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Salinas Y, Hoerhager C, García-Fernández A, Resmini M, Sancenón F, Matínez-Máñez R, Brueggemann O. Biocompatible Phenylboronic-Acid-Capped ZnS Nanocrystals Designed As Caps in Mesoporous Silica Hybrid Materials for on-Demand pH-Triggered Release In Cancer Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:34029-34038. [PMID: 30272435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible ZnS-based nanocrystals capped with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (ZnS@B) have been size-designed as excellent pH-responsive gatekeepers on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which encapsulate fluorophore safranin O (S2-Saf) or anticancer drug epirubicin hydrochloride (S2-Epi) for delivery applications in cancer cells. In this novel hybrid system, the gate mechanism consists of reversible pH-sensitive boronate ester moieties linking the nanocrystals directly to the alcohol groups from silica surface scaffold, avoiding tedious intermediate functionalization steps. The ∼3 nm size of the ZnS@B nanocrystals was tailored to allow efficient sealing of the pore voids and achieve a "zero premature cargo release" at neutral pH (7.4). The system selectively released the cargo in acidic conditions (pH 5.4 and 3.0) because of the hydrolysis of the boronate esters, which unblocked the pore voids. Delivery of the cargo by off-on cycles was demonstrated by changes in pH from 7.4 to 3.0, showing its potential pH-switching behavior. Cellular uptake of these nanocarriers within human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells was achieved and the controlled release of the chemotherapeutic drug epirubicin was shown to occur within the endogenous endosomal/lysosomal acidified cancer cell microenvironment and further diffused into the cytosol. Cytotoxicity tests done on the mesoporous support without cargo and covalently linked with ZnS@B nanocrystals as caps were negative, suggesting that the proposed system is biocompatible and can be considered as a very promising drug nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenberger Strasse 69 , Linz 4040 , Austria
| | - Carolin Hoerhager
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenberger Strasse 69 , Linz 4040 , Austria
| | - Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) , Universitat Politécnica de València, Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marina Resmini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SBCS , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) , Universitat Politécnica de València, Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Camino de Vera s/n , Valencia E-46022 , Spain
| | - Ramón Matínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) , Universitat Politécnica de València, Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Camino de Vera s/n , Valencia E-46022 , Spain
| | - Oliver Brueggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP), Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenberger Strasse 69 , Linz 4040 , Austria
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