated stirred tank reactor. Membrane processes were used for bubble-free aeration of the system and to recover the soluble enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pilz
- Rostock University, Department of Chemistry, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dahle MK, Knutsen HK, Taskén KA, Pilz R, Taskén K. Cyclic AMP regulates expression of the RI alpha subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase through an alternatively spliced 5' UTR. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:5920-9. [PMID: 11722580 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines novel mechanisms that regulate levels of the RI alpha subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. We found that RI alpha protein is induced threefold by 8-(4-chlorophenyl)thio-cAMP in hormone responsive rat Sertoli cells, while total RI alpha mRNA is not correspondingly induced. Two RI alpha mRNA isoforms with different 5' untranslated sequences (RI alpha 1a and RI alpha 1b) are produced from the RI alpha gene in Sertoli cells. Deletion/mutation analysis of the cAMP-response-element-containing promoter upstream of the RI alpha exon 1b revealed that while mutation of the cAMP response element had no effects on cAMP-mediated induction, a 73-bp region of the RI alpha exon 1b itself conferred a fivefold to eightfold induction of reporter activity to homologous and heterologous promoters. The responsiveness of this region was dependent on a sense orientation downstream of the promoter start sites and had no effect on reporter mRNA, indicating that the cAMP-mediated induction occurs at the post-transcriptional level. Modeling of the RI alpha 1b 5' UTR secondary structure revealed a 5' CAP-proximal, strong stem-loop presenting an element similar to multiple start-site element downstream-1 (GCTCGG) in the loop region. RNA-EMSAs performed with the labeled RI alpha 1b 5' UTR showed stabilization of a protein/RNA complex in extracts from 8-(4-chlorophenyl)thio-cAMP stimulated Sertoli cells. This complex was abolished by mutation of the multiple start-site element downstream-1-like element. Our findings indicate that there is a cAMP-mediated induction of RI alpha expression at the post-transcriptional level, dependent on the 5' UTR of RI alpha 1b mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Dahle
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jung T, Krull R, Pilz R, Hempel DC. Modeling of Ozonation for Industrial Wastewater Purification. CHEM-ING-TECH 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2640(200106)73:6<595::aid-cite5952222>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Grens
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heinz F, Pilz R, Reckel S, Kalden JR, Haeckel R. A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of 5'-nucleotidase. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1980; 18:781-8. [PMID: 6255057 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1980.18.11.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of 5'-nucleotidase. In combination with the enzymes nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase, inosine, formed by hydrolysis of 5'-IMP by 5'-nucleotidase, is cleaved phosphorolytically to hypoxanthine, which is oxidized to uric acid. In the presence of ethanol, the hydrogen peroxide formed is reduced by catalase and equivalent amounts of acetaldehyde are produced. The aldehyde is dehydrogenated (NADP-dependent) by aldehyde dehydrogenase and the production rate of NADPH is recorded at 334 nm. The inhibition of the unspecific cleavage of 5'-IMP by phosphatases is examined critically.
Collapse
|
11
|
Heinz F, Reckel S, Pilz R, Kalden JR. A new spectrophotometric assay for enzymes of purine metabolism. III. Determination of purine nucleoside phosphorylases. Enzyme 1980; 25:44-9. [PMID: 6767604 DOI: 10.1159/000459214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method especially suitable for biological materials is described for the determination of purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity. In combination with the enzymes xanthine oxidase, catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and in the presence of ethanol and NAD(P), the purines formed by phosphorylysis of purine nucleosides are oxidized and the absorption of the NAD(P)H formed is taken for the calculation of nucleoside phosphorylase activity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Heinz F, Reckel S, Pilz R, Kalden JR. A new spectrophotometric assay for enzymes of purine metabolism. IV. Determination of adenosine deaminase. Enzyme 1980; 25:50-5. [PMID: 7363876 DOI: 10.1159/000459215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of adenosine deaminase is described. Adenosine is deaminated to inosine, the latter is cleaved by an inosine-guanosine specific nucleoside phosphorylase to hypoxanthine and ribose-1-phosphate. Hypoxanthine can be oxidized further to uric acid by xanthine oxidase or to allantoin by xanthine oxidase and uricase. The hydrogen peroxide formed in these reactions is reduced by catalase to water. In the presence of high concentrations of ethanol, equivalent amounts of acetaldehyde are produced. The acetaldehyde is oxidized NAD(P) dependent and the production rate of NAD(P)H is recorded at 334 nm. The new method is suitable for the detection of adenosine deaminase in whole blood, lymphocytes, sera and tissues.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pilz R. [Therapeutic effect of Aristochol concentrate granulate in chronic cholecystopathies]. Med Welt 1975; 26:1385-8. [PMID: 1100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Pilz R. [Internal hospital treatment of spinal and joint diseases. Experiences with a new percutaneously acting drug]. Z Allgemeinmed 1971; 47:1169-1172. [PMID: 5568093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
15
|
Pilz R. [The traffic accident as a lesson]. Osterr Schwesternztg 1969; 22:101. [PMID: 5193425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|