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Teh A, Pritchard E, Donahoe SL, Malik R, Krockenberger M. A case of disseminated cryptococcosis with abdominal involvement due to Cryptococcus neoformans species complex in a Ragdoll cat and false-negative cryptococcal antigen lateral flow tests due to the postzone phenomenon. Aust Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38567673 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although cryptococcosis is the most common systemic fungal disease of cats, abdominal involvement is rarely reported. The pathogenesis of cryptococcosis usually involves sinonasal colonisation, followed by tissue invasion and sinonasal infection, with possible subsequent spread to the lungs and/or direct extension into the central nervous system (CNS), for example, via the cribriform plate. Further haematogenous spread can occur to any tissue, including skin and the CNS. This report describes a case of disseminated cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans species complex in a 13-year-old cat, the fourth documented Australian feline case with abdominal involvement. The cat presented with a chronic history of upper respiratory disease that progressed to severe lethargy and anorexia. An autopsy revealed striking peritonitis with multifocal abdominal involvement affecting the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas and mesentery. Cryptococcal organisms were also observed in organs within the thoracic cavity, sinonasal tissues and the CNS. Testing of abdominal fluid and serum for cryptococcal antigen using a commercially available lateral flow assay using neat fluid specimen initially tested false-negative. However, after dilution of the sample to 1:64, a positive result was obtained, confirming a postzone phenomenon. Taken together, the collective findings were indicative of widely disseminated cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans with atypical involvement of the abdominal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Pritchard
- Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush West, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S L Donahoe
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Stogiannos N, O'Regan T, Scurr E, Litosseliti L, Pogose M, Harvey H, Kumar A, Malik R, Barnes A, McEntee MF, Malamateniou C. AI implementation in the UK landscape: Knowledge of AI governance, perceived challenges and opportunities, and ways forward for radiographers. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:612-621. [PMID: 38325103 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the rapid increase of AI-enabled applications deployed in clinical practice, many challenges exist around AI implementation, including the clarity of governance frameworks, usability of validation of AI models, and customisation of training for radiographers. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of diagnostic and therapeutic radiographers, with existing theoretical and/or practical knowledge of AI, on issues of relevance to the field, such as AI implementation, including knowledge of AI governance and procurement, perceptions about enablers and challenges and future priorities for AI adoption. METHODS An online survey was designed and distributed to UK-based qualified radiographers who work in medical imaging and/or radiotherapy and have some previous theoretical and/or practical knowledge of working with AI. Participants were recruited through the researchers' professional networks on social media with support from the AI advisory group of the Society and College of Radiographers. Survey questions related to AI training/education, knowledge of AI governance frameworks, data privacy procedures, AI implementation considerations, and priorities for AI adoption. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse the data, and chi-square tests were used to explore significant relationships between variables. RESULTS In total, 88 valid responses were received. Most radiographers (56.6 %) had not received any AI-related training. Also, although approximately 63 % of them used an evaluation framework to assess AI models' performance before implementation, many (36.9 %) were still unsure about suitable evaluation methods. Radiographers requested clearer guidance on AI governance, ample time to implement AI in their practice safely, adequate funding, effective leadership, and targeted support from AI champions. AI training, robust governance frameworks, and patient and public involvement were seen as priorities for the successful implementation of AI by radiographers. CONCLUSION AI implementation is progressing within radiography, but without customised training, clearer governance, key stakeholder engagement and suitable new roles created, it will be hard to harness its benefits and minimise related risks. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results of this study highlight some of the priorities and challenges for radiographers in relation to AI adoption, namely the need for developing robust AI governance frameworks and providing optimal AI training.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stogiannos
- Division of Midwifery & Radiography, City, University of London, UK; Medical Imaging Department, Corfu General Hospital, Greece.
| | - T O'Regan
- The Society and College of Radiographers, London, UK.
| | - E Scurr
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - L Litosseliti
- School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, UK.
| | - M Pogose
- Quality Assurance and Regulatory Affairs, Hardian Health, UK.
| | | | - A Kumar
- Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - R Malik
- Bolton NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - A Barnes
- King's Technology Evaluation Centre (KiTEC), School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, UK.
| | - M F McEntee
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - C Malamateniou
- Division of Midwifery & Radiography, City, University of London, UK; Society and College of Radiographers AI Advisory Group, London, UK; European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics, Vienna, Austria; European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Cumieira, Portugal.
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Boye KS, Jordan JB, Malik R, Matza LS. Physician Perceptions of Dose Escalation for Type 2 Diabetes Medications in the United States. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:381-393. [PMID: 37979125 PMCID: PMC10838867 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medications used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) often require dose escalation to optimize effectiveness. Physician and patient perceptions of treatment characteristics of T2D medications have previously been examined, but little is known about perceptions of escalation to the optimal dose for each patient. This study examined physicians' perceptions of dose escalation for medications used to treat T2D. METHODS Data on dose escalation and other factors influencing decision-making for treatment of T2D were collected via an online survey of endocrinologists and primary care physicians in the USA. RESULTS The sample included 501 physicians (348 primary care physicians and 153 endocrinologists). Dose escalation was not frequently considered by physicians as a primary factor keeping patients' from reaching treatment goals (mentioned as a factor by only 7.6% of the sample) or a barrier to prescribing T2D medication (16.2%). Factors more likely to keep patients from reaching treatment goals included an unhealthy diet (86.6%) and medication adherence (77.4%). The most common reasons that physicians reported for escalating dose levels were the need for better glycemic control (reported by 89.8% of the sample), ability to decrease the total number of medications by increasing the dose of one medication (39.9%), and the need for the patient to lose weight (39.3%). Data reported by primary care physicians and endocrinologists followed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS Although common with T2D treatments, escalating the dose of T2D medication was not perceived by physicians to be a significant barrier to attaining treatment goals or prescribing medication. Multiple factors contribute to the decision to escalate the dose of T2D medication.
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Barrett K, Oxenford C, Canfield P, Armstrong S, Malik R. Vale Dave McGavin. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:48. [PMID: 38302107 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- K Barrett
- Launceston Veterinary Hospital, South Launceston, 7249, Tasmania, Australia
| | - C Oxenford
- WHO Lyon, 24 Rue Jean Baldassini, Lyon, F-69007, France
| | - P Canfield
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - S Armstrong
- Zoetis, Springfield Drive, Surrey, KT22 7LP, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Reddrop C, Yarsley E, Kelly-Bosma M, Malik R. A severe case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a young French bulldog living in South-East Queensland caused by Cryptococcus gattii VGII. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:377-382. [PMID: 37537848 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptococcus is one of the most common systemic mycosis worldwide, infecting young adults of the large to giant breed dogs. Infection is commonly acquired from the environment via the sinonasal cavity as the main portal of entry. It either remains there, or spreads to the central nervous system (CNS) and the eye (optic nerve and retina) by penetration of the cribriform plate, or haematogenously to other viscera. Lung involvement is uncommon in cats and dogs in contrast to human and equine patients. Whilst there is a wide genetic diversity amongst Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates along the West Coast and Northern parts of Australia, the molecular diversity of C. gatti is considered very low on the East Coast of Australia, with a huge preponderance of VGI cases. We report on a young small breed brachycephalic dog that presented with extreme gastrointestinal and respiratory signs, but no CNS involvement. It is the first reported case of C. gattii VGII genotype in a companion animal from Queensland. CASE REPORT A 9-month old female entire French Bulldog presented initially for diarrhoea. Clinical progression was accompanied by the development of respiratory signs, so the patient was referred to a 24 h care facility. Following hospitalisation, the patient became hypoxemic requiring mechanical ventilation. A bronchoalveolar lavage performed antemortem confirmed abundant Cryptococcal spp. Further culturing and genotyping identified the species as Cryptococcus gattii VGII. Post-mortem findings indicated gross gastrointestinal and mesenteric involvement, with possible dissemination to the local mesenteric lymph node and lungs. CONCLUSION This case describes a rare example of a Cryptococcus spp suspected of disseminating from the gastrointestinal tract to the lungs, without involvement of the CNS. The observation of this finding in a small brachycephalic breed is unusual, and the finding of genotype VGII on the East Coast of Queensland is extremely unusual as there is no prior travel history of the dog or owners. The presence of a miliary lung pattern with primary gastrointestinal disease in a small breed dog warrants adding cryptococcosis to the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reddrop
- Animal Emergency Service, Carrara, Queensland, 4211, Australia
| | - E Yarsley
- Animal Emergency Service, Carrara, Queensland, 4211, Australia
| | - M Kelly-Bosma
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, B22, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Wun MK, Malik R. Response to Goodwin et al. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:413-416. [PMID: 37587847 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Wun
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington State, USA
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, B22, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Orchard L, Van M, Abbas J, Malik R, Stevenson J, Tolley N. Mixed-reality technology for clinical communication: objective assessment of the HoloLens 2 as a clinical communication device in a simulated on-call scenario. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:1165-1169. [PMID: 36992658 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specialty on-call clinicians cover large areas and complex workloads. This study aimed to assess clinical communication using the mixed-reality HoloLens 2 device within a simulated on-call scenario. METHOD This study was structured as a randomised, within-participant, controlled study. Thirty ENT trainees used either the HoloLens 2 or a traditional telephone to communicate a clinical case to a consultant. The quality of the clinical communication was scored objectively and subjectively. RESULTS Clinical communication using the HoloLens 2 scored statistically higher than telephone (n = 30) (11.9 of 15 vs 10.2 of 15; p = 0.001). Subjectively, consultants judged more communication episodes to be inadequate when using the telephone (7 of 30) versus the HoloLens 2 (0 of 30) (p = 0.01). Qualitative feedback indicates that the HoloLens 2 was easy to use and would add value during an on-call scenario with remote consultant supervision. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the benefit that mixed-reality devices, such as the HoloLens 2 can bring to clinical communication through increasing the accuracy of communication and confidence of the users.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Orchard
- Department of ENT Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, London, UK
| | - M Van
- Department of ENT Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, London, UK
| | - J Abbas
- Human Factors Academy, Manchester University NHS Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Malik
- Medical School, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Stevenson
- Infomation Technology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Tolley
- Department of ENT Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, London, UK
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le Roux CW, Hankosky ER, Wang D, Malik R, Yu M, Hickey A, Kan H, Bunck MC, Stefanski A, Garcia-Perez LE, Wharton S. Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with semaglutide 2.4 mg for the treatment of obesity: An indirect treatment comparison. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023. [PMID: 37344384 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the efficacy of tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg with semaglutide 2.4 mg using an indirect treatment comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using SURMOUNT-1 and STEP 1 trial data, mean percentage change in body weight from baseline and odds ratio (OR) of achieving 5% or greater weight loss were compared between tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg at week 72 and semaglutide 2.4 mg at week 68 using matching-adjusted indirect comparison of the efficacy estimand. Sensitivity analyses were completed using different methods, including the Bucher method, also using different estimands and/or time points. RESULTS Greater reductions in percentage change in body weight were observed with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2.4 mg (tirzepatide 10 mg mean difference: -4.67% [95% CI -5.91%, -3.43%]; tirzepatide 15 mg mean difference: -5.92% [95% CI -7.16%, -4.68%]; both P < .001). Similarly, more participants achieved 5% or greater weight loss with tirzepatide 10 mg (OR 2.61 [95% CI 1.48, 4.57]; P < .001) and 15 mg (OR 2.75 [95% CI 1.57, 4.81]; P < .001) compared with semaglutide 2.4 mg. All sensitivity analyses were consistent, except for an OR of achieving 5% or greater weight loss with tirzepatide 10 mg using the Bucher method to analyse the treatment regimen estimand (P = .074). CONCLUSIONS Currently there are no direct comparisons of tirzepatide and semaglutide for weight management. Using the matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison method to compare the efficacy of tirzepatide and semaglutide for chronic weight management, this analysis showed greater weight loss with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2.4 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Duzhe Wang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Maria Yu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ana Hickey
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hong Kan
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sean Wharton
- McMaster University, York University and Wharton Weight Management Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Botros FT, Gerstein HC, Malik R, Nicolay C, Hoover A, Turfanda I, Colhoun HM, Shaw JE. Dulaglutide and Kidney Function-Related Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A REWIND Post Hoc Analysis. Diabetes Care 2023:dc230231. [PMID: 37343574 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dulaglutide (DU) 1.5 mg was associated with improved composite renal outcomes that included new-onset macroalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes with previous cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors in the REWIND (Researching cardiovascular Events with a Weekly INcretin in Diabetes) trial. This exploratory post hoc analysis evaluated kidney function-related outcomes, excluding the new-onset macroalbuminuria component, among the REWIND participants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Intent-to-treat analyses were performed on REWIND participants (n = 4,949 DU, n = 4,952 placebo). Time to occurrence of a composite kidney function-related outcome (≥40% sustained decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], per the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2009 equation, end-stage renal disease, or renal-related death), and mean annual eGFR slope were examined. Analyses were conducted overall and within subgroups defined by baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR <30 or ≥30 mg/g) and baseline eGFR (<60 or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). RESULTS The post hoc composite kidney function-related outcome occurred less frequently among participants assigned to DU than placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.92, P = 0.004), with no evidence of a differential DU treatment effect by UACR or eGFR subgroup. A ≥40% sustained eGFR decline occurred less frequently among participants assigned to DU than placebo (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.88, P = 0.002). The mean annual decline in eGFR slope was significantly smaller for participants assigned to DU than placebo (-1.37 vs. -1.56 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P < 0.001); results were similar for all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The estimated 25% reduced hazard of a kidney function-related outcome among participants assigned to DU highlights its potential for delaying or slowing the development of diabetic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wun MK, Leister E, King T, Korman R, Malik R. Acute kidney injury in 18 cats after subcutaneous meloxicam and an update on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage in feline patients in Australia. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:90-98. [PMID: 36470590 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-known but poorly documented adverse effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cats. We aimed to describe instances of NSAID-associated AKI in cats and survey Australian veterinarians on NSAID use in acute settings. METHODS Medical records of cats that developed an AKI subsequent to the administration of meloxicam were obtained by searching the databases of seven practices in Queensland, as well as by contemporaneously contacting select veterinary colleagues of the authors in both general and specialist small animal practice. An online questionnaire was created for the survey, and the URL distributed to Australian practitioners. RESULTS A total of 18 cases were retrieved, all of which received injectable meloxicam. The indication(s) for its use and the dosage prescribed were within the manufacturer's recommendations for Australian veterinarians. The majority of cases (13/18 cats) received the label dose of 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) on the day of the procedure. In 12/18 cats, the injection was given in association with general anaesthesia or sedation. Fourteen cats survived to hospital discharge. Of 187 survey respondees, 89% routinely administered NSAIDs for surgery-related analgesia, with 98% prescribing meloxicam and 84% of these giving it SC. Ninety percent of respondees routinely administered NSAIDs for non-surgical-related analgesia, with 99% prescribing meloxicam and 35% of those giving it SC. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We strongly recommend that practitioners avoid prescribing meloxicam SC in cats. This recommendation is emphatic in situations where concurrent dehydration and/or hypotension are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Wun
- Veterinary Specialist Services, Underwood, Australia
- Animal Referral Hospital Brisbane, Sinnamon Park, Australia
| | - E Leister
- Pet Intensive Care Unit, Underwood, Australia
| | - T King
- Veterinary Specialist Services, Underwood, Australia
| | - R Korman
- Veterinary Specialist Services, Underwood, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, B22, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Kneipp CC, Rose AM, Robson J, Malik R, Deutscher AT, Wiethoelter AK, Mor SM. Brucella suis in three dogs: presentation, diagnosis and clinical management. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:133-141. [PMID: 36655500 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brucella suis is an emerging, zoonotic disease predominantly affecting dogs and humans that engage in feral pig hunting in Australia and other countries. Although B. suis infection in dogs shares some clinical similarities to the host-adapted species (B. canis), B. suis remains an incompletely understood pathogen in dogs with limited published data on its pathogenesis and clinical features. This case series describes the presentations, diagnosis, and clinical management of B. suis infection in three dogs: (1) a bitch with dystocia, abortion and mastitis; (2) an entire male dog with septic arthritis and presumptive osteomyelitis; and (3) a castrated male dog with lymphadenitis. Unique features of these cases are reported including the first documented detection of B. suis from milk and isolation from lymph nodes of canine patients, as well as the follow-up of pups born to a B. suis-infected bitch. Consistent with previous reports, all three dogs showed a favourable clinical response to combination antibiotic therapy with rifampicin and doxycycline. Individually tailored drug regimens were required based on the clinical presentation and other factors, including owner expectations and compliance with therapy as well as a zoonotic risk assessment (generally considered low, except around time of whelping). The authors include their recommendations for the clinical management of dogs that are at-risk or seropositive for B. suis with or without clinical signs or laboratory-confirmed infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Kneipp
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Rose
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Robson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Pathology, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Albert Pugsley Pl, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A T Deutscher
- Elizabeth MacArthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A K Wiethoelter
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S M Mor
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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van de Venter R, Skelton E, Matthew J, Tarroni G, Hirani SP, Woznitza N, Kumar A, Malik R, Malamateniou C. A postgraduate introductory module in artificial intelligence for radiographers: experiences of students and educators. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Chowdhary R, Khan RB, Masarkar N, Malik R, Goel SK. An association of VDR gene polymorphism in hypovitaminosis D mediated secondary hyperparathyroidism in adolescent girls; a tertiary hospital study in central India. Steroids 2022; 185:109054. [PMID: 35644378 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is required to maintain normal serum calcium and phosphate levels that help normal bone mineralization, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, immune function, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Interventions including vitamin D supplementation may not improve vitamin D deficiency, as various complex genomic actions could contribute to vitamin D deficiency in the Indian population. Thus, we assessed hypovitaminosis D's relationship with vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and evaluated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in seemingly healthy adolescent school-going girls. We included 100 school-going girls (aged 12-17 years) studying in four schools of different socio-economic strata of Bhopal, India. The selected participants were divided into four groups based on the school in which they were studying. Blood samples were tested for serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH, ALP, vitamin D 25(OH) D, and albumin levels.VDR polymorphism was detected through the PCR-RFLP. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, ANOVA, and linear regression. The difference in the age, calcium, ALP, and vitamin D values between the four groups were significant (P < 0.05), whereas high PTH levels (80%) were found. A higher prevalence of homozygous polymorphic allele demonstrates a molecular signature for severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hypovitaminosis D ranged from 84.9% to 100%, and a high prevalence of VDR polymorphism was observed. Attention must be paid to the health of this age group of school-going girls as hypovitaminosis D and associated VDR gene polymorphism could be the reason for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), showing changes in bone mineral density in these adolescent girls to ensure their future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chowdhary
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - R B Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - N Masarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - R Malik
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - S K Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Hara J, Rajeev-Kumar G, Arya R, Rudra S, Awan A, Malik R, McCall A, Ichikawa T, Golden D. Prospective Pilot Study to Measure Baseline Radiation Knowledge Prior to Radiotherapy After Standard Education at Consultation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Belcher R, Sim D, Meykler M, Owens-Walton J, Hassan N, Rubin R, Malik R. “O” No: A Reddit Analysis of Orgasmic Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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McMaster C, Yang V, Malik R, Norman E, Fraser C, Sutu B, Sammel A, Liew D. AB0602 Temporal artery biopsy positivity rates vary more between similar hospitals than by length, with particular variation between geographic regions. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundClinical practice surrounding giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosis, including the use of temporal artery biopsy (TAB) where appropriate, needs to be consistently accurate to minimise both GCA-related end-organ damage and unnecessary glucocorticosteroid toxicity in all patients. Despite this imperative, the delivery of such clinical care, which can be measured by diagnostic investigation performance characteristics such as TAB positivity rates, varies substantially between different hospitals as it is traditionally reliant on unstructured clinical intuition. While clinical care practices plausibly might be more consistent between neighbouring hospitals given they frequently exchange medical staff and use common teaching sources, these factors are less likely to be applicable when comparing hospitals in different geographical regions within a country, even though educational standards, online information resources, and access to clinical care should be consistent. It therefore stands to reason that variation of diagnostic practice might be greater between geographically distant hospitals.ObjectivesTo compare clinical practice surrounding GCA diagnosis, using TAB positivity rates, between similar hospitals in the same city and a geographically distant city in a different region, to understand the contribution of geographic separation to variance in practice.MethodsTAB histopathological reports were reviewed at three tertiary referral hospital centres: two with neighbouring catchments in the same city, and one in a different city in a neighbouring geographical region in the same country. All three had similar resourcing and catchment demographics during the study period, and none used formal clinical risk stratification scores for GCA pre-test probability. Characteristics including age, sex, biopsy laterality, biopsy length, and hospital were captured, in addition to key histopathological features. Multivariable logistic regression with site-varying intercept was performed, using cubic splines for biopsy length to account for the non-linearity observed.ResultsTAB reports from 708 patients were captured between the three hospitals in two geographical regions. All three sites had a median age of 74 years, had 67-69% of patients being female, and reported median biopsy length between 1.7-2.0cm (Table 1). Despite these similarities, they reported positivity rates varying widely (16% and 24% in Region 1, 29% in Region 2). Apart from age, hospital site was the strongest contributing factor to TAB positivity, with length having little effect outside the very extreme high end and 90% of patients had a biopsy length <4.8cm (Figure 1). For these patients, hospital site differentiated TAB positivity across all biopsy lengths, with Region 2 reporting the highest TAB positivity odds ratio of 2.39 (95%CI: 1.37-4.19).Table 1.CharacteristicSite1Region1 N = 218Site2Region1 N = 361Site1Region2 N = 129Bilateral laterality (%)66 (30%)105 (29%)1 (0.8%)Biopsy length (cm, median (IQR))2.0 (1.4, 3.0)1.7 (1.2, 3.5)1.7 (1.4, 2.2)Female sex (%)149 (68%)249 (69%)86 (67%)Age (y, median (IQR))74 (65, 81)74 (65, 80)74 (68, 81)TAB positivity (%)34 (16%)88 (24%)38 (29%)Figure 1.Marginal probabilities of positive TAB obtained from the multivariable logistic regression model (A) across biopsy lengths, with 80% of observed lengths falling between the two vertical red lines (10% and 90% deciles); (B) across hospital sites; (C) across patient age.ConclusionHospital site contributes more greatly to variation in GCA diagnosis clinical practice than demographics or other clinical features do, with particular variation between geographic regions. As part of clinical care standards, using a replicable pre-test GCA probability score1 to select patients is likely to be as important to diagnosis as the diagnostic tool characteristics themselves.References[1]Laskou F, et al. A probability score to aid the diagnosis of suspected giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Jan 1;37(Suppl 117):104-8.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Orr B, Westman ME, Norris JM, Repousis S, Ma G, Malik R. Detection of Brucella spp. during a serosurvey of pig-hunting and regional pet dogs in eastern Australia. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:360-366. [PMID: 35607254 PMCID: PMC9543532 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. Brucella suis serotype 1 is thought to be maintained in the Australian feral pig population, with disease prevalence higher in Queensland (Qld) than New South Wales (NSW). Pig hunting is a popular recreational activity in rural Qld and NSW, with feral pigs in these states thought to carry B. suis. Brucellosis associated with B. suis has been diagnosed in dogs engaged in pig hunting in some of these areas. A total of 431 dogs from northern Qld and north‐west NSW were recruited. Two distinct cohorts of clinically healthy dogs were tested – (1) 96 dogs from central, north and far north Queensland actively engaged in pig‐hunting and (2) 335 dogs from rural and remote north‐west NSW that were primarily companion (non‐pig hunting) animals. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to Brucella spp. using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) test followed by complement fixation testing (CFT) for RBT‐positive samples. A subset of samples was retested using RBT and CFT. Seven dogs were considered seropositive for B. suis from Qld and remote NSW, including 4/96 (4.2%; 95% CI 3.5% to 4.3%) from the pig‐hunting cohort and 3/335 (0.9%) from the regional pet dog cohort. The use of RBT and CFT in dogs to detect anti‐Brucella antibodies requires validation. Veterinarians treating pig‐hunting dogs and physicians treating pig hunters in central, north and far north Qld need to be aware of the zoonotic risk posed by B. suis to these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Orr
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M E Westman
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Woodbridge Road, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Repousis
- SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Ma
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Malik
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Westman ME, Coggins SJ, van Dorsselaer M, Norris JM, Squires RA, Thompson M, Malik R. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:345-359. [PMID: 35578381 PMCID: PMC9546031 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the passage of over 30 years since its discovery, the importance of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) on the health and longevity of infected domestic cats is hotly debated amongst feline experts. Notwithstanding the absence of good quality information, Australian and New Zealand (NZ) veterinarians should aim to minimise the exposure of cats to FIV. The most reliable way to achieve this goal is to recommend that all pet cats are kept exclusively indoors, or with secure outdoor access (e.g., cat enclosures, secure gardens), with FIV testing of any in‐contact cats. All animal holding facilities should aim to individually house adult cats to limit the spread of FIV infection in groups of animals that are stressed and do not have established social hierarchies. Point‐of‐care (PoC) FIV antibody tests are available in Australia and NZ that can distinguish FIV‐infected and uninfected FIV‐vaccinated cats (Witness™ and Anigen Rapid™). Although testing of whole blood, serum or plasma remains the gold standard for FIV diagnosis, PoC testing using saliva may offer a welfare‐friendly alternative in the future. PCR testing to detect FIV infection is not recommended as a screening procedure since a negative PCR result does not rule out FIV infection and is only recommended in specific scenarios. Australia and NZ are two of three countries where a dual subtype FIV vaccine (Fel‐O‐Vax® FIV) is available and offers a further avenue for disease prevention. Since FIV vaccination only has a reported field effectiveness of 56% in Australia, and possibly lower in NZ, FIV‐vaccinated cats should undergo annual FIV testing prior to annual FIV re‐vaccination using a suitable PoC kit to check infection has not occurred in the preceding year. With FIV‐infected cats, clinicians should strive to be even more thorough than usual at detecting early signs of disease. The most effective way to enhance the quality of life and life expectancy of FIV‐infected cats is to optimise basic husbandry and to treat any concurrent conditions early in the disease course. Currently, no available drugs are registered for the treatment of FIV infection. Critically, the euthanasia of healthy FIV‐infected cats, and sick FIV‐infected cats without appropriate clinical investigations, should not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Westman
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S J Coggins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R A Squires
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Thompson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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Perumal N, Jain R, Chaurasia D, Sharma U, Malik R. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in the convalescent plasma of COVID-19 patients. Int J Infect Dis 2022. [PMCID: PMC8884820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Orr B, Malik R, Westman ME, Norris JM. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in pig-hunting dogs from north Queensland, Australia. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:230-235. [PMID: 35156193 PMCID: PMC9306716 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The causative agent of Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, is endemic to Queensland and is one of the most important notifiable zoonotic diseases in Australia. The reservoir species for C. burnetii are classically ruminants, including sheep, cattle and goats. There is increasing evidence of C. burnetii exposure in dogs across eastern and central Australia. The present study aimed to determine if pig-hunting dogs above the Tropic of Capricorn in Queensland had similar rates of C. burnetii exposure to previous serosurveys of companion dogs in rural north-west New South Wales. A total of 104 pig-hunting dogs had serum IgG antibody titres to phase I and phase 2 C. burnetii determined using an indirect immunofluorescence assay test. Almost one in five dogs (18.3%; 19/104; 95% confidence interval 9.6%-35.5%) were seropositive to C. burnetii, with neutered dogs more likely to test positive compared to entire dogs (P = 0.0497). Seropositivity of the sampled pig-hunting dogs was one of the highest recorded in Australia. Thirty-nine owners of the pig-hunting dogs completed a survey, revealing 12.8% (5/39) had been vaccinated against Q fever and 90% (35/39) were aware that both feral pigs and dogs could potentially be sources of C. burnetii. Our findings indicate that pig hunters should be aware of the risk of exposure to Q fever during hunts and the sentinel role their dogs may play in C. burnetii exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Orr
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M E Westman
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malik
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Gandhi Medical College & Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal
| | - VK Pandya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Gandhi Medical College & Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal
| | - S Malik
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Gandhi Medical College & Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal
| | - P Awasthi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Gandhi Medical College & Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Gandhi Medical College & Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malik
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Gandhi Medical College and Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | - VK Pandya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Gandhi Medical College and Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | - P Awasthi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Gandhi Medical College and Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India
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Frias JP, Bonora E, Cox DA, Kwan A, Raha S, Bethel A, Malik R. Efficacy of Dulaglutide Expanded Doses by Baseline A1C Categories: Post Hoc Analysis of AWARD-11. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090394 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The AWARD-11 trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dulaglutide (DU) once weekly doses of 3 mg and 4.5 mg compared to DU 1.5 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy. This exploratory post hoc analysis of AWARD-11 assessed the effect of dulaglutide on A1C reduction by clinically-relevant baseline A1C subgroups (<8%; 8%-<9%; 9%-<10%; ≥10%) and the proportion of patients achieving A1C <7% in these subgroups through 36 and 52 weeks. Patients were randomized to once weekly DU 1.5 mg (n=612), 3 mg (n=616), or 4.5 mg (n=614). All patients initiated once weekly DU 0.75 mg for 4 weeks, followed by stepwise dose escalation every 4 weeks to the randomized dose. A mixed effects model for repeated measures was used within the A1C subgroups to assess the change in A1C from baseline at 36 and 52 weeks. A longitudinal logistic regression model was used within subgroups to analyze the proportion of patients achieving A1C <7% at 36 and 52 weeks. Efficacy analyses used data collected up to initiation of rescue medication or premature treatment discontinuation, if either occurred. DU 1.5 mg reduced A1C across all baseline A1C categories at 36 weeks (range, -1.0 to -2.2%) and effects were sustained through 52 weeks (range, -1.0 to -2.1%). A1C reductions were greater in patients randomized to DU 3 mg or 4.5 mg versus 1.5 mg in each A1C subgroup, with greater dose-related improvements in patients with higher baseline A1C through 36 weeks (A1C subgroup, least-squares mean change in A1C [%] with 1.5 mg, 3 mg, and 4.5 mg, respectively: A1C<8%, -1.0, -1.2, -1.2; A1C 8-<9%, -1.4, -1.6, -1.8; A1C 9-<10%, -2.1, -2.2, -2.3; A1C ≥10%, -2.2, -2.5, -3.2; interaction p<0.001). More patients randomized to 3 mg or 4.5 mg achieved A1C <7% versus those on 1.5 mg at 36 weeks regardless of baseline A1C, but the difference across dose groups was greater at higher baseline A1Cs. Over half of patients randomized to DU 4.5 mg achieved A1C <7% in every baseline A1C category (A1C<8%, 75%, 87%, 83%; A1C 8-<9%, 61%, 64%, 73%; A1C 9-<10%, 46%, 51%, 64%; A1C ≥10%, 19%, 33%, 55% for DU 1.5 mg, 3 mg, and 4.5 mg, respectively; interaction p=0.096). Similar patterns of dose-related improvement in A1C and proportions of patients achieving A1C <7% across baseline A1C categories were observed at 52 weeks. Gastrointestinal adverse events were similar between A1C subgroups. Glycemic control as measured by A1C and proportion of patients achieving A1C <7% was improved with DU dose escalation from 1.5 mg to 3 mg or 4.5 mg across a spectrum of clinically relevant baseline A1C categories without increasing incidence of GI adverse events. Patients at higher baseline A1Cs (9%-<10% and ≥10%) had larger dose-related improvements in glycemic control than those at lower baseline A1Cs (<8% and 8%-<9%). The majority of patients randomized to DU 4.5 mg achieved glycemic target across all categories of baseline A1C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anita Kwan
- ELI LILLY & COMPANY, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sohini Raha
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Birckhead A, Combs M, Croser E, Montgomery A, Peters A, Stark D, Malik R. Presumptive neural microsporidiosis in a young adult German Shepherd dog from rural Australia. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:351-355. [PMID: 33904161 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT A 1-year-old, neutered male German Shepherd was presented with a 5-month history of episodic lethargy, intermittent fever, weight loss and a hunched posture. The dog was diagnosed with presumptive microsporidian meningoencephalitis based on cytological findings on cerebrospinal fluid analysis and a positive PCR test. The dog initially responded favourably to a 4-week course of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and fenbendazole, and remained well for 12 weeks following cessation of treatment. Disease then recurred, and despite an initial positive response to treatment, he deteriorated and was euthanased 11 weeks later, 7.5 months after definitive diagnosis and 13 months after clinical signs were first reported. CONCLUSION To the authors knowledge, this is the first case of canine microsporidiosis in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Birckhead
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - M Combs
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - E Croser
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - A Montgomery
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - A Peters
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia
| | - D Stark
- Microbiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - R Malik
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia.,Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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25
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Frias JP, Bonora E, Nevarez Ruiz L, Li YG, Yu Z, Milicevic Z, Malik R, Bethel MA, Cox DA. Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg Versus Dulaglutide 1.5 mg in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-11). Diabetes Care 2021; 44:765-773. [PMID: 33397768 PMCID: PMC7896253 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy and safety of dulaglutide at doses of 3.0 and 4.5 mg versus 1.5 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to once-weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg, or 4.5 mg for 52 weeks. The primary objective was determining superiority of dulaglutide 3.0 mg and/or 4.5 mg over 1.5 mg in HbA1c reduction at 36 weeks. Secondary superiority objectives included change in body weight. Two estimands addressed efficacy objectives: treatment regimen (regardless of treatment discontinuation or rescue medication) and efficacy (on treatment without rescue medication) in all randomly assigned patients. RESULTS Mean baseline HbA1c and BMI in randomly assigned patients (N = 1,842) was 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) and 34.2 kg/m2, respectively. At 36 weeks, dulaglutide 4.5 mg provided superior HbA1c reductions compared with 1.5 mg (treatment-regimen estimand: -1.77 vs. -1.54% [-19.4 vs. -16.8 mmol/mol], estimated treatment difference [ETD] -0.24% (-2.6 mmol/mol), P < 0.001; efficacy estimand: -1.87 vs. -1.53% [-20.4 vs. -16.7 mmol/mol], ETD -0.34% (-3.7 mmol/mol), P < 0.001). Dulaglutide 3.0 mg was superior to 1.5 mg for reducing HbA1c, using the efficacy estimand (ETD -0.17% [-1.9 mmol/mol]; P = 0.003) but not the treatment-regimen estimand (ETD -0.10% [-1.1 mmol/mol]; P = 0.096). Dulaglutide 4.5 mg was superior to 1.5 mg for weight loss at 36 weeks for both estimands (treatment regimen: -4.6 vs. -3.0 kg, ETD -1.6 kg, P < 0.001; efficacy: -4.7 vs. -3.1 kg, ETD -1.6 kg, P < 0.001). Common adverse events through 36 weeks included nausea (1.5 mg, 13.4%; 3 mg, 15.6%; 4.5 mg, 16.4%) and vomiting (1.5 mg, 5.6%; 3 mg, 8.3%; 4.5 mg, 9.3%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin, escalation from dulaglutide 1.5 mg to 3.0 mg or 4.5 mg provided clinically relevant, dose-related reductions in HbA1c and body weight with a similar safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enzo Bonora
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Ying G Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
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Gutiontov S, Turchan W, Rouhani S, Chervin CS, Segal J, Bestvina C, Donington J, Hoffman P, Chmura S, Connell P, Juloori A, Malik R, Ferguson M, Patel J, Vokes E, Weichselbaum R, Pitroda S. P14.27 Pathogenic Genomic Alterations of CDKN2A Predict Immunotherapy Resistance in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gill D, Karhunen V, Malik R, Dichgans M, Sofat N. Cardiometabolic traits mediating the effect of education on osteoarthritis risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:365-371. [PMID: 33422704 PMCID: PMC7955282 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate which cardiometabolic factors underlie clustering of osteoarthritis (OA) with cardiovascular disease, and the extent to which these mediate an effect of education. DESIGN Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of OA was performed in UK Biobank (60,800 cases and 328,251 controls) to obtain genetic association estimates for OA risk. Genetic instruments and association estimates for body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking and education were obtained from existing GWAS summary data (sample sizes 188,577-866,834 individuals). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to investigate the effects of exposure traits on OA risk. MR mediation analyses were undertaken to investigate whether the cardiometabolic traits mediate any effect of education on OA risk. RESULTS MR analyses identified protective effects of higher genetically predicted education (main MR analysis odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation increase 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.64) and LDL-C levels (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.91-0.98) on OA risk, and unfavourable effects of higher genetically predicted BMI (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.73-1.92) and smoking (OR 2.23, 95%CI 1.85-2.68). There was no strong evidence of an effect of genetically predicted SBP on OA risk (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.90-1.06). The proportion of the effect of genetically predicted education mediated through genetically predicted BMI and smoking was 35% (95%CI 13-57%). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight education, obesity and smoking as common mechanisms underlying OA and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors represent clinical and public health targets for reducing multi-morbidity related to the burden these common conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - V Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - R Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - M Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
| | - N Sofat
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Iqbal Z, Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Kalteniece A, Adam S, Ho J, Liu Y, Syed A, Malik R, Soran H. Obesity related small fibre neuropathy is associated with circulating PCSK9. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ho J, Liu Y, Adam S, Syed A, Ammori B, Donn R, Malik R, Tabet F, Cochran B, Rye KA, Soran H. Changes in the effect of HDL on pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion following metabolic surgery. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Colhoun H, Malik R, Botros F, Atisso C, Gerstein H. Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and reduced eGFR and albuminuria: a REWIND post hoc subgroup analysis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Diabetic kidney disease affects up to 40% of people with diabetes and is associated with higher cardiovascular (CV) risk. REWIND was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a primary outcome of first occurrence of the composite endpoint of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event [MACE]-3). Dulaglutide treatment reduced the incidence of MACE-3 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without established CV disease.
Purpose
This REWIND post hoc subgroup analysis evaluated the effect of dulaglutide on MACE-3 in patients with an eGFR<60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2 and patients with micro-/macro-albuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g) or normoalbuminuria (UACR <30 mg/g).
Methods
Eligible patients were those ≥50 years old with T2D who had either a previous CV event or CV risk factors. Patients were randomised (1:1) to dulaglutide 1.5 mg or placebo, both in addition to standard of care. A Cox proportional hazards model with treatment, eGFR subgroup (<60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and treatment by eGFR subgroup interaction was used to analyse time to the first occurrence of MACE-3. These analyses were also conducted for albuminuria subgroups (micro-/macro-albuminuria or normoalbuminuria). Estimates of hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each subgroup.
Results
At baseline, 2,199 of 9,901 patients (22.2%) had an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 2,676 (27.0%) had microalbuminuria, and 791 (8.0%) had macroalbuminuria. This post hoc subgroup analysis showed that dulaglutide treatment was consistently associated with MACE-3 risk reduction in patients with eGFR <60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR [95% CI]: 0.93 [0.76–1.13] and 0.86 [0.75–0.99], respectively; interaction p=0.545). Similarly, MACE-3 risk reduction was consistent in patients with micro-/macro-albuminuria or normoalbuminuria (HR [95% CI]: 0.84 [0.72–0.99] and 0.93 [0.79–1.10], respectively; interaction p=0.374).
Conclusions
Regardless of baseline eGFR or albuminuria status, dulaglutide reduces MACE-3 outcomes in patients with T2D and established CV disease or multiple CV risk factors.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Eli Lilly and Company
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Affiliation(s)
- H Colhoun
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Malik
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - F Botros
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - C Atisso
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, United States of America
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Johnston L, Mackay B, King T, Krockenberger MB, Malik R, Tebb A. Abdominal cryptococcosis in dogs and cats: 38 cases (2000-2018). J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:19-27. [PMID: 33107069 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To report the clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment and outcome of abdominal cryptococcosis in dogs and cats in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Canine and feline cases from Australia were retrospectively identified (2000 to 2018) via laboratory and referral centre searches for abdominal cryptococcosis diagnosed by cytology (needle aspirates) or histopathology (biopsy or necropsy) of abdominal organs/tissues. Signalment, presenting complaints, clinical signs, laboratory findings, medical imaging, latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test (LCAT) titres, treatment and outcome data was collected. RESULTS Thirty-eight cases were included (35 dogs, three cats) in the study. Median age of presentation was 2 years for dogs and 6 years for cats. Common presenting complaints included vomiting (23/38), lethargy (19/38) and inappetence/anorexia (15/38). Abdominal ultrasound (25/38 cases) revealed mesenteric and intestinal lesions in most of the cases. On surgical exploration, seven cases had an intestinal lesion associated with an intussusception. Nineteen cases had a pre-treatment LCAT performed, with a median initial titre of 1:2048 (range 1:2 to 65,536). Twenty-four cases (23 dogs, one cat) received treatment, either medical, surgical or both. Median survival time for cases with combined medical and surgical treatment, surgical treatment alone or medical treatment alone was 730, 140 and 561 days, respectively. Eleven remain alive at the time of follow up. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Abdominal cryptococcosis although rare should be a considered as a diagnostic possibility in an especially young dog presenting with gastro-intestinal signs. Older dogs can also present with this condition and should not be euthanised based on imaging alone due to the likenesses with neoplasia. With appropriate treatment and monitoring many dogs may have a prolonged survival period and some may be cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Johnston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialist Services, Carrara, 4211, Australia
| | - B Mackay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialist Services, Carrara, 4211, Australia
| | - T King
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialist Services, Carrara, 4211, Australia
| | - M B Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2678, Australia
| | - A Tebb
- Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Speciality, Success, 6164, Australia
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Malik R, Sharma P, Poulose S, Ahlawat S, Khare K. A practical criterion for focusing of unstained cell samples using a digital holographic microscope. J Microsc 2020; 279:114-122. [PMID: 32441768 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an important technique that may be used for quantitative phase imaging of unstained biological cell samples. Since the DHM technology is not commonly used in clinics or bioscience research labs, at present there is no well-accepted focusing criterion for unstained samples that users can follow while recording image plane digital holograms of cells. The usual sharpness metrics that are useful for auto-focusing of stained cells do not work well for unstained cells as there is no amplitude contrast. In this work, we report a practical method for estimating the best focus plane for unstained cells in the digital hologram domain. The method is based on an interesting observation that for the best focus plane the fringe pattern associated with individual unstained cells predominantly shows phase modulation effect in the form of bending of fringes and minimal amplitude modulation. This criterion when applied to unstained red blood cells shows that the central dip in the doughnut-like phase profile of cells is maximal in this plane. The proposed methodology is helpful for standardizing the usage of DHM technology across different users and application development efforts. LAY DESCRIPTION: Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is slowly but steadily becoming an important microscopy modality and gaining acceptability for basic bio-science research as well as clinical usage. One of the important features of DHM is that it allows users to perform quantitative imaging of unstained transparent cells. Instead of using dyes or fluorescent labelling, DHM systems use quantitative phase as a contrast mechanism which depends on the natural refractive index variation within the cell samples. Since minimal wet lab processing is required in order to image cell samples with a DHM, cells can be imaged in their natural state. While DHM is gaining popularity among users, the imaging protocols across the labs or users need to be standardized in order to make sure that the same quantitative phase parameters are used for tasks such as quantitative phased based cell classification. One of the important operational tasks for any microscopy work is to focus the sample under study. While focusing comes naturally to users of brightfield microscopes based on image contrast, the focusing is not straightforward when samples are unstained so that they do not offer any amplitude contrast. When performing quantitative phase imaging, defocus can actually change the phase profile of the cell due to near-zone (Fresnel) diffraction effects. So unless a standardized focusing methodology is used, it will be difficult for multiple DHM users (potentially at different sites) to agree on quantitative results out of their phase images. DHM literature has prior works which perform numerical focusing of recovered complex wave-field in the hologram plane to find the best focus plane. However such methods are not user friendly and do not allow user the same focusing experience as in a brightfield microscope. The numerical focusing is therefore a reasonably good method for an optics researcher but not necessarily so for a microscopy technician looking at cell samples with a DHM system in a clinical setting. The present work provides a simple focusing criterion for unstained samples that works directly in the hologram domain. The technique is based on an interesting observation that the when an unstained cell sample is in the best-focus plane, its corresponding hologram (or fringe pattern) predominantly shows phase modulation manifested by bending of fringes at the location of the cell. This criterion can be converted into a simple numerical method as we have used to find the best-focus plane using a stack of through focus holograms. We believe that the technique can be used manually by visually observing the holograms or can be converted to an auto-focus algorithm for a motorized DHM system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - P Sharma
- Phase Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Technology Based Incubation Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - S Poulose
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.,Present address: School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Ahlawat
- Phase Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Technology Based Incubation Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - K Khare
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Dees E, Aftimos P, van Oordt H, De Vries E, Neven P, Pegram M, Iqbal R, Boers J, Xiao J, Sipes C, Li C, Sorrentino J, Malik R, Beelen A, Menke-van der C. Dose-escalation study of G1T48, an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), in postmenopausal women with ER+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (ABC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz242.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Berz D, Spira A, Gadgeel S, Anderson I, Goldman J, Thompson J, Foster T, Pritchett Y, Cisneros C, Li C, Sorrentino J, Malik R, Beelen A. Lerociclib (G1T38), an oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, dosed continuously in combination with osimertinib for EGFRmut non-small cell lung cancer: Initial phase Ib results. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Daniel D, Kuchava V, Bondarenko I, Ivashchuk O, Spigel D, Dasgupta A, Reddy S, Melkadze T, Jaal J, Kudaba I, Hart L, Matitashvili A, Koynov K, Yang Z, Wolfe S, Malik R, Morris S, Antal J, Goldschmidt J. Trilaciclib (T) decreases myelosuppression in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients receiving first-line chemotherapy plus atezolizumab. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz264.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Adam S, Azmi S, Liu Y, Ferdousi M, Siahmansur T, Kalteniece A, Marshall A, Ho J, Iqbal Z, Dhage S, D'Souza Y, Natha S, Kalra P, Donn R, Syed A, Ammori B, Durrington P, Malik R, Soran H. Changes In Serum Triglycerides Are Associated With Improvements In Small Fibre Neuropathy In Obese Persons Following Bariatric Surgery. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Malik R, Luong T, Cao X, Han B, Shah N, Franco-Barraza J, Han L, Shenoy VB, Lelkes PI, Cukierman E. Rigidity controls human desmoplastic matrix anisotropy to enable pancreatic cancer cell spread via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. Matrix Biol 2019; 81:50-69. [PMID: 30412725 PMCID: PMC6504628 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is predicted that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will become the second most lethal cancer in the US by 2030. PDAC includes a fibrous-like stroma, desmoplasia, encompassing most of the tumor mass, which is produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and includes their cell-derived extracellular matrices (CDMs). Since elimination of desmoplasia has proven detrimental to patients, CDM reprogramming, as opposed to stromal ablation, is therapeutically desirable. Hence, efforts are being made to harness desmoplasia's anti-tumor functions. We conducted biomechanical manipulations, using variations of pathological and physiological substrates in vitro, to culture patient-harvested CAFs and generate CDMs that restrict PDAC growth and spread. We posited that extrinsic modulation of the environment, via substrate rigidity, influences CAF's cell-intrinsic forces affecting CDM production. Substrates used were polyacrylamide gels of physiological (~1.5 kPa) or pathological (~7 kPa) stiffnesses. Results showed that physiological substrates influenced CAFs to generate CDMs similar to normal/control fibroblasts. We found CDMs to be softer than the corresponding underlying substrates, and CDM fiber anisotropy (i.e., alignment) to be biphasic and informed via substrate-imparted morphological CAF aspect ratios. The biphasic nature of CDM fiber anisotropy was mathematically modeled and proposed a correlation between CAF aspect ratios and CDM alignment; regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic forces to conserve minimal free energy. Biomechanical manipulation of CDMs, generated on physiologically soft substrates, leads to reduction in nuclear translocation of pERK1/2 in KRAS mutated pancreatic cells. ERK2 was found essential for CDM-regulated tumor cell spread. In vitro findings correlated with in vivo observations; nuclear pERK1/2 is significantly high in human PDAC samples. The study suggests that altering underlying substrates enable CAFs to remodel CDMs and restrict pancreatic cancer cell spread in an ERK2 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malik
- Cancer Biology Program, Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States of America; Department Bioengineering, Temple University, United States of America
| | - T Luong
- Cancer Biology Program, Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - X Cao
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - B Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, United States of America
| | - N Shah
- Cancer Biology Program, Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - J Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Biology Program, Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - L Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, United States of America
| | - V B Shenoy
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - P I Lelkes
- Department Bioengineering, Temple University, United States of America.
| | - E Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States of America.
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Westman ME, Malik R, Norris JM. Diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection: an update for clinicians. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:47-55. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ME Westman
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - JM Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia
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Khan T, Stewart M, Blackman S, Rousseau R, Donoghue M, Cohen K, Seibel N, Fleury M, Benettaib B, Malik R, Vassal G, Reaman G. Accelerating Pediatric Cancer Drug Development: Challenges and Opportunities for Pediatric Master Protocols. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2018; 53:270-278. [PMID: 29759018 DOI: 10.1177/2168479018774533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although outcomes for children with cancer have significantly improved over the past 40 years, there has been little progress in the treatment of some pediatric cancers, particularly when advanced. Additionally, clinical trial options and availability are often insufficient. Improved genomic and immunologic understanding of pediatric cancers, combined with innovative clinical trial designs, may provide an enhanced opportunity to study childhood cancers. Master protocols, which incorporate the use of precision medicine approaches, coupled with the ability to quickly assess the safety and effectiveness of new therapies, have the potential to accelerate early-phase clinical testing of novel therapeutics and which may result in more rapid approval of new drugs for children with cancer. Designing and conducting master protocols for children requires addressing similar principles and requirements as traditional adult oncology trials, but there are also unique considerations for master protocols conducted in children with cancer. The purpose of this paper is to define the key challenges and opportunities associated with this approach in order to ensure that master protocols can be adapted to benefit children and adolescents and ensure that adequate data are captured to advance, in parallel, the clinical development of investigational agents for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Khan
- 1 Genentech Inc, a member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Stewart
- 2 Friends of Cancer Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Raphaël Rousseau
- 1 Genentech Inc, a member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Cohen
- 5 Department of Pediatrics and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nita Seibel
- 6 USA National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Fleury
- 7 American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network Inc, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Gilles Vassal
- 10 Department of Clinical Research, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE Rheumatoid keratolysis (RK) is a rare but a serious cause of ocular morbidity in rheumatoid patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the presenting features, the subsequent treatment, and the outcome of patients with RK in the authors' department. METHODS A retrospective study was undertaken of all patients with a diagnosis of RK at Bristol Eye Hospital between January 1987 and June 2002. RESULTS Forty eyes of 38 patients were identified in total. The mean age at presentation was 70 years. The mean duration of rheumatoid arthritis at presentation was 15 years. Most (22, 55%) ulcers were peripheral. Three patients (8%) developed RK within a month of cataract surgery. Out of the 19 patients who did not have a further RK, 11 were immunosuppressed. A total of 37 grafts were performed on 26 eyes. Twenty-two grafts (59%) failed. Immunosuppression increased the chance of anatomical success following penetrating keratoplasty. Infection was identified as a cause of graft failure for immunosuppressed patients in the postoperative period. Nine patients had reversible side effects from immunosuppressant treatment. Four eyes (10%) had to be surgically removed and a further 10 (25%) had severe visual loss (visual acuity less than 6/60). Eleven of the 38 patients subsequently died (29% mortality). CONCLUSIONS Although the visual prognosis is often poor, surgical preservation of the eye can be achieved by penetrating keratoplasty and systemic immunosuppression. With careful observation and regular monitoring, immunosuppressive medication appears to be safely tolerated in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malik
- Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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Loveridge MJ, Malik R, Paul S, Manjunatha KN, Gallanti S, Tan C, Lain M, Roberts AJ, Bhagat R. Binder-free Sn–Si heterostructure films for high capacity Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16726-16737. [PMID: 35540555 PMCID: PMC9080329 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study fabricated and demonstrated a functional, stable electrode structure for a high capacity Li-ion battery (LIB) anode. Effective performance is assessed in terms of reversible lithiation for a significant number of charge–discharge cycles to 80% of initial capacity. The materials selected for this study are silicon and tin and are co-deposited using an advanced manufacturing technique (plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition), shown to be a scalable process that can facilitate film growth on 3D substrates. Uniform and hybrid crystalline–amorphous Si nanowire (SiNW) growth is achieved via a vapour–liquid–solid mechanism using a Sn metal catalyst. SiNWs of less than 300 nm diameter are known to be less susceptible to fracture and when grown this way have direct electrical conductivity to the current collector, with sufficient room for expansion. Electrochemical characterisation shows stable cycling at capacities of 1400 mA h g−1 (>4 × the capacity limit of graphite). This hybrid system demonstrates promising electrochemical performance, can be grown at large scale and has also been successfully grown on flexible carbon paper current collectors. These findings will have impact on the development of flexible batteries and wearable energy storage. This study fabricated and demonstrated a functional, stable electrode structure for a high capacity Li-ion battery (LIB) anode.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Paul
- EMTERC
- De Montfort University
- Leicester
- UK
| | | | | | - C. Tan
- WMG
- Warwick University
- Coventry
- UK
| | - M. Lain
- WMG
- Warwick University
- Coventry
- UK
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Akthar A, Malik R. Salvage Radiotherapy (RT) for Isolated Regional Failures Following Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (HFRT) for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Boever P, Malik R, Afifi N, Elen B. Deep learning to screen for referable diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Malik
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Faculty; Doha Qatar
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Malik R. Automatic tool for quantification of nerve fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ye C, Younus A, Malik R, Roberson L, Shaharyar S, Veledar E, Ahmad R, Ali SS, Latif MA, Maziak W, Feiz H, Aneni E, Nasir K. Subclinical cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. QJM 2017; 110:341-349. [PMID: 27539486 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for a significant portion of deaths in patients with COPD; however, evidence for early detection strategies for CVD in this population remain limited. Our paper aims to summarize existing data regarding subclinical CVD in patients with COPD with a view to identifying screening strategies in these patients. METHODS A systematic review of published literature was conducted for studies examining the relationship of COPD and markers of subclinical disease such as coronary artery calcification (CAC), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation indices (AIx). Both MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched till October 2015. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included in the review. Compared with control subjects, patients with COPD had significantly higher cIMT (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.16-0.90), PWV (SMD 0.91, 95% CI 0.67-1.16) and AIx (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.52-1.19). Additionally, an overall higher prevalence of subclinical CVD as assessed by CAC, ABI and FMD was noted in our review. CONCLUSION Although our findings need further evaluation in prospective studies, our review presents significant evidence in support of increased subclinical CVD burden in COPD patients independent of smoking status. Further large-scale case-control studies are required to highlight the significance of subclinical CVD screening in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ye
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - A Younus
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - R Malik
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - L Roberson
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - S Shaharyar
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, 20900 Biscayne Blvd, Aventura, FL 33180, USA
| | - E Veledar
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - R Ahmad
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - S S Ali
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- University of Manchester School of Medicine, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - M A Latif
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
| | - W Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 1240 S.W. 108 AVE, Path, University Park, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - H Feiz
- Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, 20900 Biscayne Blvd, Aventura, FL 33180, USA
| | - E Aneni
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 1240 S.W. 108 AVE, Path, University Park, Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - K Nasir
- From the Baptist Health South Florida, Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes, 1691 Michigan Avenue Suite 500; Miami Beach, FL 33139, USA
- University of Manchester School of Medicine, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 1240 S.W. 108 AVE, Path, University Park, Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Abbasi MA, Farani SK, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Ahmad I, Malik R, Ashraf M, Qurat-ul-Ain. Synthesis of N-Substituted (2,3-Dihydro-1,4-Benzodioxin-6-YL)Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial Agents and Moderate Enzyme Inhibitors. Pharm Chem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-017-1581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hardefeldt LY, Holloway S, Trott DJ, Shipstone M, Barrs VR, Malik R, Burrows M, Armstrong S, Browning GF, Stevenson M. Antimicrobial Prescribing in Dogs and Cats in Australia: Results of the Australasian Infectious Disease Advisory Panel Survey. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1100-1107. [PMID: 28514013 PMCID: PMC5508328 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigations of antimicrobial use in companion animals are limited. With the growing recognition of the need for improved antimicrobial stewardship, there is urgent need for more detailed understanding of the patterns of antimicrobial use in this sector. Objectives To investigate antimicrobial use for medical and surgical conditions in dogs and cats by Australian veterinarians. Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed over 4 months in 2011. Respondents were asked about their choices of antimicrobials for empirical therapy of diseases in dogs and cats, duration of therapy, and selection based on culture and susceptibility testing, for common conditions framed as case scenarios: 11 medical, 2 surgical, and 8 dermatological. Results A total of 892 of the 1,029 members of the Australian veterinary profession that completed the survey satisfied the selection criteria. Empirical antimicrobial therapy was more common for acute conditions (76%) than chronic conditions (24%). Overall, the most common antimicrobial classes were potentiated aminopenicillins (36%), fluoroquinolones (15%), first‐ and second‐generation cephalosporins (14%), and tetracyclines (11%). Third‐generation cephalosporins were more frequently used in cats (16%) compared to dogs (2%). Agreement with Australasian Infectious Disease Advisory Panel (AIDAP) guidelines (generated subsequently) was variable ranging from 0 to 69% between conditions. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Choice of antimicrobials by Australian veterinary practitioners was generally appropriate, with relatively low use of drugs of high importance, except for the empirical use of fluoroquinolones in dogs, particularly for otitis externa and 3rd‐generation cephalosporins in cats. Future surveys will determine whether introduction of the 2013 AIDAP therapeutic guidelines has influenced prescribing habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Hardefeldt
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S Holloway
- Advanced Vetcare, Kensington, Vic., Australia
| | - D J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Shipstone
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - V R Barrs
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Burrows
- Animal Dermatology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Armstrong
- Zoetis Animal Health, Rhodes, NSW, Australia
| | - G F Browning
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Ni L, Koshy M, Connell P, Hubert G, Vokes E, Patel J, Hoffman P, Al-Hallaq H, Malik R. Impact of Cardiac Dose on Cardiac Events and Survival in Unresectable Lung Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.01.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alluri PG, Larios JM, Malik R, Hayes DF, Speers CW, Rae JM, Chinnaiyan AM. Abstract P6-12-05: Targeting estrogen receptor mutations for treatment of endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p6-12-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- PG Alluri
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - JM Larios
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - R Malik
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - DF Hayes
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - CW Speers
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - JM Rae
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - AM Chinnaiyan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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50
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Malik R, Grover V, Panda N, Bhagat H, Mathew P, Mohanty M, Jangra K, Luthra A. Pre-operative anxiety in intracranial neoplasm patients undergoing surgery and assessment of its predictors. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Malik
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - V. Grover
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - N. Panda
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - H. Bhagat
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - P. Mathew
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - M. Mohanty
- Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - K. Jangra
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - A. Luthra
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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