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Yu LL, Browning JF, Burdette CQ, Caceres GC, Chieh KD, Davis WC, Kassim BL, Long SE, Murphy KE, Oflaz R, Paul RL, Sharpless KE, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Zeisler R. Development of a kelp powder (Thallus laminariae) Standard Reference Material. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1265-1278. [PMID: 29222652 PMCID: PMC6013078 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A Standard Reference Material (SRM) of seaweed, SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae) has been developed to support food and dietary supplement measurements in compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The material was characterized for nutritional minerals, arsenic species, isomers of vitamin K1, proximates, and toxic elements. Kelp is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, and it is an excellent source of dietary iodine. Kelp also contains a large amount of arsenic, which is toxic as inorganic species but much less so as organic species. To capture the dietary profile of kelp, certified values were issued for As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, and Zn. Reference values for proximates were assigned. For the first time, a certified value for iodine, reference values for isomers of vitamin K1, and reference values for arsenic species including arsenosugars were assigned in a seaweed. SRM 3232 fills a gap in Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) needed for quality assurance and method validation in the compositional measurements of kelp and similar seaweeds used as food and as dietary supplements. Graphical Absract Arsenic species and isomers of vitamin K1 were determined in the development of SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee L Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Joseph F Browning
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carolyn Q Burdette
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - George C Caceres
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kaitlyn D Chieh
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Brittany L Kassim
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stephen E Long
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Karen E Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rabia Oflaz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rick L Paul
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Katherine E Sharpless
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Laura J Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - James H Yen
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rolf Zeisler
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Yu LL, Wei C, Zeisler R, Tong J, Oflaz R, Bao H, Wang J. An approach for identification and determination of arsenic species in the extract of kelp. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3517-24. [PMID: 25732093 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology is developing a kelp powder standard reference material (SRM) in support of dietary supplement measurements. Edible seaweeds such as kelp and laver consumed as diet or dietary supplement contain tens of mg/kg arsenic. The speciation information of arsenic in the seaweed should be provided because the total arsenic alone does not fully address the safety issue of the dietary supplement as the value assignment is originally intended. The inability to avail all arsenic species for value assignment measurements prevented the certification of arsenic species in the candidate SRM; however, approximately 70 % of total arsenic extracted with a 1:1 volume fraction of methanol:water mixture allowed arsenic speciation values to be assigned to a procedure-defined extract, which may be used for method validation in research to improve upon current extraction and measurement practices. Arsenic species in kelp and laver were identified using electrospray ionization ion trap time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-TOF). Arsenosugars As(328), As(482), and As(392) were found in the kelp candidate SRM while As(328) and As(482) were found in GBW 08521, a certified reference material (CRM) of laver produced by the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM). A discovery that the digests of kelp and laver contained only dimethylarsinic acid led to the conclusion that the seaweeds did not contain detectible levels of arsenobetaine, arsenocholine or trimethylarsine oxide that could overlap with the peaks of arsenosugars in the separation. The mean ± s of (5.68 ± 0.28) mg/kg and (13.43 ± 0.31) mg/kg found for As(482) and As(392) in kelp, respectively, using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) demonstrated that value assignment measurement of arsenosugars was possible without arsenosugar calibration standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee L Yu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA,
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Kučera J, Bennett JW, Oflaz R, Paul RL, De Nadai Fernandes EA, Kubešová M, Bacchi MA, Stopic AJ, Sturgeon RE, Grinberg P. Elemental Characterization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Certified Reference Material by Neutron and Prompt γ Activation Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3699-705. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504094n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kučera
- Nuclear Physics
Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Husinec−Řež 130, CZ-250 58, Czech Republic
| | - John W. Bennett
- Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Rabia Oflaz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences
Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rick L. Paul
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences
Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elisabete A. De Nadai Fernandes
- Nuclear
Energy Center for Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, 13416-000 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie Kubešová
- Nuclear Physics
Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Husinec−Řež 130, CZ-250 58, Czech Republic
| | - Marcio A. Bacchi
- Nuclear
Energy Center for Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, 13416-000 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Attila J. Stopic
- Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Ralph E. Sturgeon
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Patricia Grinberg
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Turk GC, Sharpless KE, Cleveland D, Jongsma C, Mackey EA, Marlow AF, Oflaz R, Paul RL, Sieber JR, Thompson RQ, Wood LJ, Yu LL, Zeisler R, Wise SA, Yen JH, Christopher SJ, Day RD, Long SE, Greene E, Harnly J, Ho IP, Betz JM. Certification of elements in and use of standard reference material 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets. J AOAC Int 2014; 96:1281-7. [PMID: 24645505 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.13-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Standard Reference Material 3280 Multivitamin/ Multielement Tablets was issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2009, and has certified and reference mass fraction values for 13 vitamins, 26 elements, and two carotenoids. Elements were measured using two or more analytical methods at NIST with additional data contributed by collaborating laboratories. This reference material is expected to serve a dual purpose: to provide quality assurance in support of a database of dietary supplement products and to provide a means for analysts, dietary supplement manufacturers, and researchers to assess the appropriateness and validity of their analytical methods and the accuracy of their results.
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Mackey EA, Cronise MP, Fales CN, Greenberg RR, Leigh SD, Long SE, Marlow AF, Murphy KE, Oflaz R, Sieber JR, Rearick MS, Wood LJ, Yu LL, Wilson SA, Briggs PH, Brown ZA, Budahn J, Kane PF, Hall WL. Development and certification of the new SRM 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2401-9. [PMID: 17265084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past seven years, several states within the US have enacted regulations that limit the amounts of selected non-nutritive elements in fertilizers. Internationally, several countries, including Japan, China, and Australia, and the European Union also limit the amount of selected elements in fertilizers. The elements of interest include As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. Fertilizer manufacturers and state regulatory authorities, faced with meeting and verifying these limits, need to develop analytical methods for determination of the elements of concern and to validate results obtained using these methods. Until now, there were no certified reference materials available with certified mass fraction values for all elements of interest in a blended, multi-nutrient fertilizer matrix. A new standard reference material (SRM) 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer, has been developed to help meet these needs. SRM 695 has recently been issued with certified mass fraction values for seventeen elements, reference values for an additional five elements, and information values for two elements. The certificate of analysis includes an addendum listing percentage recovery for eight of these elements, determined using an acid-extraction inductively-coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method recently developed and tested by members of the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mackey
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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