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Fleischhacker E, Sprecher CM, Milz S, Saller MM, Wirz R, Zboray R, Parrilli A, Gleich J, Siebenbürger G, Böcker W, Ockert B, Helfen T. Inflammatory tissue response in human soft tissue is caused by a higher particle load near carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK compared to titanium plates. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00195-8. [PMID: 38636789 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Titanium as the leading implant material in locked plating is challenged by polymers such as carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK), which became the focus of interest of researchers and manufacturers in recent years. However, data on human tissue response to these new implant materials are rare. Osteosynthesis plates and peri‑implant soft tissue samples of 16 healed proximal humerus fractures were examined (n = 8 CFR-PEEK, n = 8 titanium). Soft tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and µCT. The entrapped foreign bodies were further examined for their material composition by FTIR. To gain insight into their origin and formation mechanism, explanted and new plates were evaluated by SEM, EDX, profilometry and HR-CT. In the peri‑implant soft tissue of the CFR-PEEK plates, an inflammatory tissue reaction was detected. Tissues contained foreign bodies, which could be identified as tantalum wires, carbon fiber fragments and PEEK particles. Titanium particles were also found in the peri‑implant soft tissue of the titanium plates but showed a less intense surrounding tissue inflammation in immunohistochemistry. The surface of explanted CFR-PEEK plates was rougher and showed exposed and broken carbon fibers as well as protruding and deformed tantalum wires, especially in used screw holes, whereas scratches were identified on the titanium plate surfaces. Particles were present in the peri‑implant soft tissue neighboring both implant materials and could be clearly assigned to the plate material. Particles from both plate materials caused detectable tissue inflammation, with more inflammatory cells found in soft tissue over CFR-PEEK plates than over titanium plates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteosynthesis plates are ubiquitously used in various medical specialties for the reconstruction of bone fractures and defects and are therefore indispensable for trauma surgeons, ENT specialists and many others. The leading implant material are metals such as titanium, but recently implants made of polymers such as carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) have become increasingly popular. However, little is known about human tissue reaction and particle generation related to these new implant types. To clarify this question, 16 osteosynthesis plates (n = 8 titanium and n = 8 CFR-PEEK) and the overlying soft tissue were analyzed regarding particle occurrence and tissue inflammation. Tissue inflammation is clinically relevant for the development of scar tissue, which is discussed to cause movement restrictions and thus contributes significantly to patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fleischhacker
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - C M Sprecher
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - S Milz
- Anatomische Anstalt der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336 München, Germany
| | - M M Saller
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - R Wirz
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, 2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - R Zboray
- EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Parrilli
- EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J Gleich
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - G Siebenbürger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - W Böcker
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - B Ockert
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - T Helfen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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Mohr M, Dong Y, Bracker GP, Hyers RW, Matson DM, Zboray R, Frison R, Dommann A, Neels A, Xiao X, Brillo J, Busch R, Novakovic R, Srirangam P, Fecht HJ. Electromagnetic levitation containerless processing of metallic materials in microgravity: thermophysical properties. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37130899 PMCID: PMC10154313 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitions from the liquid to the solid state of matter are omnipresent. They form a crucial step in the industrial solidification of metallic alloy melts and are greatly influenced by the thermophysical properties of the melt. Knowledge of the thermophysical properties of liquid metallic alloys is necessary in order to gain a tight control over the solidification pathway, and over the obtained material structure of the solid. Measurements of thermophysical properties on ground are often difficult, or even impossible, since liquids are strongly influenced by earth's gravity. Another problem is the reactivity of melts with container materials, especially at high temperature. Finally, deep undercooling, necessary to understand nucleus formation and equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium solidification, can only be achieved in a containerless environment. Containerless experiments in microgravity allow precise benchmark measurements of thermophysical properties. The electromagnetic levitator ISS-EML on the International Space Station (ISS) offers perfect conditions for such experiments. This way, data for process simulations is obtained, and a deeper understanding of nucleation, crystal growth, microstructural evolution, and other details of the transformation from liquid to solid can be gained. Here, we address the scientific questions in detail, show highlights of recent achievements, and give an outlook on future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohr
- Institute of Functional Nanosystems, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Straße 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Y Dong
- Institute of Functional Nanosystems, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - G P Bracker
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R W Hyers
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - D M Matson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - R Zboray
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R Frison
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Dommann
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - X Xiao
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Köln, Germany
| | - J Brillo
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Köln, Germany
| | - R Busch
- Lehrstuhl für Metallische Werkstoffe, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - R Novakovic
- National Research Council (CNR-ICMATE), Via de Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Srirangam
- Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - H-J Fecht
- Institute of Functional Nanosystems, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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Borzì A, Zboray R, Dolabella S, Brun S, Telmont F, Kupferschmied P, Le Neal J, Drljaca P, Fiorucci G, Dommann A, Neels A. HRXRD and micro-CT investigation of stress and defects induced by a novel packaging design for MEMS sensors. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322094724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Borzì A, Zboray R, Dolabella S, Dommann A, Neels A. Determination of stress, cracks and defects density in crystals after wafer-bonding processes: a novel HRXRD–X-ray micro-CT conjoint analytical approach. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Soubelet B, Adams R, Kromer H, Zboray R, Prasser HM. Feasibility study of using a compact deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron generator for energy-selective transmission tomography. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zboray R, Adams R, Kis Z. Fast neutron radiography and tomography at a 10MW research reactor beamline. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 119:43-50. [PMID: 27842231 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fast neutron imaging was performed using a beamline of the 10MW research reactor of the Budapest Neutron Centre, Hungary. A simple, low-cost 2D area detector has been used featuring a 8mm thick BC400 plastic scintillator converter screen and a CCD camera. A spatial resolution of around 1.3mm has been achieved. Typically 10min long exposures were needed to obtain reasonable quality radiographic images. For tomographic imaging typically several hours of acquisition were needed to obtain reasonable quality on non-symmetric and larger (e.g. 10×10×10cm3) objects. Due to the presence of a significant gamma background at the experimental position, massive (30cm thick) lead shielding and filtering was applied to the beam. The gamma contribution was mostly baseline independent of the object imaged and therefore could be subtracted, whereas the direct gamma contribution from the beam to the imaging detector signal is estimated to be less than 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zboray
- Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland.
| | - R Adams
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Sonnegstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z Kis
- Hungarian Academy of Science, Centre for Energy Research, 29-33 Konkoly Thege Miklos street, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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Cortesi M, Dangendorf V, Zboray R, Prasser HM. A novel fast-neutron detector concept for energy-selective imaging and imaging spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:073305. [PMID: 25085132 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present and discuss the operational principle of a new fast-neutron detector concept suitable for either energy-selective imaging or for imaging spectroscopy. The detector is comprised of a series of energy-selective stacks of converter foils immersed in a noble-gas based mixture, coupled to a position-sensitive charge readout. Each foil in the various stacks is made of two layers of different thicknesses, fastened together: a hydrogen-rich (plastic) layer for neutron-to-proton conversion, and a hydrogen-free coating to selectively stop/absorb the recoil protons below a certain energy cut-off. The neutron-induced recoil protons, that escape the converter foils, release ionization electrons in the gas gaps between consecutive foils. The electrons are then drifted towards and localized by a position-sensitive charge amplification and readout stage. Comparison of the images detected by stacks with different energy cut-offs allows energy-selective imaging. Neutron energy spectrometry is realized by analyzing the responses of a sufficient large number of stacks of different energy response and unfolding techniques. In this paper, we present the results of computer simulation studies and discuss the expected performance of the new detector concept. Potential applications in various fields are also briefly discussed, in particularly, the application of energy-selective fast-neutron imaging for nuclear safeguards application, with the aim of determining the plutonium content in Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cortesi
- Nuclear Energy and Safety Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5234, Switzerland
| | - V Dangendorf
- Ion and Neutron Radiation Department, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - R Zboray
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - H-M Prasser
- Nuclear Energy and Safety Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5234, Switzerland
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Zboray R, Mor I, Dangendorf V, Stark M, Tittelmeier K, Cortesi M, Adams R. High-frame rate imaging of two-phase flow in a thin rectangular channel using fast neutrons. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:122-31. [PMID: 24709611 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the feasibility of performing high-frame-rate, fast neutron radiography of air-water two-phase flows in a thin channel with rectangular cross section. The experiments have been carried out at the accelerator facility of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. A polychromatic, high-intensity fast neutron beam with average energy of 6 MeV was produced by 11.5 MeV deuterons hitting a thick Be target. Image sequences down to 10 ms exposure times were obtained using a fast-neutron imaging detector developed in the context of fast-neutron resonance imaging. Different two-phase flow regimes such as bubbly slug and churn flows have been examined. Two phase flow parameters like the volumetric gas fraction, bubble size and mean bubble velocities have been measured. The first results are promising, improvements for future experiments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zboray
- Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland.
| | - I Mor
- Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - V Dangendorf
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Stark
- Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - K Tittelmeier
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Cortesi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Sonnegstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Adams
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Sonnegstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Cortesi M, Zboray R, Kaestner A, Prasser HM. Development of a cold-neutron imaging detector based on thick gaseous electron multiplier. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:023305. [PMID: 23464202 DOI: 10.1063/1.4793225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of our recent studies on a cold-neutron imaging detector prototype based on THick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (THGEM). The detector consists of a thin Boron layer, for neutron-to-charged particle conversion, coupled to two THGEM electrodes in cascade for charge amplification and a position-sensitive charge-readout anode. The detector operates in Ne∕(5%)CF4, at atmospheric pressure, in a stable condition at a gain of around 10(4). Due to the geometrical structure of the detector elements (THGEM geometry and charge read-out anode), the image of detector active area shows a large inhomogeneity, corrected using a dedicated flat-filed correction algorithm. The prototype provides a detection efficiency of 5% and an effective spatial resolution of the order of 1.3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cortesi
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen PSI CH-5234, Switzerland
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Yadigaroglu G, Simiano M, Milenkovic R, Kubasch J, Milelli M, Zboray R, De Cachard F, Smith B, Lakehal D, Sigg B. CFD4NRS with a focus on experimental and CMFD investigations of bubbly flows. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zboray R, de Cachard F. Simulating large-scale bubble plumes using various closure and two-phase turbulence models. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2004.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zboray R, de Kruijf W, van der Hagen T. Stabilising boiling water reactors by optimising the position of the feedwater sparger. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0029-5493(02)00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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