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Zhang J, Nguyen AH, Jilani D, Trigo Torres RS, Schmiess-Heine L, Le T, Xia X, Cao H. Consecutive treatments of methamphetamine promote the development of cardiac pathological symptoms in zebrafish. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294322. [PMID: 37976248 PMCID: PMC10655962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine use, a widespread drug epidemic, has been associated with cardiac morphological and electrical remodeling, leading to the development of numerous cardiovascular diseases. While methamphetamine has been documented to induce arrhythmia, most results originate from clinical trials from users who experienced different durations of methamphetamine abuse, providing no documentation on the use of methamphetamine in standardized settings. Additionally, the underlying molecular mechanism on how methamphetamine affects the cardiovascular system remains elusive. A relationship was sought between cardiotoxicity and arrhythmia with associated methamphetamine abuse in zebrafish to identify and to understand the adverse cardiac symptoms associated with methamphetamine. Zebrafish were first treated with methamphetamine 3 times a week over a 2-week duration. Immediately after treatment, zebrafish underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement using an in-house developed acquisition system for electrophysiological analysis. Subsequent analyses of cAMP expression and Ca2+ regulation in zebrafish cardiomyocytes were conducted. cAMP is vital to development of myocardial fibrosis and arrhythmia, prominent symptoms in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Ca2+ dysregulation is also a factor in inducing arrhythmias. During the first week of treatment, zebrafish that were administered with methamphetamine displayed a decrease in heart rate, which persisted throughout the second week and remained significantly lower than the heart rate of untreated fish. Results also indicate an increased heart rate variability during the early stage of treatment followed by a decrease in the late stage for methamphetamine-treated fish over the duration of the experiment, suggesting a biphasic response to methamphetamine exposure. Methamphetamine-treated fish also exhibited reduced QTc intervals throughout the experiment. Results from the cAMP and Ca2+ assays demonstrate that cAMP was upregulated and Ca2+ was dysregulated in response to methamphetamine treatment. Collagenic assays indicated significant fibrotic response to methamphetamine treatment. These results provide potential insight into the role of methamphetamine in the development of fibrosis and arrhythmia due to downstream effectors of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Anh H. Nguyen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Sensoriis, Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Jilani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Lauren Schmiess-Heine
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Tai Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Xing Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Sensoriis, Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States of America
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Xia X, Vishwanath M, Zhang J, Sarafan S, Trigo Torres RS, Le T, Lau MP, Nguyen AH, Cao H. Microelectrode array membranes to simultaneously assess cardiac and neurological signals of xenopus laevis under chemical exposures and environmental changes. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Le T, Zhang J, Nguyen AH, Trigo Torres RS, Vo K, Dutt N, Lee J, Ding Y, Xu X, Lau MPH, Cao H. A novel wireless ECG system for prolonged monitoring of multiple zebrafish for heart disease and drug screening studies. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113808. [PMID: 34801796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish and their mutant lines have been extensively used in cardiovascular studies. In the current study, the novel system, Zebra II, is presented for prolonged electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and analysis for multiple zebrafish within controllable working environments. The Zebra II is composed of a perfusion system, apparatuses, sensors, and an in-house electronic system. First, the Zebra II is validated in comparison with a benchmark system, namely iWORX, through various experiments. The validation displayed comparable results in terms of data quality and ECG changes in response to drug treatment. The effects of anesthetic drugs and temperature variation on zebrafish ECG were subsequently investigated in experiments that need real-time data assessment. The Zebra II's capability of continuous anesthetic administration enabled prolonged ECG acquisition up to 1 h compared to that of 5 min in existing systems. The novel, cloud-based, automated analysis with data obtained from four fish further provided a useful solution for combinatorial experiments and helped save significant time and effort. The system showed robust ECG acquisition and analytics for various applications including arrhythmia in sodium induced sinus arrest, temperature-induced heart rate variation, and drug-induced arrhythmia in Tg(SCN5A-D1275N) mutant and wildtype fish. The multiple channel acquisition also enabled the implementation of randomized controlled trials on zebrafish models. The developed ECG system holds promise and solves current drawbacks in order to greatly accelerate drug screening applications and other cardiovascular studies using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Le
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jimmy Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Sensoriis., Inc, Edmonds, WA, 98026, USA
| | | | - Khuong Vo
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, UC Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nikil Dutt
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, UC Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Sensoriis., Inc, Edmonds, WA, 98026, USA.
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Naderi AM, Bu H, Su J, Huang MH, Vo K, Trigo Torres RS, Chiao JC, Lee J, Lau MPH, Xu X, Cao H. Deep learning-based framework for cardiac function assessment in embryonic zebrafish from heart beating videos. Comput Biol Med 2021; 135:104565. [PMID: 34157469 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a powerful and widely-used model system for a host of biological investigations, including cardiovascular studies and genetic screening. Zebrafish are readily assessable during developmental stages; however, the current methods for quantifying and monitoring cardiac functions mainly involve tedious manual work and inconsistent estimations. In this paper, we developed and validated a Zebrafish Automatic Cardiovascular Assessment Framework (ZACAF) based on a U-net deep learning model for automated assessment of cardiovascular indices, such as ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) from microscopic videos of wildtype and cardiomyopathy mutant zebrafish embryos. Our approach yielded favorable performance with accuracy above 90% compared with manual processing. We used only black and white regular microscopic recordings with frame rates of 5-20 frames per second (fps); thus, the framework could be widely applicable with any laboratory resources and infrastructure. Most importantly, the automatic feature holds promise to enable efficient, consistent, and reliable processing and analysis capacity for large amounts of videos, which can be generated by diverse collaborating teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Haisong Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jingcheng Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mao-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Khuong Vo
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - J-C Chiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sensoriis, Inc, Edmonds, WA, USA.
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