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Rocha M, Herance R, Rovira S, Hernández-Mijares A, Victor VM. Mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant therapy in sepsis. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2012; 12:161-78. [PMID: 22420514 DOI: 10.2174/187152612800100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the major causes of death in intensive care units. Oxidative damage to mitochondria is involved in the development of organ dysfunction associated with sepsis. This syndrome is caused by an excessive defensive and inflammatory response characterised by a massive increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines. Under normal circumstances, complex interacting antioxidant defense systems control oxidative stress within mitochondria The consequences of sepsis is a systemic damage to the vascular endothelium, impaired tissue and a compromised whole body respiration, antioxidant depletion and mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction with diminished levels of ATP and O2 consumption. In general, ROS are essential to the functions of cells and particularly immune cells, but adequate levels of antioxidant defenses are required to protect against the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. This review considers the process of sepsis from a mitochondrial perspective, discussing strategies for the targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria. We will provide a summary of the following areas: the cellular metabolism of ROS and its role in pathophysiological processes such as sepsis; currently available antioxidants and possible reasons for their efficacy and inefficacy in ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated diseases; and recent developments in mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and the future implications for such approaches in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rocha
- University Hospital Doctor Peset Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Herance R, Rojas S, Abad S, Jiménez X, Gispert JD, Millán O, Martín-García E, Burokas A, Serra MÀ, Maldonado R, Pareto D. Positron emission tomographic imaging of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor system with [¹¹C]OMAR ([¹¹C]JHU75528): improvements in image quantification using wild-type and knockout mice. Mol Imaging 2011; 10:481-487. [PMID: 22201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using positron emission tomography (PET) and the tracer [¹¹C]OMAR ([¹¹C]JHU75528), an analogue of rimonabant, to study the brain cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor system. Wild-type (WT) and CB1 knockout (KO) animals were imaged at baseline and after pretreatment with blocking doses of rimonabant. Brain uptake in WT animals was higher (50%) than in KO animals in baseline conditions. After pretreatment with rimonabant, WT uptake lowered to the level of KO animals. The results of this study support the feasibility of using PET with the radiotracer [¹¹C]JHU75528 to image the brain CB1 receptor system in mice. In addition, this methodology can be used to assess the effect of new drugs in preclinical studies using genetically manipulated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Herance
- Institut d’Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
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Hoekzema E, Rojas S, Herance R, Pareto D, Abad S, Jiménez X, Figueiras FP, Popota F, Ruiz A, Flotats N, Fernández FJ, Rocha M, Rovira M, Víctor VM, Gispert JD. [11C]-DASB microPET imaging in the aged rat: Frontal and meso-thalamic increases in serotonin transporter binding. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:1020-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Herance R, Rojas S, Abad S, Jiménez X, Gispert JD, Millán O, Martín-García E, Burokas A, Serra MÀ, Maldonado R, Pareto D. Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor System with [11C]OMAR ([11C]JHU75528): Improvements in Image Quantification Using Wild-Type and Knockout Mice. Mol Imaging 2011. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00019s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Herance
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Rojas
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Abad
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Jiménez
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Millán
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Àngel Serra
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Pareto
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neurophar-macology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
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Herance R, Rojas S, Abad S, Jiménez X, Gispert JD, Millán O, Martín-García E, Burokas A, Serra MÀ, Maldonado R, Pareto D. Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor System with [11C]OMAR ([11C]JHU75528): Improvements in Image Quantification Using Wild-Type and Knockout Mice. Mol Imaging 2011. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using positron emission tomography (PET) and the tracer [11C]OMAR ([11C]JHU75528), an analogue of rimonabant, to study the brain cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor system. Wild-type (WT) andCB1 knockout (KO) animals were imaged at baseline and after pretreatment with blocking doses of rimonabant. Brain uptake in WT animals was higher (50%) than in KO animals in baseline conditions. After pretreatment with rimonabant, WT uptake lowered to the level of KO animals. The results of this study support the feasibility of using PET with the radiotracer [11C]JHU75528 to image the brain CB1 receptor system in mice. In addition, this methodology can be used to assess the effect of new drugs in preclinical studies using genetically manipulated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Herance
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Rojas
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Abad
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Jiménez
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Millán
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Àngel Serra
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Pareto
- From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, CRC Corporació Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Imagen Molecular, CRC Corporacioó Sanitaària, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; and Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra–PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
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Abate-Daga D, Andreu N, Camacho-Sánchez J, Alemany R, Herance R, Millán O, Fillat C. Oncolytic adenoviruses armed with thymidine kinase can be traced by PET imaging and show potent antitumoural effects by ganciclovir dosing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26142. [PMID: 22028820 PMCID: PMC3196510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication-competent adenoviruses armed with thymidine kinase (TK) combine the concepts of virotherapy and suicide gene therapy. Moreover TK-activity can be detected by noninvasive positron emission-computed tomography (PET) imaging, what could potentially facilitate virus monitoring in vivo. Here, we report the generation of a novel oncolytic adenovirus that incorporates the Tat8-TK gene under the control of the Major Late Promoter in a highly selective backbone thus providing selectivity by targeting the retinoblastoma pathway. The selective oncolytic TK virus, termed ICOVIR5-TK-L, showed reduced potency compared to a non-selective counterpart. However the combination of ICOVIR5-TK-L with ganciclovir (GCV) induced a potent antitumoural effect similar to that of wild type adenovirus in a preclinical model of pancreatic cancer. Although the treatment with GCV provoked a reduction in the viral yield, both in vitro and in vivo, a two-cycle treatment of virus and GCV resulted in an enhanced antitumoral response that correlated with high TK-activity, based on microPET measurements. Thus, TK-expressing oncolytic adenoviruses can be traced by PET imaging providing real time information on the activity of the virus and its antitumoral potency can be optimized by GCV dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abate-Daga
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Andreu
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), UPF, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Camacho-Sánchez
- Gene and Viral Therapy Group, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Gene and Viral Therapy Group, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Herance
- Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, PRBB Fundació Privada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Millán
- Institut d'Alta Tecnologia, PRBB Fundació Privada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), UPF, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Rocha M, Apostolova N, Hernandez-Mijares A, Herance R, M. Victor V. Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease: Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:3827-41. [DOI: 10.2174/092986710793205444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hoekzema E, Herance R, Rojas S, Pareto D, Abad S, Jiménez X, Figueiras FP, Popota F, Ruiz A, Torrent È, Fernández-Soriano FJ, Rocha M, Rovira M, Víctor VM, Gispert JD. The effects of aging on dopaminergic neurotransmission: a microPET study of [11C]-raclopride binding in the aged rodent brain. Neuroscience 2010; 171:1283-6. [PMID: 20937365 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models are frequently used in aging research to investigate biochemical age effects and aid in the development of therapies for pathological and non-pathological age-related degenerative processes. In order to validate the use of animal models in aging research and pave the way for longitudinal intervention-based animal studies, the consistency of cerebral aging processes across species needs to be evaluated. The dopaminergic system seems particularly susceptible to the aging process, and one of the most consistent findings in human brain aging research is a decline in striatal D2-like receptor (D2R) availability, quantifiable by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this study, we aimed to assess whether similar age effects can be discerned in rat brains, using in vivo molecular imaging with the radioactive compound [(11)C]-raclopride. We observed a robust decline in striatal [(11)C]-raclopride uptake in the aged rats in comparison to the young control group, comprising a 41% decrement in striatal binding potential. In accordance with human studies, these results indicate that substantial reductions in D2R availability can be measured in the aged striatal complex. Our findings suggest that rat and human brains exhibit similar biochemical alterations with age in the striatal dopaminergic system, providing support for the pertinence of rodent models in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoekzema
- Department de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autônoma de Barcelona, 08192, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Victor VM, Apostolova N, Herance R, Hernandez-Mijares A, Rocha M. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis: mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as potential therapy. Curr Med Chem 2010; 16:4654-67. [PMID: 19903143 DOI: 10.2174/092986709789878265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathophysiologic conditions forms an integral part of the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and in particular atherosclerosis. These ROS are released from different sources, such as xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase and, in particular, mitochondria. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, occurs early on in the development of atherosclerosis, and determines future vascular complications. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria-mediated disease processes are not clear, oxidative stress seems to play an important role. In general, ROS are essential to cell function, but adequate levels of antioxidant defenses are required in order to avoid the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. Mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and dysfunction contribute to a number of cell pathologies that manifest themselves through a range of conditions. This review considers the process of atherosclerosis from a mitochondrial perspective, and assesses strategies for the targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria that are currently under development. We will provide a summary of the following areas: the cellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its role in pathophysiological processes such as atherosclerosis; currently available antioxidants and possible reasons for their efficacy and inefficacy in ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated diseases; and recent developments in mitochondrially-targeted antioxidants that concentrate on the matrix-facing surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane in order to protect against mitochondrial oxidative damage, and their therapeutic potential as a treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Victor
- Hospital Universitary Doctor Peset Foundation, 46017 Valencia, Spain.
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Murthy NV, Passchier J, Gunn R, Searle G, Bullich S, Suarez M, Herance R, Farre M, Herdon H, Porter R, Sutherland S, Fagg R, Neve M, Slifstein M, Laruelle M, Catafau A. [11C]GSK931145: A new pet ligand for glycine transporter 1. Neuroimage 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Total luminescence spectroscopy was used to characterise and differentiate edible oils and additionally, to control one of the major problems in the oil quality--the effect of thermal and photo-oxidation. We studied several vegetable oils available on the Polish market, including soybean, rapeseed, corn, sunflower, linseed and olive oils. Total luminescence spectroscopy measurements were performed using two different sample geometries: front-face for pure oil samples and right-angle for transparent samples, diluted in n-hexane. All the samples studied as n-hexane solutions exhibit an intense peak, which appears at 320 nm in emission and 290 nm in excitation, attributed to tocopherols. Some of the oils exhibit a second long-wavelength peak, appearing at 670 nm in emission and 405 nm in excitation, belonging to pigments of the chlorophyll group. Additional bands were present in the intermediate range of excitation and emission wavelengths; however, the compounds responsible for this emission were not identified. The front-face spectra for pure oils included chlorophyll peaks for most samples, and some additional peaks in the intermediate range, while the tocopherol peaks were comparatively less intense. The results presented demonstrate the capability of the total luminescence techniques to characterise and differentiate vegetable oil products, and additionally, to characterize the effect of thermal and photo-oxidation on such products. In the photo-oxidation experiments, special attention was paid to possible involvement of singlet oxygen. Experiments were done to monitor the highly specific O2(1delta(g)) --> O2(3sigma(g)-) singlet oxygen emission at 1270 nm. Thus, total luminescence spectroscopy presents an interesting alternative to time-consuming and expensive techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and other methods requiring wet chemistry steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sikorska
- Faculty of Commodity Science, Poznań University of Economics, al. Niepodleglości 10, 60-967 Poznań Poland.
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