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Sharp B, Rallabandi R, Devaux P. Advances in RNA Viral Vector Technology to Reprogram Somatic Cells: The Paramyxovirus Wave. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:353-367. [PMID: 35763161 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethical issues are a significant barrier to the use of embryonic stem cells in patients due to their origin: human embryos. To further the development of stem cells in a patient application, alternative sources of cells were sought. A process referred to as reprogramming was established to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, resolving the ethical issues, and vectors were developed to deliver the reprogramming factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Early viral vectors used integrating retroviruses and lentiviruses as delivery vehicles for the transcription factors required to initiate reprogramming. However, because of the inherent risk associated with vectors that integrate into the host genome, non-integrating approaches were explored. The development of non-integrating viral vectors offers a safer alternative, and these modern vectors are reliable, efficient, and easy to use to achieve induced pluripotent stem cells suitable for direct patient application in the growing field of individualized medicine. This review summarizes all the RNA viral vectors in the field of reprogramming with a special focus on the emerging delivery vectors based on non-integrating Paramyxoviruses, Sendai and measles viruses. We discuss their design and evolution towards being safe and efficient reprogramming vectors in generating induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Rallabandi R, Sharp B, Cruz C, Wang Q, Locsin A, Driscoll CB, Lee E, Nelson T, Devaux P. miRNA-mediated control of exogenous OCT4 during mesenchymal-epithelial transition increases measles vector reprogramming efficiency. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 24:48-61. [PMID: 34977272 PMCID: PMC8683617 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OCT4 is a key mediator of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming, but the mechanistic insights into the role of exogenous OCT4 and timelines that initiate pluripotency remain to be resolved. Here, using measles reprogramming vectors, we present microRNA (miRNA) targeting of exogenous OCT4 to shut down its expression during the mesenchymal to the epithelial transition phase of reprogramming. We showed that exogenous OCT4 is required only for the initiation of reprogramming and is dispensable for the maturation stage. However, the continuous expression of SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC is necessary for the maturation stage of the iPSC. Additionally, we demonstrate a novel application of miRNA targeting in a viral vector to contextually control the vector/transgene, ultimately leading to an improved reprogramming efficiency. This novel approach could be applied to other systems for improving the efficiency of vector-induced processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Regenerative Sciences PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Conrad Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexis Locsin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher B. Driscoll
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ella Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Regenerative Sciences PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Corresponding author Patricia Devaux, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Makena RR, Rallabandi R, Parvataneni V. Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Oxidation of DL-Aspartic Acid with Gold(III) in Aqueous and Micellar media. Russ J Phys Chem B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119060241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Povedano J, Rallabandi R, Nijhawan D, de Brabander J, McFadden D. B05 Identifying SCLC Vulnerabilities Using Phenotypic Chemical Screens. J Thorac Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Neeharika TSVR, Rallabandi R, Ragini Y, Kaki SS, Rani KNP, Prasad RBN. Lipase catalyzed interesterification of rice bran oil with hydrogenated cottonseed oil to produce trans free fat. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 52:4905-14. [PMID: 26243910 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipase catalyzed interesterification of rice bran oil (RBO) with hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCSO) was carried out for producing a low trans free fat. The interesterification reaction was performed by varying parameters such as weight proportions of RBO and HCSO, reaction temperatures, time period and lipase concentration. Both non specific and specific lipases namely Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TL IM were employed for this study. Based on the data generated, the optimum reaction conditions were found to be: weight proportion of RBO and HCSO, 80:20; lipase concentration, 5 % (w/w) of substrates; reaction temperature, 60 °C; reaction time, 4 h for Lipozyme TL IM and 5 h for Novozym 435. The degree of interesterification, calculated based on the results of solid fat characteristics was used for comparing the catalytic activity of Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TL IM. It was observed that the degree of interesterification (DI) reached a near 100 % at the 4th hour for reaction employing Lipozyme TL IM with a rate constant of 0.191 h(-1) while Novozym 435 catalyzed reaction reached a near 100 % degree of interesterification at the 5th hour with a rate constant of 0.187 h(-1), suggesting that Lipozyme TL IM has a faster catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S V R Neeharika
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Ramya Rallabandi
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Y Ragini
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Shiva Shanker Kaki
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - K N Prasanna Rani
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - R B N Prasad
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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