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Jameel MA, Khan MF, Awan MN, Nadeem MS, Aslam S, Mehmood S, Ahmad D, Wali R, Rehman Q, Khan MA, Mahmood T. Population and risk assessment of sympatric pheasant species in Palas Valley, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e259582. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Pheasants are declining everywhere in the world and therefore updated information about their population and habitats are important for conservation and management. The present study was conducted in the Palas Valley, District Kohistan, Pakistan in late spring (May and June) 2020 and early spring (March and April) 2021 to assess the population and anthropogenic stress. The major focus was on three sympatric pheasant species, including Western Horned Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus), Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus), and Koklass Pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha). We used the “Call Count Method” for the population assessment in the field, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to document the risk assessment of local residents of the valley. The population assessments revealed that the Koklass Pheasant is more adapted to increasing anthropogenic activities and its population appeared more or less similar as 22 years ago. In the past 22 years, Western Tragopan and Himalayan Monal have lost about 40–50% of their populations. Human interference in the form of illegal hunting, deforestation, and overgrazing was found to be common in the valley. The study concludes that the Palas Valley habitat is ideal for pheasant species; however, human interference in the form of urbanization, habitat fragmentation, illegal hunting, and deforestation is occurring at a rapid pace, causing havoc in the pheasant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Jameel
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - M. N. Awan
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Pakistan
| | - M. S. Nadeem
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - S. Aslam
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - S. Mehmood
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - R. Wali
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Q. Rehman
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M. A. Khan
- Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - T. Mahmood
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Wali R, Khalil A, Alattas R, Foudah R, Meftah I, Sarhan S. Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Centers in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia, 2018. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:239. [PMID: 32066422 PMCID: PMC7027085 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence (DV) is considered a public health issue in Saudi Arabia as well as a violation of a fundamental human right. DV causes many acute and chronic physical and mental health consequences. Cultural taboos and lack of awareness regarding the appropriate support services can increase the number of cases annually. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of DV in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Clinics in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients attending five Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah from August 2017 to February 2018. A convenient sampling method was used. In total, 1845 participants were invited to complete a self-report validated Arabic version of the Norvold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ) to determine the prevalence and risk factors of DV. All women between 18 and 65 years who met the inclusion criteria were included. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package Social Sciences) version 24.0. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of DV in the study sample was 33.24%, with psychological abuse the most prevalent (48.47%), followed by physical abuse (34.77%) and sexual abuse (16.75%). A small proportion (4.1%) suffered from all three types of abuse. Risk factors for being a victim of abuse include being single or divorced, having a postgraduate level of education, employed, and being financially independent of the husband. CONCLUSION DV is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. Modernization has shifted the risk factors, identifying the risk factors and victim characteristics would support the development and implementation of preventive and screening programs to facilitate the early identification of cases as well as the initiation of empowerment programs for Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Wali
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Khalil
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Alattas
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Foudah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - I. Meftah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Sarhan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Wali
- Fl 23 Oral Surgery Department Guys Dental Hospital London UK
| | - R. King
- Fl 23 Oral Surgery Department Guys Dental Hospital London UK
| | - V. Patel
- Fl 23 Oral Surgery Department Guys Dental Hospital London UK
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Wali R, Fourati N, Mnejja W, Farhat L, Fessi Z, Siala W, Daoud J. Charge de travail des manipulateurs en radiothérapie dans une unité d’accélérateur linéaire. Cancer Radiother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2018.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Halai T, Wali R, Koshal S. You & WHO! A training initiative to prevent wrong site surgery. Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Creswell J, Rai B, Wali R, Sudrungrot S, Adhikari LM, Pant R, Pyakurel S, Uranw D, Codlin AJ. Introducing new tuberculosis diagnostics: the impact of Xpert ® MTB/RIF testing on case notifications in Nepal. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:545-51. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Wali R, Iyengar M, Chartyan D, Lukas M, Cooper C, Cheung A. A Meta-Analysis of Two Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Trials to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Carvedilol Treatment in Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Symptomatic or Asymptomatic Systolic Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Drachenberg C, Hirsch HH, Papadimitriou JC, Mozafari P, Wali R, McKinney JD, Nogueira J, Cangro CB, Mendley S, Klassen DK, Ramos E. Cost efficiency in the prospective diagnosis and follow-up of polyomavirus allograft nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2005; 36:3028-31. [PMID: 15686687 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of urine cytology (UC) for decoy cells and quantitative determinations of viruria (urine viral load [UPCR])and viremia (viral load in blood [VLB]) have been proposed as surrogate markers of polyomavirus allograft nephropathy (PVAN). In this study, we present the experience with the concurrent evaluation of UC, UPCR, and VLB in 349 patients (940 sets of samples). Results were correlated with each other and with a previous, concurrent, or subsequent biopsy diagnosis of PVAN. Patients were followed up for a mean of 27 months posttransplantation. We conclude that both UC and UPCR are useful for screening of renal transplant recipients. Simultaneous performance of both UC and UPCR does not add useful clinical information. In patients with positive UC, performance of UPCR, however, can allow for the distinction between BK and JC polyoma viruses. Quantitative measurement of viremia is not indicated in patients lacking viruria because no patients with PVAN present with this combination of findings. In patients with viruria, a positive viremia strongly correlates with PVAN. Rationale selection of screening protocols based on the current knowledge of the infection and tailored to the available laboratory capabilities in each transplantation center can optimize the use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Drachenberg CB, Papadimitriou JC, Wali R, Nogueira J, Mendley S, Hirsch HH, Cangro CB, Klassen DK, Weir MR, Bartlett ST, Ramos E. Improved outcome of polyoma virus allograft nephropathy with early biopsy. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:758-9. [PMID: 15110653 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyoma virus allograft nephropathy often results in accelerated graft loss despite reduction of immunosuppression and/or treatment with antiviral agents. Irreversible renal fibrosis due to late diagnosis is likely to be one of the important causes of treatment failure. Early biopsy in 14 patients resulted in stable graft function after a mean follow-up of 22 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Drachenberg
- Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Drachenberg RC, Drachenberg CB, Papadimitriou JC, Ramos E, Fink JC, Wali R, Weir MR, Cangro CB, Klassen DK, Khaled A, Cunningham R, Bartlett ST. Morphological spectrum of polyoma virus disease in renal allografts: diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology. Am J Transplant 2002. [PMID: 12099383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-6135.2001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The morphological features of polyoma virus disease (PVDz) in 571 concurrent urine and biopsy samples from 413 patients are described. In 54 patients PV was found in both biopsy and urine samples. Histologically, PV presented as: (a) mild, viral cytopathic/cytolytic changes, with absent or minimal inflammation involving isolated tubules; (b) moderate and severe, cytopathic/cytolytic changes associated with patchy or diffuse tubulo-interstitial inflammation and atrophy; (c) advanced, graft sclerosis with rare or absent viral cytopathic changes, indistinguishable from chronic allograft nephropathy. Histological progression from mild to moderate or severe disease was seen in 28 patients. The mean post-transplantation time at diagnosis was similar in patients with mild or moderate-severe renal involvement (1.05 and 1.3 years, respectively). All patients presented with similarly increased values of serum creatinine (mean 1.35 mg/dL). There was strong correlation between the number of PV infected cells in urine and the concurrent biopsies (p = 0.0001). In 13 patients PV was found only in urine; of these, two developed PVDz later. The positive predictive value of a positive urine was 90%, the negative predictive value of a negative urine was 99% and the accuracy of the test was 97%. We conclude that urine cytology is useful to evaluate renal transplant patients with PV reactivation because sloughed tubular cells are found in urine and positive urine samples are a consistent manifestation of PV renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Drachenberg RC, Drachenberg CB, Papadimitriou JC, Ramos E, Fink JC, Wali R, Weir MR, Cangro CB, Klassen DK, Khaled A, Cunningham R, Bartlett ST. Morphological spectrum of polyoma virus disease in renal allografts: diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology. Am J Transplant 2002. [PMID: 12099383 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2001.10414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The morphological features of polyoma virus disease (PVDz) in 571 concurrent urine and biopsy samples from 413 patients are described. In 54 patients PV was found in both biopsy and urine samples. Histologically, PV presented as: (a) mild, viral cytopathic/cytolytic changes, with absent or minimal inflammation involving isolated tubules; (b) moderate and severe, cytopathic/cytolytic changes associated with patchy or diffuse tubulo-interstitial inflammation and atrophy; (c) advanced, graft sclerosis with rare or absent viral cytopathic changes, indistinguishable from chronic allograft nephropathy. Histological progression from mild to moderate or severe disease was seen in 28 patients. The mean post-transplantation time at diagnosis was similar in patients with mild or moderate-severe renal involvement (1.05 and 1.3 years, respectively). All patients presented with similarly increased values of serum creatinine (mean 1.35 mg/dL). There was strong correlation between the number of PV infected cells in urine and the concurrent biopsies (p = 0.0001). In 13 patients PV was found only in urine; of these, two developed PVDz later. The positive predictive value of a positive urine was 90%, the negative predictive value of a negative urine was 99% and the accuracy of the test was 97%. We conclude that urine cytology is useful to evaluate renal transplant patients with PV reactivation because sloughed tubular cells are found in urine and positive urine samples are a consistent manifestation of PV renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a modulation of Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) activity by vitamin D3 in the rat ileum and Caco-2 cells. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of action of vitamin D3 on NHE are still not understood. The current studies were undertaken to understand the regulation of individual NHE isoforms on mRNA levels in two distinct models of vitamin D3 deficiency. Acute D3 deficiency was induced secondary to streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, while chronic D3 deficiency was induced by feeding a D3-deficient diet in an environment devoid of fluorescent light. Vitamin D3 deficiency in both models increased the initial rates of rat ileal brush-border membrane (BBM) Na+/H+ exchange by 2.5-fold compared to D-repleted controls. In parallel to the increased exchanger activity, NHE3 mRNA abundance was increased about twofold in both acute and chronic D deficiency compared to control. There was no change in NHE1 or NHE2 abundance in vitamin D3-deficient rat ileum. These findings indicate that vitamin D3 regulates Na+/H+ exchange activity in rat ileum by influencing the mRNA levels of NHE3, the predominant luminal membrane isoform involved in vectorial Na+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gill
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and VAMC Chicago, 60637, USA
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Khare S, Bissonnette M, Wali R, Skarosi S, Boss GR, von Lintig FC, Scaglione-Sewell B, Sitrin MD, Brasitus TA. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 but not TPA activates PLD in Caco-2 cells via pp60(c-src) and RhoA. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:G1005-15. [PMID: 10198345 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.4.g1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the accompanying paper [Khare et al., Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G993-G1004, 1999], activation of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) was shown to be involved in the stimulation of phospholipase D (PLD) by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25(OH)2D3] and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Caco-2 cells. Monomeric or heterotrimeric G proteins, as well as pp60(c-src) have been implicated in PLD activation. We therefore determined whether these signal transduction elements were involved in PLD stimulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 or TPA. Treatment with C3 transferase, which inhibits members of the Rho family of monomeric G proteins, markedly diminished the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3, but not TPA, to stimulate PLD. Brefeldin A, an inhibitor of ADP-ribosylation factor proteins, did not, however, significantly reduce the stimulation of PLD by either of these agents. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3, but not TPA, activated pp60(c-src) and treatment with PP1, a specific inhibitor of the pp60(c-src) family, blocked the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to activate PLD. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (PTx) markedly reduced the stimulation of PLD by either agonist. PTx, moreover, inhibited the stimulation of pp60(c-src) and PKC-alpha by 1,25(OH)2D3. PTx did not, however, block the membrane translocation of RhoA induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 or inhibit the stimulation of PKC-alpha by TPA. These findings, taken together with those of the accompanying paper, indicate that although 1,25(OH)2D3 and TPA each activate PLD in Caco-2 cells in part via PKC-alpha, their stimulation of PLD differs in a number of important aspects, including the requirement for pp60(c-src) and RhoA in the activation of PLD by 1,25(OH)2D3, but not TPA. Moreover, the requirement for different signal transduction elements by 1,25(OH)2D3 and TPA to induce the stimulation of PLD may potentially underlie differences in the physiological effects of these agents in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khare
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Sitrin MD, Bissonnette M, Bolt MJ, Wali R, Khare S, Scaglione-Sewell B, Skarosi S, Brasitus TA. Rapid effects of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on signal transduction systems in colonic cells. Steroids 1999; 64:137-42. [PMID: 10323682 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(98)00102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 rapidly stimulated hydrolysis of membrane polyphosphoinositides (PI) in rat colonocytes and in Caco-2 cells, generating the second messengers DAG and IP3. [Ca2+]i subsequently increased due to IP3-mediated release of intracellular Ca2+ stores, and to Ca2+ influx through a receptor-mediated Ca channel. Studies examining purified antipodal plasma membranes and experiments using Caco-2 cell monolayers found that 1,25(OH)2D3 influenced PI turnover only in the basolateral (BLM) and not brush border (BBM) membranes. Vitamin D analogues with poor affinity for the vitamin D receptor were found to effectively stimulate PI turnover, suggesting the presence of a unique vitamin D receptor in the BLM. Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated saturable, reversible binding of 1,25(OH)2 D3 to colonocyte BLM. Recently, we found that 1,25(OH)2D3 activated the tyrosine kinase c-src in colonocyte BLM by a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein)-dependent mechanism, with subsequent phosphorylation, translocation to the BLM, and activation of PI-specific phospholipase C gamma. Due to the rise in [Ca2+]i and DAG, two isoforms of protein kinase C (PKCalpha and PKCbeta2), but not other isoforms were activated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in rat colonocytes. Recent studies demonstrated that the seco-steroid translocated the beta2 isoform to the BLM, but not the BBM. In contrast, the alpha isoform did not translocate to either antipodal plasma membrane, but modulated IP3-mediated Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary studies have shown that 1,25(OH)2D3 also activated phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D (PLD) in Caco-2 cells, generating phosphatidic acid and contributing to the sustained rise in DAG. PLD stimulation occurred by both PKC-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Inhibitors of G-proteins, c-src, and PKC blunted the seco-steroid-mediated activation of PLD. Cells stably transfected with sense PKCalpha showed increased 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated PLD activation, whereas transfectants with antisense PKCalpha had an attenuated response. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 also regulated PLD by activating the monomeric G-protein rho A by a mechanism independent of the G-protein/ c-src/PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sitrin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Leach S, Harvey P, Wali R. Changes with growth rate in the membrane lipid composition of and amino acid utilization by continuous cultures of Campylobacter jejuni. J Appl Microbiol 1997; 82:631-40. [PMID: 9172406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb02873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Methods and media (defined and complex) are described which permit studies designed to determine the influence of single environmental factors on the survival and virulence of Campylobacter jejuni. The effect of growth rate on selected physiological traits (amino acid utilization, membrane lipid composition, motility, cell morphology) was studied in continuous culture. In both media, growth was at the expense of amino acid (serine, aspartate, glutamate and proline) catabolism. Slow growth in the complex medium shifted amino acid utilization from more (serine and aspartate) to less preferred substrates (glutamate, proline and possibly amino acids from the proteolysis of peptones). Low growth rates promoted the conversion of unsaturated 11-octadecenoic acid substituted phosphatidyl ethanolamines to corresponding 11-methylene substituted species, a feature correlated with stationary phase and exposure to environmental stress in other organisms. During continuous growth, cells lost motility although they still possessed flagella. Slow growth resulted in longer cells. Future studies will investigate the independent effects of nutrient stress and growth rate on the virulence and persistence of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leach
- Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
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Sklarew RJ, Wali R, Auger M, Kidd LD, Katz RL. Estrogen receptor immunostaining patterns imaged in breast cancer fine needle aspirates. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 1994; 16:293-305. [PMID: 7945704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fine needle aspirates (FNA) after estrogen receptor (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) immunostaining were imaged using a SAMBA system. Integrated optical density (IOD) and mean optical density (MOD) was measured in individual nuclei. Receptogram R Analytic software on a remote VAX computer was used to generate log-log scatter, contour and three-dimensional perspective plots of bivariate MOD vs. IOD relationships and for count-dependent Gaussian smoothing of the univariate log histograms. The findings revealed four types of staining patterns among otherwise estrogen receptor immunostaining-positive patients: (I) a discrete, homogeneous subpopulation with unimodal MOD and IOD distributions; (II) coexistent subpopulations of ER+ and ER- cells, revealed by bivariate MOD and IOD distributions; (III) multiple, discrete subpopulations of ER+ cells, revealed in perspective plots of MOD vs. IOD vs. scatter density; and (IV) highly skewed distributions forming a continuum over a broad MOD and IOD range with or without an ER-negative subpopulation. FNA ER-ICA-positive specimens were indistinguishable based upon average nuclear MOD (AV-MOD) or AV-MOD x (% ER-positive cells). Previous evaluation of such patterns in tissue sections revealed failure of tamoxifen response in types II and IV. Staining mosaicism (IV) may correspond to a failure of receptor modulation within defined limits when ER is rendered nonfunctional due to various structural modifications of receptor domains--events that would not affect immunostaining. Failure in type II is ascribed to ascendancy of estrogen-independent ER-negative subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Sklarew
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Elmsford 10523
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Dhar SN, Dhar V, Kaul BL, Wali R, Sapru R, Hussain T. Ribonuclease at pH5 in malignant pleural effusion. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 1984; 26:30-3. [PMID: 6510985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Dhar SN, Dhar V, Kaul BL, Sapru RK, Wali R. Diagnostic value of serum ribonuclease (at pH-5) in bronchogenic carcinoma. J Assoc Physicians India 1982; 30:21-3. [PMID: 7169398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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