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Court AC, Le-Gatt A, Luz-Crawford P, Parra E, Aliaga-Tobar V, Bátiz LF, Contreras RA, Ortúzar MI, Kurte M, Elizondo-Vega R, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Pino-Lagos K, Figueroa FE, Khoury M. Mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to T cells induces Treg differentiation and restricts inflammatory response. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48052. [PMID: 31984629 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have fueled ample translation for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. They exert immunoregulatory and tissue-restoring effects. MSC-mediated transfer of mitochondria (MitoT) has been demonstrated to rescue target organs from tissue damage, yet the mechanism remains to be fully resolved. Therefore, we explored the effect of MitoT on lymphoid cells. Here, we describe dose-dependent MitoT from mitochondria-labeled MSCs mainly to CD4+ T cells, rather than CD8+ T cells or CD19+ B cells. Artificial transfer of isolated MSC-derived mitochondria increases the expression of mRNA transcripts involved in T-cell activation and T regulatory cell differentiation including FOXP3, IL2RA, CTLA4, and TGFβ1, leading to an increase in a highly suppressive CD25+ FoxP3+ population. In a GVHD mouse model, transplantation of MitoT-induced human T cells leads to significant improvement in survival and reduction in tissue damage and organ T CD4+ , CD8+ , and IFN-γ+ expressing cell infiltration. These findings point to a unique CD4+ T-cell reprogramming mechanism with pre-clinical proof-of-concept data that pave the way for the exploration of organelle-based therapies in immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Court
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliseo Parra
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Aliaga-Tobar
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Bátiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael A Contreras
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mónica Kurte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando E Figueroa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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Kurte M, Luz-Crawford P, Vega-Letter AM, Contreras RA, Tejedor G, Elizondo-Vega R, Martinez-Viola L, Fernández-O'Ryan C, Figueroa FE, Jorgensen C, Djouad F, Carrión F. IL17/IL17RA as a Novel Signaling Axis Driving Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Function in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:802. [PMID: 29760692 PMCID: PMC5936796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model has been well described. This effect is, in part, mediated through the inhibition of IL17-producing cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. While proinflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ, TNFα, and IL1β have been shown to enhance MSCs immunosuppressive function, the role of IL17 remains poorly elucidated. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the role of the IL17/IL17R pathway on MSCs immunoregulatory effects focusing on Th17 cell generation in vitro and on Th17-mediated EAE pathogenesis in vivo. In vitro, we showed that the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs on Th17 cell proliferation and differentiation is partially dependent on IL17RA expression. This was associated with a reduced expression level of MSCs immunosuppressive mediators such as VCAM1, ICAM1, and PD-L1 in IL17RA-/- MSCs as compared to wild-type (WT) MSCs. In the EAE model, we demonstrated that while WT MSCs significantly reduced the clinical scores of the disease, IL17RA-/- MSCs injected mice exhibited a clinical worsening of the disease. The disability of IL17RA-/- MSCs to reduce the progression of the disease paralleled the inability of these cells to reduce the frequency of Th17 cells in the draining lymph node of the mice as compared to WT MSCs. Moreover, we showed that the therapeutic effect of MSCs was correlated with the generation of classical Treg bearing the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ signature in an IL17RA-dependent manner. Our findings reveal a novel role of IL17RA on MSCs immunosuppressive and therapeutic potential in EAE and suggest that the modulation of IL17RA in MSCs could represent a novel method to enhance their therapeutic effect in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Kurte
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Programa de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael A Contreras
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gautier Tejedor
- IRMB, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luna Martinez-Viola
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Fernández-O'Ryan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando E Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Programa de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Beltrán-Castillo S, Olivares MJ, Contreras RA, Zúñiga G, Llona I, von Bernhardi R, Eugenín JL. D-serine released by astrocytes in brainstem regulates breathing response to CO 2 levels. Nat Commun 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 29018191 PMCID: PMC5635109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central chemoreception is essential for adjusting breathing to physiological demands, and for maintaining CO2 and pH homeostasis in the brain. CO2-induced ATP release from brainstem astrocytes stimulates breathing. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonism reduces the CO2-induced hyperventilation by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that astrocytes in the mouse caudal medullary brainstem can synthesize, store, and release d-serine, an agonist for the glycine-binding site of the NMDAR, in response to elevated CO2 levels. We show that systemic and raphe nucleus d-serine administration to awake, unrestrained mice increases the respiratory frequency. Application of d-serine to brainstem slices also increases respiratory frequency, which was prevented by NMDAR blockade. Inhibition of d-serine synthesis, enzymatic degradation of d-serine, or the sodium fluoroacetate-induced impairment of astrocyte functions decrease the basal respiratory frequency and the CO2-induced respiratory response in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that astrocytic release of d-serine may account for the glutamatergic contribution to central chemoreception. Astrocytes are involved in chemoreception in brainstem areas that regulate breathing rhythm, and astrocytes are known to release d-serine. Here the authors show that astrocyte release of d-serine contributes to CO2 sensing and breathing in brainstem slices, and in vivo in awake unrestrained mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beltrán-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - M J Olivares
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - R A Contreras
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - G Zúñiga
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - I Llona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - R von Bernhardi
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.
| | - J L Eugenín
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.
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