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Millan R, Jager E, Mouginot J, Wood MH, Larsen SH, Mathiot P, Jourdain NC, Bjørk A. Rapid disintegration and weakening of ice shelves in North Greenland. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6914. [PMID: 37935697 PMCID: PMC10630314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The glaciers of North Greenland are hosting enough ice to raise sea level by 2.1 m, and have long considered to be stable. This part of Greenland is buttressed by the last remaining ice shelves of the ice sheet. Here, we show that since 1978, ice shelves in North Greenland have lost more than 35% of their total volume, three of them collapsing completely. For the floating ice shelves that remain we observe a widespread increase in ice shelf mass losses, that are dominated by enhanced basal melting rates. Between 2000 and 2020, there was a widespread increase in basal melt rates that closely follows a rise in the ocean temperature. These glaciers are showing a direct dynamical response to ice shelf changes with retreating grounding lines and increased ice discharge. These results suggest that, under future projections of ocean thermal forcing, basal melting rates will continue to rise or remain at high level, which may have dramatic consequences for the stability of Greenlandic glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Millan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP, 38400, Grenoble, Isère, France.
| | - E Jager
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP, 38400, Grenoble, Isère, France
| | - J Mouginot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP, 38400, Grenoble, Isère, France
| | - M H Wood
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San José State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - S H Larsen
- Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Mathiot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP, 38400, Grenoble, Isère, France
| | - N C Jourdain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP, 38400, Grenoble, Isère, France
| | - A Bjørk
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Rounce DR, Hock R, McNabb RW, Millan R, Sommer C, Braun MH, Malz P, Maussion F, Mouginot J, Seehaus TC, Shean DE. Distributed Global Debris Thickness Estimates Reveal Debris Significantly Impacts Glacier Mass Balance. Geophys Res Lett 2021; 48:e2020GL091311. [PMID: 34219840 PMCID: PMC8244090 DOI: 10.1029/2020gl091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supraglacial debris affects glacier mass balance as a thin layer enhances surface melting, while a thick layer reduces it. While many glaciers are debris-covered, global glacier models do not account for debris because its thickness is unknown. We provide the first globally distributed debris thickness estimates using a novel approach combining sub-debris melt and surface temperature inversion methods. Results are evaluated against observations from 22 glaciers. We find the median global debris thickness is ∼0.15 ± 0.06 m. In all regions, the net effect of accounting for debris is a reduction in sub-debris melt, on average, by 37%, which can impact regional mass balance by up to 0.40 m water equivalent (w.e.) yr-1. We also find recent observations of similar thinning rates over debris-covered and clean ice glacier tongues is primarily due to differences in ice dynamics. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for debris in glacier modeling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Rounce
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA
- Geophysical InstituteUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA
| | - R. Hock
- Geophysical InstituteUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - R. W. McNabb
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- School of Geography and Environmental SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - R. Millan
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRSIRD, Grenoble INP, IGEGrenobleFrance
| | - C. Sommer
- Institut für GeographieFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - M. H. Braun
- Institut für GeographieFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - P. Malz
- Institut für GeographieFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - F. Maussion
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric SciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - J. Mouginot
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRSIRD, Grenoble INP, IGEGrenobleFrance
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - T. C. Seehaus
- Institut für GeographieFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - D. E. Shean
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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Tizon Marcos H, Marrugat J, Vaquerizo B, Ariza A, Lidon R, Carrillo X, Garcia-Picart J, Garcia-Munoz J, Millan R, Ribas N, Menendez E, Duran X, Poirier P, Mauri Farre F. The Family Income Ratio of Barcelona and its impact on treatment delays and one-year mortality in 3173 cases of STEMI treated at the Codi IAM network. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
STEMI networks have spread reperfusion and have decreased treatment delays.Increased treatment times have a negative impact on mortality after STEMI.The Family Income Ratio of Barcelona (FIRB) is an indicator that combines economic and socio-cultural welfare that is annually documented at the different Barcelona's neighborhoods by the Barcelona Public Health Office.
Purpose
To evaluate if FIRB has a prognostic impact on STEMI treatment times and mortality on patients of Barcelona city treated in the Codi IAM Network with primary PCI.
Methods
Analysis of all data from “Codi IAM Network” from STEMI treatment in Barcelona city from 2010 to 2016 -including treatment delays, clinical risk factors and 1-year all-cause mortality- and corresponding FIRB for each patient and episode.FIRB is divided into tertiles.Multilevel analysis is performed to obtain factors associated to EKG-opening artery time and cox-regression on 1-year all-cause mortality.
Results
3173 cases of STEMI were included with a mean age of 65±13, 25% women,21% diabetes mellitus and 42% hypertension.Characteristics of population, treatment and mortality per FIRB tertile is shown in Table 1.Multilevel analysis showed that age,diabetes mellitus,heart failure at admission,FIRB and who performed first care were associated to EKG-Opening Artery Time (all p<0.003).However,only age,heart failure at admission,who performed first care and EKG-opening artery time>120min were significantly associated to 1-year all-cause mortality (p<0.005) but not FIRB.
Conclusions
Patients at the lower FIRB treated for STEMI in Barcelona showed younger age,worse cardiovascular profile and longer treatment delays.Longer EKG-open artery time was associated to diabetes mellitus, heart failure, first assistance care and lower FIRB.One-year all-cause mortality was not associated to FIRB.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tizon Marcos
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Marrugat
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Vaquerizo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ariza
- University Hospital of Bellvitge, Cardiology department, Hospitalet De Llobregat, Spain
| | - R.M Lidon
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Cardiology department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Carrillo
- Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - R Millan
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Ribas
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Menendez
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Duran
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Poirier
- Centre de Recherche de lInstitut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Calvo Fernandez A, Negrete A, Tizon-Marcos H, Millan R, Salvatella N, De La Torre J, Diez J, Ivern C, Gomez-Lara J, Vaquerizo B. Similar degree of intimal coverage and apposition among drug-eluting stents with persistent, absorbable or without polymer at 1 and 6 months after implantation. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite technological advances in drug-eluting stents (DES) design, delayed vascular healing is still a problem, triggered by the polymers among others. This may induce restenosis and thrombosis. The development of biodegradable polymers and DES without polymer is thought to improve the vascular response and enhance earlier neointimal healing. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the best intracoronary imaging tool to evaluate endothelial coverage after stent implantation.
Purpose
We aimed to quantitatively assess the differences on intimal coverage between biodegradable-polymer, durable-polymer and without-polymer DES at 1 and 6-month follow-up OCT.
Methods
A total of 94 patients with de novo coronary lesions were treated with DES: 26% were treated with Biolimus A9 (BA9) stent without polymer, 30% were treated with Everolimus DES with biodegradable polymer (EESb) and 44% with Everolimus DES with persistent polymer (EESp). OCT analysis was performed blindly at an independent Core Lab at three stages: implantation, after one month and after six months.
The primary endpoint was to compare neointimal coverage and apposition of these three different types of DES with OCT at one and six months after implantation.
Results
A total of 16034 struts were analysed (24% BA9, 29% EESb and 47% EESp). No significant differences were found among the groups regarding baseline clinical characteristics. When studying the strut coverage, it is remarkable the relatively low percentage of early neointimal coverage with no significant differences among stents one month after implantation (84–87%). After six months, there was better coverage in the three stent groups compared with one month (p<0.001). The stents without polymer had better neointimal coverage at six months compared with the stents with persistent polymer (99% vs 92%, p=0.0002). No significant differences were found in the strut apposition after one or six months among the three stent types. However, the rate of apposition was higher after six months compared with one month in all stent groups (p=0,001). No significant differences were found in the neointimal hyperplasia at one month among the three stent groups. At six months there was a higher hyperplasia in the stent without polymer compared to the stent with persistent polymer (164μm vs 92μm, p=0,003). The degree of hyperplasia after six months was higher compared to one month in all groups (p=0,001).
Conclusions
The new-generation DES with biodegradable-polymer or without polymer showed relatively poor early neointimal coverage and similar to the last generation durable-polymer EES. According to these results, DAPT may not be shortened in any of the three DES types studied.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Negrete
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - R Millan
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - J.L Diez
- Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Ivern
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gomez-Lara
- University Hospital of Bellvitge, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Vaquerizo
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
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Mas-Stachurska A, Cladellas M, Vaquerizo B, Higueras L, Calvo A, Farre N, Ble M, Millan R, Molina L, Gomez M, Marti-Almor J. P2652Impact of transfemoral aortic valve implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement on right ventricular function up to six months of post-procedural phase. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Cladellas
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Vaquerizo
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Higueras
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Calvo
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Farre
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ble
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Millan
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Molina
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gomez
- Hospital del Mar, Cardiology, Barcelona, Spain
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An L, Rignot E, Mouginot J, Millan R. A Century of Stability of Avannarleq and Kujalleq Glaciers, West Greenland, Explained Using High-Resolution Airborne Gravity and Other Data. Geophys Res Lett 2018; 45:3156-3163. [PMID: 29937605 PMCID: PMC5993245 DOI: 10.1002/2018gl077204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of Greenland glaciers in a warming climate depends on their depth below sea level, flow speed, surface melt, and ocean-induced undercutting at the calving front. We present an innovative mapping of bed topography in the frontal regions of Sermeq Avannarleq and Kujalleq, two major glaciers flowing into the ice-choked Torssukatak Fjord, central west Greenland. The mapping combines a mass conservation algorithm inland, multibeam echo sounding data in the fjord, and high-resolution airborne gravity data at the ice-ocean transition where other approaches have traditionally failed. We obtain a reliable, precision (±40 m) solution for bed topography across the ice-ocean boundary. The results reveal a 700 m deep fjord that abruptly ends on a 100-300 m deep sill along the calving fronts. The shallow sills explain the presence of stranded icebergs, the resilience of the glaciers to ocean-induced undercutting by warm Atlantic water, and their remarkable stability over the past century.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. An
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - E. Rignot
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - J. Mouginot
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - R. Millan
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
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7
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Millan R, Rignot E, Mouginot J, Wood M, Bjørk AA, Morlighem M. Vulnerability of Southeast Greenland Glaciers to Warm Atlantic Water From Operation IceBridge and Ocean Melting Greenland Data. Geophys Res Lett 2018; 45:2688-2696. [PMID: 29937604 PMCID: PMC5993238 DOI: 10.1002/2017gl076561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We employ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Operation IceBridge high-resolution airborne gravity from 2016, NASA's Ocean Melting Greenland bathymetry from 2015, ice thickness from Operation IceBridge from 2010 to 2015, and BedMachine v3 to analyze 20 major southeast Greenland glaciers. The results reveal glacial fjords several hundreds of meters deeper than previously thought; the full extent of the marine-based portions of the glaciers; deep troughs enabling warm, salty Atlantic Water (AW) to reach the glacier fronts and melt them from below; and few shallow sills that limit the access of AW. The new oceanographic and topographic data help to fully resolve the complex pattern of historical ice front positions from the 1930s to 2017: glaciers exposed to AW and resting on retrograde beds have retreated rapidly, while glaciers perched on shallow sills or standing in colder waters or with major sills in the fjords have remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Millan
- Department Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - E. Rignot
- Department Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCaltechPasadenaCAUSA
| | - J. Mouginot
- Department Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - M. Wood
- Department Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - A. A. Bjørk
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - M. Morlighem
- Department Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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8
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Schröder P, Beckers B, Daniels S, Gnädinger F, Maestri E, Marmiroli N, Mench M, Millan R, Obermeier MM, Oustriere N, Persson T, Poschenrieder C, Rineau F, Rutkowska B, Schmid T, Szulc W, Witters N, Sæbø A. Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands. Sci Total Environ 2018; 616-617:1101-1123. [PMID: 29132720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase of the world population constantly demands more food production from agricultural soils. This causes conflicts, since at the same time strong interest arises on novel bio-based products from agriculture, and new perspectives for rural landscapes with their valuable ecosystem services. Agriculture is in transition to fulfill these demands. In many countries, conventional farming, influenced by post-war food requirements, has largely been transformed into integrated and sustainable farming. However, since it is estimated that agricultural production systems will have to produce food for a global population that might amount to 9.1 billion by 2050 and over 10 billion by the end of the century, we will require an even smarter use of the available land, including fallow and derelict sites. One of the biggest challenges is to reverse non-sustainable management and land degradation. Innovative technologies and principles have to be applied to characterize marginal lands, explore options for remediation and re-establish productivity. With view to the heterogeneity of agricultural lands, it is more than logical to apply specific crop management and production practices according to soil conditions. Cross-fertilizing with conservation agriculture, such a novel approach will provide (1) increased resource use efficiency by producing more with less (ensuring food security), (2) improved product quality, (3) ameliorated nutritional status in food and feed products, (4) increased sustainability, (5) product traceability and (6) minimized negative environmental impacts notably on biodiversity and ecological functions. A sustainable strategy for future agriculture should concentrate on production of food and fodder, before utilizing bulk fractions for emerging bio-based products and convert residual stage products to compost, biochar and bioenergy. The present position paper discusses recent developments to indicate how to unlock the potentials of marginal land.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, GmbH, COMI, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
| | - B Beckers
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - S Daniels
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - F Gnädinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, GmbH, COMI, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - E Maestri
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sci. Environm. Sustainability, - Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - N Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sci. Environm. Sustainability, - Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M Mench
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Bordeaux University, France
| | - R Millan
- CIEMAT - Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Obermeier
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, GmbH, COMI, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N Oustriere
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Bordeaux University, France
| | - T Persson
- NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | | | - F Rineau
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - B Rutkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Schmid
- CIEMAT - Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - W Szulc
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Witters
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A Sæbø
- NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
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Morlighem M, Williams CN, Rignot E, An L, Arndt JE, Bamber JL, Catania G, Chauché N, Dowdeswell JA, Dorschel B, Fenty I, Hogan K, Howat I, Hubbard A, Jakobsson M, Jordan TM, Kjeldsen KK, Millan R, Mayer L, Mouginot J, Noël BPY, O'Cofaigh C, Palmer S, Rysgaard S, Seroussi H, Siegert MJ, Slabon P, Straneo F, van den Broeke MR, Weinrebe W, Wood M, Zinglersen KB. BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation. Geophys Res Lett 2017; 44:11051-11061. [PMID: 29263561 PMCID: PMC5726375 DOI: 10.1002/2017gl074954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150 m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.42 ± 0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Morlighem
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - C. N. Williams
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Now at British Geological SurveyNottinghamUK
| | - E. Rignot
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - L. An
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - J. E. Arndt
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - J. L. Bamber
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - G. Catania
- Institute of GeophysicsUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - N. Chauché
- Department of Geography and Earth ScienceAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - J. A. Dowdeswell
- Scott Polar Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - B. Dorschel
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - I. Fenty
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - K. Hogan
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - I. Howat
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research CenterOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - A. Hubbard
- Department of Geography and Earth ScienceAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of GeosciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - M. Jakobsson
- Department of Geology and GeochemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - T. M. Jordan
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - K. K. Kjeldsen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Geodesy, DTU Space, National Space InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - R. Millan
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - L. Mayer
- Center for Coastal and Ocean MappingUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - J. Mouginot
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - B. P. Y. Noël
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - C. O'Cofaigh
- Department of GeographyDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - S. Palmer
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - S. Rysgaard
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Greenland Institute of Natural ResourcesNuukGreenland
- Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - H. Seroussi
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - M. J. Siegert
- Grantham Institute and Department of Earth Science and EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Slabon
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - F. Straneo
- Department of Physical OceanographyWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
| | - M. R. van den Broeke
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - W. Weinrebe
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - M. Wood
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
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Millan C, Vazquez A, Sotelo V, Millan R. Retrospective Analysis of 17 Cases of Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy in Patients with Abdominal Histerectomy To Correct Vault Prolapse; What Is the Best Way To Place the Mesh. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vandecasteel CM, Baker S, Förstel H, Muzinsky M, Millan R, Madoz-Escande C, Tormos J, Sauras T, Schulte E, Colle C. Interception, retention and translocation under greenhouse conditions of radiocaesium and radiostrontium from a simulated accidental source. Sci Total Environ 2001; 278:199-214. [PMID: 11669268 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The behaviour of radioactive aerosols released from a severely damaged nuclear reactor and deposited on cereals was simulated under controlled conditions. 137Cs- and 90Sr-labelled aerosols were generated by volatilisation at high temperature of an artificially spiked pellet of depleted UO2. After cooling and maturation the aerosols were allowed to deposit on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Arbon) cultures grown on lysimeters under greenhouse conditions. At the time of contamination the wheat plants were at different stages of development, from early vegetative growth (two leaves) until nearly mature (end of flowering). The estimated interception coefficient (micro) amounted to 13.1 m2 kg(-1); such a high value may be explained by the experimental conditions that created an over-saturated atmosphere during the contamination process and wet leaf surfaces. The first simulated rain, applied 6 days after the contamination, removed four times more 137Cs (54%+/-12 of the intercepted radionuclides) than 90Sr (15%+/-20) from the aerial parts. At harvest approximately 2% of the Sr and less than 1% of the Cs initially intercepted by the aerial parts is recovered for plants contaminated during the early development stages. A significantly higher proportion of the intercepted activity is still present for plants contaminated in the late development stages. The translocation to grains (TLF) increases when deposit occurs closer to the mature stage of the plant. The initial decrease of TLF values that we observed for strontium contamination in the earliest development stages is most probably due to the contribution of root uptake. Ploughing and re-sowing after the first rain, applied as a countermeasure reduced the 137Cs content in leaves and stems at harvest approximately 3 times but had no effect on the 90Sr content in vegetative organs. It reduced the 137Cs-contamination level in edible parts (grain) by a factor of 2 compared to the unploughed control, but doubled the 90Sr content.
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Bullinger A, de Santa Ana I, Grivel P, Millan R, Scheidegger P, Schmid Pons N, Tschopp C. II - Le bilan sensori-moteur de l'enfant : éléments théoriques et cliniques. enfan 1996. [DOI: 10.3406/enfan.1996.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Arapis G, Voutsinas M, Martinez A, Millan R, Gutierrez J. Behaviour of Cesium in Contaminated Soils with and without Agricultural Practices. RADIOCHIM ACTA 1992. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1992.5859.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Arapis
- Present address: Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens,Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | | | | | - R. Millan
- Institute PRYMA-CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Erasun F, Millan R, Goicoechea A, de la Lastra JD. [Tuberculosis of the breast. Review of the literature and contribution of 2 new cases]. Acta Obstet Ginecol Hisp Lusit 1977; 25:289-300. [PMID: 563659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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