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Wężyk-Caba I, Znyk M, Zajdel R, Balwicki L, Tyrańska-Fobke A, Juszczyk G, Świątkowska B, Zajdel K, Kaleta D. Determinants of cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth and young adults-PolNicoYouth study results. Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9594823 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying predictors of e-cigarette use initiation is important for preventing young persons from becoming smokers. Because of the addictiveness, harmful effects but on the other hand attractiveness and fashion for e-cigarettes among young people, teen use of tobacco related products is a significant public health concern. This study evaluated the determinants of susceptibility to e-cigarette use to both e-cigarettes use and traditional cigarettes in secondary school students in Poland. This study examined a sample of Polish youths aged 13-19 (n = 19241) attending 192 schools, 12 on average in each voivodship. Logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios. The profile of susceptibility to e-cigarettes use among never e-cigarette users included: pocket money available per month (more than 150 PLN) (OR = 1.7; p = 0.001), 16-17 years old (OR = 1.9; p = 0.001), parental tobacco smoking and e-cigarette usage (OR = 2.0; p = 0.01 and OR = 1.7; p = 0.001 respectively), maternal secondary education (OR = 1.1; p = 0.04) and living in big cities >500 thou. inhabitants (OR = 1.4; p = 0.04). E-cigarette susceptible persons among ever users were similar to never cigarette users in their opinion that e-cigarettes use are less harmful than conventional smoking (OR = 1.6; p = 0.0012) and living with both parents smoking cigarettes (OR = 1.3; p = 0.02). Additionally, the determinants were: female gender (OR = 1.5; p = 0.009) in the age group less than 15 years of age (OR = 1.3; p = 0.007). The results revealed that such basic predictors as: parental smoking and opinion of lower harmfulness of e-cigarettes use are the most important determinants of smoking susceptibility among never or ever e-cigarette users. The intervention should be focused on educating the young people and their parents on the addictiveness and harmful effects of e-cigarette use and smoking. Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wężyk-Caba
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
| | - M Znyk
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
| | - R Zajdel
- Department of Business and Informatics, University of Łódź , Lodz, Poland
| | - L Balwicki
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Tyrańska-Fobke
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdansk, Poland
| | - G Juszczyk
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine Institute , Lodz, Poland
| | - K Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
| | - D Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
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Mroczkowski P, Zajdel R. Is Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Beneficial for Patients With Pancreatic Cancer? J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:3347-3348. [PMID: 35737925 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Mroczkowski
- Pawel Mroczkowski, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University-Bochum, Bochum, Germany, An-Istitut for Quality Assurance in the Operative Medicine Ltd, Otto-von-Guericke-University-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, Department for General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland; and Radoslaw Zajdel, Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zajdel
- Pawel Mroczkowski, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University-Bochum, Bochum, Germany, An-Istitut for Quality Assurance in the Operative Medicine Ltd, Otto-von-Guericke-University-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, Department for General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland; and Radoslaw Zajdel, Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Mroczkowski
- Department for General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, German Red-Cross-Hospitals Northern Hessia, Kassel, Germany.,An-Institute for Quality Assurance in Operative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zielinska-Blizniewska H, Malinowska K, Zajdel K, Zakonnik L, Zajdel R. A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020652. [PMID: 31963832 PMCID: PMC7013895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide use of electronic cigarettes has been rapidly expanding over recent years, but the long-term effect of e-cigarette vapor exposure on human health and environment is not well established; however, its mechanism of action entails the production of reactive oxygen species and trace metals, and the exacerbation of inflammation, which are associated with potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The present study examines the effects of selected liquid chemicals used in e-cigarettes, such as propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin, nicotine and flavorings, on living organisms; the data collected indicates that exposure to e-cigarette liquid has potentially detrimental effects on cells in vitro, and on animals and humans in vivo. While e-liquid exposure can adversely influence the physiology of living organisms, vaping is recommended as an alternative for tobacco smoking. The study also compares the impact of e-cigarette liquid exposure and traditional cigarette smoke on organisms and the environmental impact. The environmental influence of e-cigarette use is closely connected with the emission of airborne particulate matter, suggesting the possibility of passive smoking. The obtained data provides an insight into the impact of nicotine delivery systems on living organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-663-626-667
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Zakonnik
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Radoslaw Zajdel
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
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Walczak A, Kurkowska-Jastrzebska I, Zakrzewska-Pniewska B, Dorobek M, Brola W, Zajdel R, Bartosik-Psujek H, Stasiolek M, Kulakowska A, Rusek S, Tutaj A, Glabinski A, Wlodek A, Kochanowski J, Ciach A, Siger M, Kurowska K, Wicha W, Nojszewska M, Podlecka-Pietowska A, Czajka A, Kapica-Topczewska K, Bielecki B, Maciagowska-Terela M, Stepien A. Real-world effectiveness of fingolimod in Polish group of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 184:105453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zajdel J, Zajdel R. Should a doctor stop rendering medical services? Part II - Analysis of medico-legal conduct in cases of uncertainties regarding informed consent in minors. The Polish perspective. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014; 21:388-393. [PMID: 24959795 DOI: 10.5604/1232-1966.1108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The doctor's decision whether to save the life of a minor who has attempted to commit suicide depends on the decision of the person who, under legal regulations, is responsible for the minor. In everyday medical practice doctors are often placed in difficult situations and often cannot make any decision. Such doubts arise when it is impossible to contact the person(s) responsible for the minor. The doctor encounters similar issues when the parents of a minor under 16 years of age express different opinions on the recommended procedures, and are against the doctor's decision and do not want their child to be hospitalized. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current legislation and doctrine was analyzed and an attempt was made to determine the way of conduct with regard to suicidal minors, and algorithmize the way of conduct towards such suicidal minors. The conduct was discussed on the two examples, based on real clinical cases. RESULTS With regard to minors in a clinical state demanding urgent procedures, who have of the decision made by the guardian, and regardless of the fact there is no contact with the guardian. If the status is stable, the physician's modus operandi depends on various accompanying circumstances. However, he is still obliged to provide medical help. DISCUSSION A practical algorithm is presented and all the possible legal variations discussed and clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zajdel
- Department of Medical Law, Chair of Humanities, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
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Zajdel J, Zajdel R, Krakowiak A. Should a doctor stop rendering medical services? Principles of conduct towards patients attempting to commit suicide. Part 1 -- the Polish perspective. Ann Agric Environ Med 2013; 20:155-160. [PMID: 23540231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the general idea a doctor can start the medical management process in an adult and not legally incapacitated patient after the patient has given consent to initiate such a process. The patient's refusal makes rendering medical services impossible, irrespective of their scope and kind. It should be emphasized that such a refusal is respected if it is expressed fully, clearly and consciously. Cases in which such a refusal is expressed by an intoxicated suicidal patient, remaining under the influence of narcotics, drugs or medicaments which characterize with a similar activity should be particularly analysed. Although such a person is able to verbally declare his objection, his ability to process the information given by the doctor before initiating medical procedures is limited, or even non-existant. The refusal therefore cannot be regarded as reliable, which results in rendering medical services to the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analysis was made of Acts of Law and the opinions of the judiciar by comparing and excluding contradictory and incoherent elements. RESULTS Despite the lack of clear regulations of a patient rejecting procedures aimed at saving the patient's life, or the prevention of serious health impairment or sustaining injury, it should be assumed that the objection expressed by the patient who does not demonstrate the ability to process the information provided by the doctor is not reliable, and the doctor is therefore still obliged to render medical services. External factors, such as consumption of alcohol, narcotics and drugs, which characterize with a similar activity impair perception and make the taking of a conscious decision impossible. Not providing medical help and introducing direct compulsion would mean neglecting provision of due diligence in the process of treatment and, as a consequence, placing the patient's health at risk, and suffering from negative implications for the patient's life and/or health in the future. CONCLUSIONS Current provisions should directly regulate the negligence of respecting a refusal expressed 'unconsciously' by a patient who remains under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, drugs or medicaments which characterize with a similar activity. Moreover, apart from legal provisions, the law providers should consider introducing a direct compulsion in patients who are unable to make a conscious decision in the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zajdel
- Department of Medical Law, Inter-Department of Human Sciences, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobile phone conversation decreases the ability to concentrate and impairs the attention necessary to perform complex activities, such as driving a car. Does the ringing sound of a mobile phone affect the driver's ability to perform complex sensory-motor activities? We compared a subject's reaction time while performing a test either with a mobile phone ringing or without. MATERIAL AND METHODS The examination was performed on a PC-based reaction time self-constructed system Reactor. The study group consisted of 42 healthy students. The protocol included instruction, control without phone and a proper session with subject's mobile phone ringing. The terms of the study were standardised. RESULTS There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in reaction time in control (597 ms), mobile (633 ms) and instruction session (673 ms). The differences in female subpopulation were also significant (p < 0.01). Women revealed the longest reaction time in instruction session (707 ms), were significantly quicker in mobile (657 ms, p < 0.01) and in control session (612 ms, p < 0.001). In men, the significant difference was recorded only between instruction (622 ms) and control session (573 ms, p < 0.01). The other differences were not significant (p > 0.08). Men proofed to complete significantly quicker than women in instruction (p < 0.01) and in mobile session (p < 0.05). Differences amongst the genders in control session was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained proofed the ringing of a phone exerts a significant influence on complex reaction time and quality of performed task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Zajdel
- Department of Medical Law, Inter-Department of Human Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Zwolińska
- Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Śmigielski
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Beling
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cegliński
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical Univeristy of Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Zajdel J, Zajdel R, Dziki A, Wallner G. Alcohol-intoxicated patients at admission room--analysis of legal aspects of rendered medical services. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012; 19:701-706. [PMID: 23311793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Current legal regulations do not explicitly state whether the doctor should or should not ignore the patient's refusal to be provided with medical services when such refusal is given by the patients who is temporarily unable to take conscious decisions. The fact that there is no clear jurisdiction over the issue makes the relation between doctor and patient legally complicated. The doctor has no doubts whether he/she should or should not initiate the medical procedure when the patient clearly expresses the declaration of will, in which either refusal or consent is given to be provided with medical care. However, the patient remaining under the influence of alcohol, i.e. a substance which to some or great extent impairs cognitive functions, rational thinking, and the ability to evaluate incoming information. Alcohol makes the patient unable to interpret the information given by the doctor. Thus, the patient's consent or refusal to be provided with medical care is lacking in the needed elements of "informing" and "conscious declaration of will", which are considered by doctors and lawyers to be absolutely necessary to make such will valid. There are no clear, unambiguous regulations explaining how the doctor should behave in such cases. The authors of the presented study state that it is highly important to determine whether the intoxicated patient is able to understand the incoming information, evaluate it, make a conscious decision and finally, express an explicit (and therefore binding) refusal to accept recommended medical services. In the opinion of the authors, while dealing with such patients, the doctor should bear in mind the patient's right to make autonomous decisions, but that it is also the doctor's duty to provide the patient with medical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zajdel
- Department of Medical Law, Chair of Humanities, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to analyse the results of treatment of anal fistulas retrospectively. METHODS Between 1992 and 2004, 407 patients were operated on for perianal fistula. In the follow-up period, 107 patients were lost, so 300 patients were analysed in the study. The mean follow-up time was 4.2 years. Analysed parameters included: types of surgical procedures in different kinds of fistulas and postoperative complications. Various types of surgical procedures and their effectiveness were described. Late results were assessed taking into account healing time, duration of sick leave, recurrence rate and incidence of anal sphincter dysfunction. Severity of gas and stool incontinence was assessed according to the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score. RESULTS In our study, subcutaneous fistula was diagnosed in 23.3%, inter-sphincteric in 18%, trans-sphincteric in 37.7%, supra-sphincteric in 16% and extra-sphincteric in 5% of patients. Single-tract fistulas were present in 88.7% and multi-tract fistulas were present in 11.3%. Overall, 242 patients had primary fistulas and 58 patients had recurrent fistulas. The most frequently performed procedures were cutting seton (139 patients) and radical fistulectomy (104 patients). Recurrent fistulas developed in 14.3%. Postoperative gas and/or stool incontinence was noticed in 10.7%. The recurrence rate was 5.4% in patients with primary fistula and in 51.7% patients presenting with a recurrent fistula. Gas and stool incontinence developed in 3.7% of patients with primary fistulas and in 39.7% of patients presenting with recurrent fistulas. Recurrence rate was 12% in the patients of single-tract fistulas and 32.4% in the patients of multi-tract fistulas. Postoperative gas and/or stool incontinence occurred in 8.3% of patients of single-tract fistulas and in 29.4% of patients of multi-tract fistulas. CONCLUSIONS The complication rate was 10-fold higher in patients presenting with a recurrent fistula than in those with primary fistulas and threefold higher in patients with multi-tract fistulas than in those with single-tract fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sygut
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Zhang C, Meng F, Huang XP, Zajdel R, Lemanski SL, Foster D, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Dube DK, Lemanski LF. Downregulation of N1 gene expression inhibits the initial heartbeating and heart development in axolotls. Tissue Cell 2004; 36:71-81. [PMID: 14729455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recessive mutant gene c in the axolotl results in a failure of affected embryos to develop contracting hearts. This abnormality can be corrected by treating the mutant heart with RNA isolated from normal anterior endoderm or from endoderm conditioned medium. A cDNA library was constructed from the total conditioned medium RNA using a random priming technique in a pcDNAII vector. We have previously identified a clone (designated as N1) from the constructed axolotl cDNA library, which has a unique nucleotide sequence. We have also discovered that the N1 gene product is related to heart development in the Mexican axolotl [Cell Mol. Biol. Res. 41 (1995) 117]. In the present studies, we further investigate the role of N1 on heartbeating and heart development in axolotls. N1 mRNA expression has been determined by using semi-quantitative RT-PCR with specifically designed primers. Normal embryonic hearts (at stages 30-31) have been transfected with anti-sense oligonucleotides against N1 to determine if downregulation of N1 gene expression has any effect on normal heart development. Our results show that cardiac N1 mRNA expression is partially blocked in the hearts transfected with anti-sense nucleotides and the downregulation of N1 gene expression results in a decrease of heartbeating in normal embryos, although the hearts remain alive as indicated by calcium spike movement throughout the hearts. Confocal microscopy data indicate some myofibril disorganization in the hearts transfected with the anti-sense N1 oligonucleotides. Interestingly, we also find that N1 gene expression is significantly decreased in the mutant axolotl hearts. Our results suggest that N1 is a novel gene in Mexican axolotls and it probably plays an important role in myofibrillogenesis and in the initiation of heartbeating during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Zajdel J, Zajdel R. [Rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with osteopoikilosis]. Wiad Lek 1996; 49:143-146. [PMID: 9245109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
57-years old woman with spotted bones was reported, with concomitant rheumatoid arthritis. It was great concern because of low incidence of osteopoikilia and diagnosis obstacles concerning coexistence of this two pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zajdel
- Oddziału Reumatologii Wojewódzkiego Szpitala Specjalistycznego w Czestochowie
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Zajdel R. [Case of limited calcinosis in the course of rheumatoid arthritis]. Wiad Lek 1978; 31:63-6. [PMID: 654259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zajdel R, Funk C. The use of Colloidal Ferric Hydroxide Sol for Adsorbing the Vitamines B and D. Biochem J 1926; 20:26-30. [PMID: 16743635 PMCID: PMC1251677 DOI: 10.1042/bj0200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Zajdel
- The Biochemical Department, State School of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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