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Higuchi S, Wood C, Nasiri RH, Giddla LJ, Molina V, Diarra R, DiPatrizio NV, Kawamura A, Haeusler RA. The 16α-hydroxylated Bile Acid, Pythocholic Acid Decreases Food Intake and Increases Oleoylethanolamide in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad116. [PMID: 37490843 PMCID: PMC10407715 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of bile acid (BA) structure is a potential strategy for obesity and metabolic disease treatment. BAs act not only as signaling molecules involved in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, but also as regulators of food intake. The structure of BAs, particularly the position of the hydroxyl groups of BAs, impacts food intake partly by intestinal effects: (1) modulating the activity of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, which produces the anorexigenic bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) or (2) regulating lipid absorption and the gastric emptying-satiation pathway. We hypothesized that 16α-hydroxylated BAs uniquely regulate food intake because of the long intermeal intervals in snake species in which these BAs are abundant. However, the effects of 16α-hydroxylated BAs in mammals are completely unknown because they are not naturally found in mammals. To test the effect of 16α-hydroxylated BAs on food intake, we isolated the 16α-hydroxylated BA pythocholic acid from ball pythons (Python regius). Pythocholic acid or deoxycholic acid (DCA) was given by oral gavage in mice. DCA is known to increase N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D activity better than other mammalian BAs. We evaluated food intake, OEA levels, and gastric emptying in mice. We successfully isolated pythocholic acid from ball pythons for experimental use. Pythocholic acid treatment significantly decreased food intake in comparison to DCA treatment, and this was associated with increased jejunal OEA, but resulted in no change in gastric emptying or lipid absorption. The exogenous BA pythocholic acid is a novel regulator of food intake and the satiety signal for OEA in the mouse intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Courtney Wood
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Raidah H Nasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Leela J Giddla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Valentina Molina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rokia Diarra
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Akira Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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