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Han JS, Fishman-Williams E, Decker SC, Hino K, Reyes RV, Brown NL, Simó S, La Torre A. Notch directs telencephalic development and controls neocortical neuron fate determination by regulating microRNA levels. Development 2023:310085. [PMID: 37170916 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) contains myriads of different cell types produced from multipotent neural progenitors. Neural progenitors acquire distinct cell identities depending on their spatial position, but they are also influenced by temporal cues to give rise to different cell populations over time. For instance, the progenitors of the cerebral neocortex generate different populations of excitatory projection neurons following a well-known sequence. The Notch signaling pathway plays crucial roles during this process but the molecular mechanisms by which Notch impacts progenitor fate decisions have not been fully resolved. Here, we show that Notch signaling is essential for neocortical and hippocampal morphogenesis, and for the development of the corpus callosum and choroid plexus. Our data also indicate that in the neocortex, Notch controls projection neuron fate determination through the regulation of two microRNA (miRNA) clusters that include let-7, miR-99a/100, and miR-125b. Our findings collectively suggest that balanced Notch signaling is crucial for telencephalic development and that the interplay between Notch and miRNAs is critical to control neocortical progenitor behaviors and neuron cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo S Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
| | | | - Steven C Decker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Keiko Hino
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Raenier V Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Nadean L Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616, USA
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Reyes RV, Hino K, Canales CP, Dickson EJ, La Torre A, Simó S. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CRL5 Regulates Dentate Gyrus Morphogenesis, Adult Neurogenesis, and Animal Behavior. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908719. [PMID: 35801174 PMCID: PMC9253586 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is an essential part of the hippocampal formation and participates in the majority of hippocampal functions. The DG is also one of the few structures in the mammalian central nervous system that produces adult-born neurons and, in humans, alterations in adult neurogenesis are associated with stress and depression. Given the importance of DG in hippocampal function, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms driving DG development and homeostasis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-5/RBX2 (CRL5) is a multiprotein complex involved in neuron migration and localization in the nervous system, but its role during development and in the adult DG remain elusive. Here, we show that CRL5 participates in mossy fiber pruning, DG layering, adult neurogenesis, and overall physical activity in mice. During DG development, RBX2 depletion causes an overextension of the DG mossy fiber infrapyramidal bundle (IPB). We further demonstrate that the increased activity in Reelin/DAB1 or ARF6 signaling, observed in RBX2 knockout mice, is not responsible for the lack of IPB pruning. Knocking out RBX2 also affects granule cell and neural progenitor localization and these defects were rescued by downregulating the Reelin/DAB1 signaling. Finally, we show that absence of RBX2 increases the number neural progenitors and adult neurogenesis. Importantly, RBX2 knockout mice exhibit higher levels of physical activity, uncovering a potential mechanism responsible for the increased adult neurogenesis in the RBX2 mutant DG. Overall, we present evidence of CRL5 regulating mossy fiber pruning and layering during development and opposing adult neurogenesis in the adult DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raenier V. Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keiko Hino
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cesar Patricio Canales
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eamonn James Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sergi Simó,
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Reyes RV, Herrera EA, Ebensperger G, Sanhueza EM, Giussani DA, Llanos AJ. Perinatal cardiopulmonary adaptation to the thin air of the Alto Andino by a native Altiplano dweller, the llama. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:152-161. [PMID: 32584666 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00800.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mammals have a poor tolerance to hypoxia, and prolonged O2 restriction can lead to organ injury, particularly during fetal and early postnatal life. Nevertheless, the llama (Lama Glama) has evolved efficient mechanisms to adapt to acute and chronic perinatal hypoxia. One striking adaptation is the marked peripheral vasoconstriction measured in the llama fetus in response to acute hypoxia, which allows efficient redistribution of cardiac output toward the fetal heart and adrenal glands. This strong peripheral vasoconstrictor tone is triggered by a carotid body reflex and critically depends on α-adrenergic signaling. A second adaptation is the ability of the llama fetus to protect its brain against hypoxic damage. During hypoxia, in the llama fetus there is no significant increase in brain blood flow. Instead, there is a fall in brain O2 consumption and temperature, together with a decrease of Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Na+ channels expression, protecting against seizures and neuronal death. Finally, the newborn llama does not develop pulmonary hypertension in response to chronic hypoxia. In addition to maintaining basal pulmonary arterial pressure at normal levels the pulmonary arterial pressor response to acute hypoxia is lower in highland than in lowland llamas. The protection against hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary contractile hyperreactivity is partly due to increased hemoxygenase-carbon monoxide signaling and decreased Ca2+ sensitization in the newborn llama pulmonary vasculature. These three striking physiological adaptations of the llama allow this species to live and thrive under the chronic influence of the hypobaric hypoxia of life at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Reyes
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Ebensperger
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E M Sanhueza
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A J Llanos
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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