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Zalta AK, Voigt RM, Stevens SK, Held P, Raeisi S, Boley RA, Keshavarzian A, Pollack MH. Brain derived neurotrophic factor and treatment outcomes among veterans attending an intensive treatment program for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:1-5. [PMID: 38437783 PMCID: PMC11018453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play an important role in the success of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pre- and post-treatment blood samples were analyzed for 40 veterans who completed a 3-week intensive outpatient treatment for PTSD. The treatment included Cognitive Processing Therapy, mindfulness, and yoga as core treatment components. PTSD symptoms were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Participants reported large decreases in PTSD symptoms from pre-to post-treatment (d = 1.46, p < 0.001) and pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (d = 0.91, p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, participants demonstrated a decrease in BDNF from pre-to post-treatment (d = 0.64, p < 0.001). Changes in BDNF from pre-to post-treatment were not significantly associated with PTSD symptom improvement. However, higher levels of post-treatment BDNF were significantly associated with lower PTSD symptoms at 3-month follow-up (n = 27, r = -0.57, p = 0.002) and greater improvements in PTSD symptoms from pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (n = 27, r = 0.50, p = 0.008). Higher levels of post-treatment BDNF may facilitate the long-term success of intensive PTSD treatment. Further research with larger samples is needed to evaluate the processes by which BDNF may affect consolidation of improvements after completion of PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah K Stevens
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ilyas Y, Hassanbeigi Daryani S, Kiriella D, Pachwicewicz P, Boley RA, Reyes KM, Smith DL, Zalta AK, Schueller SM, Karnik NS, Stiles-Shields C. Geolocation Patterns, Wi-Fi Connectivity Rates, and Psychiatric Symptoms amongst Urban Homeless Youth Using Self-Report and Smartphone Data: Pilot Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 7:e45309. [PMID: 37071457 PMCID: PMC10155082 DOI: 10.2196/45309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant research done on youth experiencing homelessness, few studies have examined movement patterns and digital habits in this population. Examining these digital behaviors may provide useful data to design new digital health intervention models for youth experiencing homelessness. Specifically, passive data collection (data collected without extra steps for a user) may provide insights into lived experience and user needs without putting an additional burden on youth experiencing homelessness to inform digital health intervention design. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore patterns of mobile phone Wi-Fi usage and GPS location movement among youth experiencing homelessness. Additionally, we further examined the relationship between usage and location as correlated with depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHODS A total of 35 adolescent and young adult participants were recruited from the general community of youth experiencing homelessness for a mobile intervention study that included installing a sensor data acquisition app (Purple Robot) for up to 6 months. Of these participants, 19 had sufficient passive data to conduct analyses. At baseline, participants completed self-reported measures for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5]). Behavioral features were developed and extracted from phone location and usage data. RESULTS Almost all participants (18/19, 95%) used private networks for most of their noncellular connectivity. Greater Wi-Fi usage was associated with a higher PCL-5 score (P=.006). Greater location entropy, representing the amount of variability in time spent across identified clusters, was also associated with higher severity in both PCL-5 (P=.007) and PHQ-9 (P=.045) scores. CONCLUSIONS Location and Wi-Fi usage both demonstrated associations with PTSD symptoms, while only location was associated with depression symptom severity. While further research needs to be conducted to establish the consistency of these findings, they suggest that the digital patterns of youth experiencing homelessness offer insights that could be used to tailor digital interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Ilyas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Dona Kiriella
- School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Pachwicewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Randy A Boley
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karen M Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dale L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Niranjan S Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Colleen Stiles-Shields
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Karnik NS, Marsden J, McCluskey C, Boley RA, Bradley KA, Campbell CI, Curtis ME, Fiellin D, Ghitza U, Hefner K, Hser Y, McHugh RK, McPherson SM, Mooney LJ, Moran LM, Murphy SM, Schwartz RP, Shmueli‐Blumberg D, Shulman M, Stephens KA, Watkins KE, Weiss RD, Wu L. The opioid use disorder core outcomes set (OUD-COS) for treatment research: findings from a Delphi consensus study. Addiction 2022; 117:2438-2447. [PMID: 35293064 PMCID: PMC9543602 DOI: 10.1111/add.15875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is no gold-standard and considerable heterogeneity in outcome measures used to evaluate treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) along the opioid treatment cascade. The aim of this study was to develop the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) opioid use disorder core outcomes set (OUD-COS). DESIGN Four-round, e-Delphi expert panel consensus study and plenary research group discussion and targeted consultation. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A panel of 25 members including clinical practitioners, clinical researchers and administrative staff from the CTN, the network's affiliated clinical and community sites and the NIDA Centre for the CTN. MEASUREMENTS From a pool of 24 candidate items in four domains (biomedical/disease status; behaviors, symptoms and functioning; opioid treatment cascade; and morbidity and mortality), the panel completed an on-line questionnaire to rank items with defined specification on a 9-point scale for importance, with a standard 70% consensus criterion. FINDINGS After the fourth round of the questionnaire and subsequent discussion, consensus was reached for five outcomes: two patient-reported (global impression of improvement and incident non-fatal overdose); one clinician-reported (illicit/non-medical drug toxicology); and two from administrative records (duration of treatment and fatal opioid poisoning). CONCLUSIONS An e-Delphi consensus study has produced the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network opioid use disorder core outcomes set (version 1) for opioid use disorder treatment efficacy and effectiveness research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan S. Karnik
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - John Marsden
- Addictions Department, School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Connor McCluskey
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Randy A. Boley
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Katharine A. Bradley
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Megan E. Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - David Fiellin
- Yale School of Medicine, Internal MedicineProgram in Addiction MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Udi Ghitza
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthNational Institute on Drug Abuse Center for Clinical Trials NetworkBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Kathryn Hefner
- Yale School of Medicine, Internal MedicineProgram in Addiction MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Emmes Company, LLCNational Institute on Drug Abuse Data and Statistics Center and Clinical Coordinating CenterRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Yih‐Ing Hser
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - R. Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, McLean Hospital and Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical School, McLean HospitalBelmontMAUSA
| | - Sterling M. McPherson
- Department of Community and Behavioral HealthWashington State University Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineSpokaneWAUSA
| | - Larissa J. Mooney
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Landhing M. Moran
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthNational Institute on Drug Abuse Center for Clinical Trials NetworkBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Sean M. Murphy
- Department of Population Health SciencesWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Dikla Shmueli‐Blumberg
- Emmes Company, LLCNational Institute on Drug Abuse Data and Statistics Center and Clinical Coordinating CenterRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Matisyahu Shulman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Department of PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kari A. Stephens
- Departments of Family Medicine, Biomedical Informatics and Medical EducationUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Roger D. Weiss
- Emmes Company, LLCNational Institute on Drug Abuse Data and Statistics Center and Clinical Coordinating CenterRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Li‐Tzy Wu
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
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Voigt RM, Zalta AK, Raeisi S, Zhang L, Brown JM, Forsyth CB, Boley RA, Held P, Pollack MH, Keshavarzian A. Abnormal intestinal milieu in posttraumatic stress disorder is not impacted by treatment that improves symptoms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G61-G70. [PMID: 35638693 PMCID: PMC9291416 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder, resulting from exposure to traumatic events. Current recommended first-line interventions for the treatment of PTSD include evidence-based psychotherapies, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Psychotherapies are effective for reducing PTSD symptoms, but approximately two-thirds of veterans continue to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD after treatment, suggesting there is an incomplete understanding of what factors sustain PTSD. The intestine can influence the brain and this study evaluated intestinal readouts in subjects with PTSD. Serum samples from controls without PTSD (n = 40) from the Duke INTRuST Program were compared with serum samples from veterans with PTSD (n = 40) recruited from the Road Home Program at Rush University Medical Center. Assessments included microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier, and intestinal epithelial cell function. In addition, intestinal readouts were assessed in subjects with PTSD before and after a 3-wk CPT-based intensive treatment program (ITP) to understand if treatment impacts the intestine. Compared with controls, veterans with PTSD had a proinflammatory intestinal environment including lower levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, such as acetic, lactic, and succinic acid, intestinal barrier dysfunction [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein], an increase in HMGB1, and a concurrent increase in the number of intestinal epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. The ITP improved PTSD symptoms but no changes in intestinal outcomes were noted. This study confirms the intestine is abnormal in subjects with PTSD and suggests that effective treatment of PTSD does not alter intestinal readouts. Targeting beneficial changes in the intestine may be an approach to enhance existing PTSD treatments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study confirms an abnormal intestinal environment is present in subjects with PTSD. This study adds to what is already known by examining the intestinal barrier and evaluating the relationship between intestinal readouts and PTSD symptoms and is the first to report the impact of PTSD treatment (which improves symptoms) on intestinal readouts. This study suggests that targeting the intestine as an adjunct approach could improve the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Voigt
- 1Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois,2Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois,3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyson K. Zalta
- 4Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California,5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- 1Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- 1Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
| | - J. Mark Brown
- 6Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,7Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,8Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,9Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- 1Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois,2Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois,3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Randy A. Boley
- 5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Philip Held
- 5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark H. Pollack
- 4Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- 1Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois,2Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois,3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois,10Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Salisbury-Afshar E, Smithenry D, Boley RA, Hill K, Karnik NS. Expanding Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Through Incentivized Continuing Education. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2022; 42:e102-e105. [PMID: 34459444 PMCID: PMC8876389 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has positive outcomes including reducing opioid-related morbidity and mortality. In March 2018, 58 of 102 counties in Illinois lacked access to medication for OUD. METHODS Rush University created a fellowship training program with financial incentives to help expand buprenorphine treatment in Illinois. Fellows first completed an online waiver course, then attended an in-person intensive training weekend, and finally participated in a 9-month webinar series. Demographic and prescribing data were collected from fellows, as well as a comparison group of providers outside the fellowship who only completed a waiver training. RESULTS At the fellowship's end, 31 of 37 fellows (84%) reported they were actively prescribing buprenorphine. Of the 23 fellows who were not prescribing at the fellowship's beginning, 17 (74%) initiated prescribing by the end. Among the 16 nonfellowship subjects who only completed a waiver training, just two (13%) reported they were prescribing buprenorphine at the study period's end. DISCUSSION Our study indicates that providers need more training beyond the waiver to initiate buprenorphine prescribing. When resources are available to address a health crisis such as OUD, this model offers an innovative mechanism for delivering continuing medical education that produces outcomes quickly.
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Afshar M, Sharma B, Bhalla S, Thompson HM, Dligach D, Boley RA, Kishen E, Simmons A, Perticone K, Karnik NS. External validation of an opioid misuse machine learning classifier in hospitalized adult patients. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021; 16:19. [PMID: 33731210 PMCID: PMC7967783 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-021-00229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid misuse screening in hospitals is resource-intensive and rarely done. Many hospitalized patients are never offered opioid treatment. An automated approach leveraging routinely captured electronic health record (EHR) data may be easier for hospitals to institute. We previously derived and internally validated an opioid classifier in a separate hospital setting. The aim is to externally validate our previously published and open-source machine-learning classifier at a different hospital for identifying cases of opioid misuse. METHODS An observational cohort of 56,227 adult hospitalizations was examined between October 2017 and December 2019 during a hospital-wide substance use screening program with manual screening. Manually completed Drug Abuse Screening Test served as the reference standard to validate a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier with coded word embedding features from the clinical notes of the EHR. The opioid classifier utilized all notes in the EHR and sensitivity analysis was also performed on the first 24 h of notes. Calibration was performed to account for the lower prevalence than in the original cohort. RESULTS Manual screening for substance misuse was completed in 67.8% (n = 56,227) with 1.1% (n = 628) identified with opioid misuse. The data for external validation included 2,482,900 notes with 67,969 unique clinical concept features. The opioid classifier had an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99) across the encounter and 0.98 (95% CI 0.98-0.99) using only the first 24 h of notes. In the calibrated classifier, the sensitivity and positive predictive value were 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.84) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.68-0.75). For the first 24 h, they were 0.75 (95% CI 0.71-0.78) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.57-0.64). CONCLUSIONS Our opioid misuse classifier had good discrimination during external validation. Our model may provide a comprehensive and automated approach to opioid misuse identification that augments current workflows and overcomes manual screening barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Afshar
- Division of Health Informatics and Data Science, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Brihat Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sameer Bhalla
- Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hale M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dmitriy Dligach
- Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ekta Kishen
- Clinical Research Analytics, Research Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan Simmons
- Clinical Research Analytics, Research Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Perticone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Niranjan S Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Held P, Zalta AK, Smith DL, Bagley JM, Steigerwald VL, Boley RA, Miller M, Brennan MB, Van Horn R, Pollack MH. Maintenance of treatment gains up to 12-months following a three-week cognitive processing therapy-based intensive PTSD treatment programme for veterans. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1789324. [PMID: 33029327 PMCID: PMC7473322 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1789324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive treatment programmes (ITPs) have shown promise for reducing PTSD and depression symptoms. It is still unknown whether treatment gains are maintained following completion. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether veterans were able to maintain treatment gains for up to 12 months after an ITP for PTSD and whether reductions in negative posttrauma cognitions predicted treatment gain maintenance. METHODS 209 veterans (62.7% male, mean age = 40.86 years) completed a 3-week, CPT-based ITP for PTSD. Participants' PTSD (PCL-5) and depression (PHQ-9) symptoms were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up timepoints. RESULTS Despite small symptom increases from post-treatment to 3-month follow-up, significant and clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms were reported from intake to 12 months follow-up (averaging >18 points on the PCL-5 and >6 points on the PHQ-9; d = 1.28, and d = 1.18, respectively). Greater reductions in negative posttrauma cognitions during treatment were associated with lower PTSD (p <.001) and depression (p =.005) severity at follow-up. Most veterans who completed the aftercare survey followed treatment recommendations and reported seeing a mental health provider at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-treatment. Aftercare treatment did not significantly predict whether veterans maintained treatment gains at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Overall maintenance of treatment gains long-term suggests veterans may be able to apply skills acquired during the ITP following treatment. These findings further support the feasibility and effectiveness of intensive, trauma-focused, evidence-based therapy delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alyson K. Zalta
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dale L. Smith
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Olivet Nazarene University, Bourbonnais, IL, USA
| | - Jenna M. Bagley
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Randy A. Boley
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael B. Brennan
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Van Horn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark H. Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zalta AK, Pinkerton LM, Valdespino-Hayden Z, Smith DL, Burgess HJ, Held P, Boley RA, Karnik NS, Pollack MH. Examining Insomnia During Intensive Treatment for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does it Improve and Does it Predict Treatment Outcomes? J Trauma Stress 2020; 33:521-527. [PMID: 32216141 PMCID: PMC7529651 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that sleep disturbances show little improvement with evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, sleep improvements are associated with PTSD treatment outcomes. The goal of the current study was to evaluate changes in self-reported insomnia symptoms and the association between insomnia symptoms and treatment outcome during a 3-week intensive treatment program (ITP) for veterans with PTSD that integrated cognitive processing therapy (CPT), mindfulness, yoga, and other ancillary services. As part of standard clinical procedures, veterans (N = 165) completed self-report assessments of insomnia symptoms at pre- and posttreatment as well as self-report assessments of PTSD and depression symptoms approximately every other day during treatment. Most veterans reported at least moderate difficulties with insomnia at both pretreatment (83.0%-95.1%) and posttreatment (69.1-71.3%). Statistically significant reductions in self-reported insomnia severity occurred from pretreatment to posttreatment; however, the effect size was small, d = 0.33. Longitudinal mixed-effects models showed a significant interactive effect of Changes in Insomnia × Time in predicting PTSD and depression symptoms, indicating that patients with more improvements in insomnia had more positive treatment outcomes. These findings suggest that many veterans continued to struggle with sleep disruption after a 3-week ITP, and successful efforts to improve sleep could lead to better PTSD treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to establish how adjunctive sleep interventions can be used to maximize both sleep and PTSD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K. Zalta
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linzy M. Pinkerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Dale L. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Psychology, Olivet Nazarene University, Bourbonnais, Illinois, USA
| | - Helen J. Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Randy A. Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Niranjan S. Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark H. Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Held P, Klassen BJ, Boley RA, Wiltsey Stirman S, Smith DL, Brennan MB, Van Horn R, Pollack MH, Karnik NS, Zalta AK. Feasibility of a 3-week intensive treatment program for service members and veterans with PTSD. Psychol Trauma 2020; 12:422-430. [PMID: 31318250 PMCID: PMC6980160 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to detail the patient flow and establish the feasibility of a brief 3-week intensive treatment program (ITP) for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD The present study examined data from 648 veterans referred to a non-Veterans Affairs ITP for PTSD from January 2016 to February 2018 to determine the flow of patients into and through the ITP and evaluate individuals' satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS On average, 25.9 individuals contacted the ITP each month expressing interest in the program. A large proportion of individuals who completed an intake evaluation were accepted (72.2%) into the ITP. Of those accepted, 70.6% ultimately attended the ITP, and the vast majority of veterans who attended the ITP completed treatment (91.6%). Logistic regression results suggested that among veterans who were accepted to the program, those who were legally separated or divorced had significantly greater odds of attending the program compared to single veterans. Veterans were highly satisfied with the 3-week ITP and rated cognitive processing therapy components as the most helpful part of the program. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that ITP formats for PTSD are of interest and acceptable to veterans, and this format allows individuals to receive high doses of evidence-based treatments in a short amount of time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alyson K. Zalta
- Rush University Medical Center
- University of California - Irvine
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10
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Held P, Boley RA, Faig WG, O'Toole JA, Desai I, Zalta AK, Khan J, Sims S, Brennan MB, Van Horn R, Glover AC, Hota BN, Patty BD, Rab SS, Pollack MH, Karnik NS. The Postencounter Form System: Viewpoint on Efficient Data Collection Within Electronic Health Records. JMIR Form Res 2020; 4:e17429. [PMID: 32250276 PMCID: PMC7171586 DOI: 10.2196/17429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic health records (EHRs) offer opportunities for research and improvements in patient care. However, challenges exist in using data from EHRs due to the volume of information existing within clinical notes, which can be labor intensive and costly to transform into usable data with existing strategies. This case report details the collaborative development and implementation of the postencounter form (PEF) system into the EHR at the Road Home Program at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, IL to address these concerns with limited burden to clinical workflows. The PEF system proved to be an effective tool with over 98% of all clinical encounters including a completed PEF within 5 months of implementation. In addition, the system has generated over 325,188 unique, readily-accessible data points in under 4 years of use. The PEF system has since been deployed to other settings demonstrating that the system may have broader clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Walter G Faig
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John A O'Toole
- Department of Information Services, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Imran Desai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jawad Khan
- Department of Information Services, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Michael B Brennan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rebecca Van Horn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Angela C Glover
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bala N Hota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian D Patty
- Department of Information Services, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - S Shafiq Rab
- Department of Information Services, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Niranjan S Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Zalta AK, Held P, Smith DL, Klassen BJ, Lofgreen AM, Normand PS, Brennan MB, Rydberg TS, Boley RA, Pollack MH, Karnik NS. Evaluating patterns and predictors of symptom change during a three-week intensive outpatient treatment for veterans with PTSD. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:242. [PMID: 30053860 PMCID: PMC6063006 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive delivery of evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is becoming increasingly popular for overcoming barriers to treatment for veterans. Understanding how and for whom these intensive treatments work is critical for optimizing their dissemination. The goals of the current study were to evaluate patterns of PTSD and depression symptom change over the course of a 3-week cohort-based intensive outpatient program (IOP) for veterans with PTSD, examine changes in posttraumatic cognitions as a predictor of treatment response, and determine whether patterns of treatment outcome or predictors of treatment outcome differed by sex and cohort type (combat versus military sexual trauma [MST]). METHOD One-hundred ninety-one veterans (19 cohorts: 12 combat-PTSD cohorts, 7 MST-PTSD cohorts) completed a 3-week intensive outpatient program for PTSD comprised of daily group and individual Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), mindfulness, yoga, and psychoeducation. Measures of PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and posttraumatic cognitions were collected before the intervention, after the intervention, and approximately every other day during the intervention. RESULTS Pre-post analyses for completers (N = 176; 92.1% of sample) revealed large reductions in PTSD (d = 1.12 for past month symptoms and d = 1.40 for past week symptoms) and depression symptoms (d = 1.04 for past 2 weeks). Combat cohorts saw a greater reduction in PTSD symptoms over time relative to MST cohorts. Reduction in posttraumatic cognitions over time significantly predicted decreases in PTSD and depression symptom scores, which remained robust to adjustment for autocorrelation. CONCLUSION Intensive treatment programs are a promising approach for delivering evidence-based interventions to produce rapid treatment response and high rates of retention. Reductions in posttraumatic cognitions appear to be an important predictor of response to intensive treatment. Further research is needed to explore differences in intensive treatment response for veterans with combat exposure versus MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K. Zalta
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Philip Held
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Dale L. Smith
- Olivet Nazarene University, Bourbonnais, IL 60914 USA
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12
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Adkins EC, Zalta AK, Boley RA, Glover A, Karnik NS, Schueller SM. Exploring the potential of technology-based mental health services for homeless youth: A qualitative study. Psychol Serv 2018; 14:238-245. [PMID: 28481610 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Homelessness has serious consequences for youth that heighten the need for mental health services; however, these individuals face significant barriers to access. New models of intervention delivery are required to improve the dissemination of mental health interventions that tailor these services to the unique challenges faced by homeless youth. The purpose of this study was to better understand homeless youths' use of technology, mental health experiences and needs, and willingness to engage with technology-supported mental health interventions to help guide the development of future youth-facing technology-supported interventions. Five focus groups were conducted with 24 homeless youth (62.5% female) in an urban shelter. Youth were 18- to 20-years-old with current periods of homelessness ranging from 6 days to 4 years. Transcripts of these focus groups were coded to identify themes. Homeless youth reported using mobile phones frequently for communication, music, and social media. They indicated a lack of trust and a history of poor relationships with mental health providers despite recognizing the need for general support as well as help for specific mental health problems. Although initial feelings toward technology that share information with a provider were mixed, they reported an acceptance of tracking and sharing information under certain circumstances. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for the development of mental health interventions for this population focusing on technology-based treatment options. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Adkins
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Angela Glover
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center
| | | | - Stephen M Schueller
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
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Held P, Boley RA, Karnik NS, Pollack MH, Zalta AK. Characteristics of veterans and military service members who endorse causing harm, injury, or death to others in the military. Psychol Trauma 2017; 10:352-359. [PMID: 28758768 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present research was to examine the demographic and mental health characteristics of veterans and service members who endorsed having caused harm, injury, or death to another person on deployment, while taking these individuals' total number of other lifetime traumas into account. METHOD Data for the present study were collected as part of the standard clinical evaluation for 228 treatment-seeking veterans and service members. RESULTS Those who reported having caused harm, injury, or death to another person on deployment (22.4%) were more likely to be male, to have served in the Marines, to have served post 9/11, and to endorse other traumas commonly reported on deployment than those who did not endorse causing harm, injury, or death. Those who endorsed causing harm on deployment were less likely to have served in the Air Force, and to have experienced sexual assault than those who did not cause harm. Causing harm, injury, or death was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), drug use, and expressive anger at the bivariate level, but was no longer associated with mental health problems after accounting for the number of other lifetime traumas. CONCLUSIONS Examining the role of causing harm in isolation may lead to false conclusions. Clinicians and researchers should assess for veterans' and service members' entire trauma histories. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center
| | | | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center
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Zalta AK, Tirone V, Siedjak J, Boley RA, Vechiu C, Pollack MH, Hobfoll SE. A Pilot Study of Tailored Cognitive-Behavioral Resilience Training for Trauma Survivors With Subthreshold Distress. J Trauma Stress 2016; 29:268-72. [PMID: 27121865 PMCID: PMC4899200 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of tailored cognitive-behavioral resilience training (TCBRT) for trauma-exposed individuals with a variety of subsyndromal psychological symptoms. TCBRT is a brief, flexible intervention that allows individuals to select the areas they wish to target using common cognitive-behavioral change principles. There were 14 individuals (78.6% female) who were recruited from a major medical center and enrolled in the 5-session intervention. There were 12 (85.7%) who completed all TCBRT sessions, and 2 (14.3%) who dropped out after 3 sessions. All participants reported that they received benefit from, were engaged in, and were satisfied with the intervention. Of the 12 with postintervention data, 5 of the participants demonstrated reliable increases in resilience and 6 demonstrated reliable decreases in anxiety. These improvements appeared to be maintained at 2-month follow-up; of the 11 participants with follow-up data, 5 demonstrated reliable increases in resilience and 6 demonstrated reliable decreases in anxiety. Our findings suggested that TCRBT was acceptable to trauma-exposed individuals with varying types of subthreshold distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K. Zalta
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vanessa Tirone
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer Siedjak
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Randy A. Boley
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catalina Vechiu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark H. Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stevan E. Hobfoll
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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