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Perumal V, Kannan S, Alford L, Pittarate S, Mekchay S, Reddy GVP, Elangovan D, Marimuthu R, Krutmuang P. Biocontrol effect of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae ethyl acetate-derived chemical molecules: An eco-friendly anti-malarial drug and insecticide. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2023; 114:1-19. [PMID: 37497800 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Insect pests represent a major threat to human health and agricultural production. With a current over-dependence on chemical insecticides in the control of insect pests, leading to increased chemical resistance in target organisms, as well as side effects on nontarget organisms, the wider environment, and human health, finding alternative solutions is paramount. The employment of entomopathogenic fungi is one such potential avenue in the pursuit of greener, more target-specific methods of insect pest control. To this end, the present study tested the chemical constituents of Metarhizium anisopliae fungi against the unicellular protozoan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the insect pests Anopheles stephensi Listen, Spodoptera litura Fabricius, and Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, as well as the nontarget bioindicator species, Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg. Fungal crude chemical molecules caused a noticeable anti-plasmodial effect against P. falciparum, with IC50 and IC90 values of 11.53 and 7.65 µg/mL, respectively. The crude chemical molecules caused significant larvicidal activity against insect pests, with LC50 and LC90 values of 49.228-71.846 µg/mL in A. stephensi, 32.542-76.510 µg/mL in S. litura, and 38.503-88.826 µg/mL in T. molitor at 24 h posttreatment. Based on the results of the nontarget bioassay, it was revealed that the fungal-derived crude extract exhibited no histopathological sublethal effects on the earthworm E. eugeniae. LC-MS analysis of M. anisopliae-derived crude metabolites revealed the presence of 10 chemical constituents. Of these chemicals, three major chemical constituents, namely, camphor (15.91%), caprolactam (13.27%), and monobutyl phthalate (19.65%), were highlighted for potential insecticidal and anti-malarial activity. The entomopathogenic fungal-derived crude extracts thus represent promising tools in the control of insect pests and malarial parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanandhan Perumal
- Department of General Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathy Kannan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lucy Alford
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarayut Pittarate
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supamit Mekchay
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gadi V P Reddy
- USDA-ARS-Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Dilipan Elangovan
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Marimuthu
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Perumal V, Kannan S, Alford L, Pittarate S, Geedi R, Elangovan D, Marimuthu R, Krutmuang P. First report on the enzymatic and immune response of Metarhizium majus bag formulated conidia against Spodoptera frugiperda: An ecofriendly microbial insecticide. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1104079. [PMID: 36937255 PMCID: PMC10019823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi from microbial sources are a powerful tool for combating insecticide resistance in insect pests. The purpose of the current study was to isolate, identify, and evaluate bag-formulated entomopathogenic fungal conidial virulence against insect pests. We further investigated the enzymatic responses induced by the entomopathogenic fungi as well as the effect on a non-target species. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from the Palamalai Hills, India, using the insect bait method, and the Metarhizium majus (MK418990.1) entomopathogen was identified using biotechnological techniques (genomic DNA isolation and 18S rDNA amplification). Bag-formulated fungal conidial efficacy (2.5 × 103, 2.5 × 104, 2.5 × 105, 2.5 × 106, and 2.5 × 107 conidia/ml) was evaluated against third instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of treatment, and acid and alkaline phosphatases, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymatic responses were evaluated at 3 days post-treatment. After 12 days of treatment, non-target assays on the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae were performed using an artificial soil assay. Results of the bag formulated fungal conidial treatment showed that S. frugiperda had high susceptibility rates at higher concentrations (2.5 × 107 conidia/ml) of M. majus. Lower concentration of 2.5 × 103 conidia/ml caused 68.6% mortality, while 2.5 × 107 conidia/ml caused 100% mortality at 9 days post treatment. Investigation into enzymatic responses revealed that at 3 days post M. majus conidia exposure (2.5 × 103 conidia/ml), insect enzyme levels had significantly changed, with acid and alkaline phosphatases, and catalase enzymes significantly reduced and superoxide dismutase enzymes significantly raised relative to the control. After 12 days of treatment, no sublethal effects of M. majus conidia were observed on E. eugeniae, with no observed damage to gut tissues including lumen and epithelial cells, the nucleus, setae, coelom, mitochondria, and muscles. This study offers support for the use of fungal conidia in the target-specific control of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanandhan Perumal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- *Correspondence: Vivekanandhan Perumal,
| | - Swathy Kannan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lucy Alford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarayut Pittarate
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ruchika Geedi
- Geedi-Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, USDA- Agricultural Research Services, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Dilipan Elangovan
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Marimuthu
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Patcharin Krutmuang,
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Ramanujam BTS, Adhyapak PV, Radhakrishnan S, Marimuthu R. Effect of casting solvent on the structure development, electrical, thermal behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–carbon nanofiber (CNF) conducting binary and hybrid nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Senthilraja S, Gangadevi R, Köten H, Marimuthu R. Performance assessment of a solar powered hydrogen production system and its ANFIS model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05271. [PMID: 33102870 PMCID: PMC7569347 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from many limitations, the usage of hydrogen in different day-to-day applications have been increasing drastically in recent years. However, numerous techniques available to produce hydrogen, electrolysis of water is one of the simplest and cost-effective hydrogen production techniques. In this method, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen by using external electric current. In this research, a novel hydrogen production system incorporated with Photovoltaic – Thermal (PVT) solar collector is developed. The influence of different parameters like solar collector tilt angle, thermal collector design and type of heat transfer fluid on the performance of PVT system and hydrogen production system are also discussed. Finally, thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, and hydrogen production rate have been predicted by using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique. Based on this study results, it can be inferred that the solar collector tilt angle plays a significant role to improve the performance of the electrical and thermal performance of PVT solar system and Hydrogen yield rate. On the other side, the spiral-shaped thermal collector with water exhibited better end result than the other hydrogen production systems. The predicted results ANFIS techniques represent an excellent agreement with the experimental results. In consequence, it is suggested that the developed ANFIS model can be adopted for further studies to predict the performance of the hydrogen production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Senthilraja
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - R. Gangadevi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India
| | - Hasan Köten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R. Marimuthu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, India
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Joseph G, Santosh D, Marimuthu R, McLean AN, Fraser MH. Erratum: Letter to the editor: in reply to Dr J Silver. Spinal Cord 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Papavasiliou AV, Isaac DL, Marimuthu R, Skyrme A, Armitage A. Infection in knee replacements after previous injection of intra-articular steroid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 88:321-3. [PMID: 16498004 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.88b3.17136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed 231 patients who had undergone total knee replacement with an AGC (Biomet) implant over a period of 2.5 years. After applying exclusion criteria and with some loss to follow-up, there were 144 patients available for study. These were divided into two groups; those who had received intra-articular steroid in the 11 months before surgery and those who had not. There were three deep infections, all of which occurred in patients who had received a steroid injection. The incidence of superficial infection was not significantly different in the two groups. Five patients had undergone investigation for suspected deep infection because of persistent swelling or pain and all of these had received an intra-articular injection pre-operatively. We conclude that the decision to administer intra-articular steroids to a patient who may be a candidate for total knee replacement should not be taken lightly because of a risk of post-operative deep infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Papavasiliou
- Orthopaedic Department, Eastbourne District General Hospital NHS Trust, Kings Drive, Eastbourne BN21 2UD, UK.
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Santosh JGC, Marimuthu R, Fraser MH, Mclean AN. In reply to Dr J Silver. Spinal Cord 2005. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case report. OBJECTIVE To report a case of spinal cord infarction after a self-inflicted needle stick injury, following an injection of heroin into the cord. SETTING National spinal injury unit in a Scottish University teaching hospital, Glasgow, UK. CASE REPORT A 20-year-old male, injected street heroin accidentally into the cord through the left side of the neck, leading to sudden loss of power to all four limbs. Initial magnetic resonance imaging scans showed extensive cord oedema and follow-up scans showed signal changes within the anterior horns of the spinal cord in keeping with a cord infarct. CONCLUSION Self-inflicted spinal cord injury with a small needle is difficult, but not impossible. Cord infarct as a result of a self-inflicted injury has not been previously reported. The mechanism of the injury resulting in cord infarction is explained by the vascular anatomy of the spinal cord circulation, and this may also explain the residual neurological status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Joseph
- The Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Kulkarni MV, Viswanath AK, Marimuthu R, Seth T. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline doped with organic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kulkarni MV, Viswanath AK, Marimuthu R, Seth T. Spectroscopic, transport, and morphological studies of polyaniline doped with inorganic acids. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Somani PR, Marimuthu R, Viswanath A, Radhakrishnan S. Thermal degradation properties of solid polymer electrolyte (poly(vinyl alcohol)+phosphoric acid)/methylene blue composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kannan P, Senthil S, Vijayakumar R, Marimuthu R. Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymers containing aromatic ester mesogen and a nonmesogenic ferrocene unit in the spacer. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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