1
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Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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2
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Adhikaree J, Shrestha R, Bomjan P, Shrestha A, Pokharel S, Acharya R, Siwakoti A, Pokhrel R, Marzo RR, Rajbhandari PMS, Acharya S. Effect of menstrual status on lipid profile: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Post Reprod Health 2023; 29:195-200. [PMID: 37907067 DOI: 10.1177/20533691231213301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: The ovarian follicular cell's degradation and subsequent decrease in the synthesis of estrogen results in the decreased cardiovascular protection. As a result, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases in postmenopausal women and is characterized by change in lipid profile. This study sought to ascertain the extent of the impact that menstrual status might have on lipid profiles among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 260 premenopausal and postmenopausal women (1: 1) and serum lipid component concentrations (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC)) were measured. A comparison between two groups was made between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and regression was carried out to estimate the effect of menstrual status on lipid components. Results: Compared with premenopausal women, the concentrations of the lipid components (HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and TC) were found to be significantly higher in postmenopausal women. Using the linear regression, menstruation status was able to predict 11.7%-13.3% of the lipid components (TG and TC) when age and weight were adjusted. Conclusion: The difference in lipid components between premenopausal women and postmenopausal women exists, with menstrual status explaining 11.7%-13.3% variance for the observed lipid level. The factors influencing the lipid profile beside the menstrual status should also be explored. External intervention such as estrogen replacement therapy is also recommended in case of deviation of lipid profile from the suggested normal clinical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Adhikaree
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ruyusha Shrestha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prabina Bomjan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ashmita Shrestha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shreya Pokharel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rashila Acharya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anusha Siwakoti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ritesh Pokhrel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Swosti Acharya
- Department of Nursing, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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4
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Hoke JC, Ippoliti M, Rosenberg E, Abanin D, Acharya R, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Mi X, Khemani V, Roushan P. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor. Nature 2023; 622:481-486. [PMID: 37853150 PMCID: PMC10584681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement has a special role in quantum theory1: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation2 and thereby alter the 'arrow of time' that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time3-10 that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium11-13. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors14, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping9,15-17 to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling3,4 to measurement-induced teleportation18. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
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5
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Andersen TI, Lensky YD, Kechedzhi K, Drozdov IK, Bengtsson A, Hong S, Morvan A, Mi X, Opremcak A, Acharya R, Allen R, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hilton J, Hoffmann MR, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Lucero E, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McCourt T, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Kim EA, Aleiner I, Roushan P. Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor. Nature 2023; 618:264-269. [PMID: 37169834 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics1. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date-including fermions, bosons and Abelian anyons-this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged2,3. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions4-8. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well-developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals9-22, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. Whereas efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasiparticles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction by means of unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons9,10, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol23 to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of using the anyons for quantum computation and use braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and, through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection, could open a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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6
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Winn ZJ, Acharya R, Merrill K, Lyerly J, Brown-Guedira G, Cambron S, Harrison SH, Reisig D, Murphy JP. Correction to: Mapping of a novel major effect Hessian fly field partial-resistance locus in southern soft red winter wheat line LA03136E71. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 136:73. [PMID: 36952052 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z J Winn
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - R Acharya
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - K Merrill
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - J Lyerly
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G Brown-Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Eastern Regional Small Grains Genotyping Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S Cambron
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - S H Harrison
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - D Reisig
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - J P Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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7
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Shukla A, Kumar A, Mozumdar A, Acharya R, Aruldas K, Saggurti N. Restrictions on contraceptive services for unmarried youth: a qualitative study of providers’ beliefs and attitudes in India. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2022; 30:2141965. [DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2022.2141965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Shukla
- Researcher, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Kumar
- Senior Program Officer, Population Council, Delhi, India
| | - A Mozumdar
- Senior Program Officer, Population Council, Delhi, India
| | - R Acharya
- Senior Associate, Population Council, Delhi, India
| | - K Aruldas
- Implementation Science Coordinator, DeWorm3 Study, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - N Saggurti
- Director, Population Council, Delhi, India
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8
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Morvan A, Andersen TI, Mi X, Neill C, Petukhov A, Kechedzhi K, Abanin DA, Michailidis A, Acharya R, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores Burgos L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Grajales Dau A, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone F, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Olenewa R, Opremcak A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Strain D, Sterling G, Su Y, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Xing C, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Aleiner I, Ioffe LB, Roushan P. Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons. Nature 2022; 612:240-245. [PMID: 36477133 PMCID: PMC9729104 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles1. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states2-9. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Centre for Quantum Software and Information, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Y Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - F Malone
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Olenewa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
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9
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Mi X, Sonner M, Niu MY, Lee KW, Foxen B, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Debroy DM, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Harrigan MP, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Lee J, Laws L, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Newman M, O’Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shvarts V, Strain D, Su Y, Szalay M, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Chen Y, Kelly J, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA, Roushan P. Noise-resilient edge modes on a chain of superconducting qubits. Science 2022; 378:785-790. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherent symmetry of a quantum system may protect its otherwise fragile states. Leveraging such protection requires testing its robustness against uncontrolled environmental interactions. Using 47 superconducting qubits, we implement the one-dimensional kicked Ising model, which exhibits nonlocal Majorana edge modes (MEMs) with
ℤ
2
parity symmetry. We find that any multiqubit Pauli operator overlapping with the MEMs exhibits a uniform late-time decay rate comparable to single-qubit relaxation rates, irrespective of its size or composition. This characteristic allows us to accurately reconstruct the exponentially localized spatial profiles of the MEMs. Furthermore, the MEMs are found to be resilient against certain symmetry-breaking noise owing to a prethermalization mechanism. Our work elucidates the complex interplay between noise and symmetry-protected edge modes in a solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Sonner
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Y. Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. W. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - F. Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J. C. Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J. Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P. Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L. Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R. Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Flores
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - W. Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A. G. Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T. Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S. Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Y. Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A. N. Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P. Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K.-M. Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W. Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M. McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y. Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G. Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T. White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z. Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P. Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N. Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H. Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. A. Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Acharya R, Singh B, Nepal J, Thapa P, Pandey C, Pandey J, Shrestha S, Khan A, Pun KD. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cesarean Section in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:477-482. [PMID: 37795728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The Cesarean Section (CS) is a major obstetric life-saving procedure used to avoid pregnancy and childbirth complications. Cesarean sections are becoming more popular across the world, as well as in Nepal. Objective To assess the prevalence of cesarean section and its associated factors among women in Dhulikhel, Nepal. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted where 1246 pregnant women of age 15-45 years, admitted and delivered in hospital, were selected through purposive sampling technique and interviewed using structured questionnaires in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal. Result The prevalence of cesarean section among women was 39.7% where the most common indication was previous cesarean section with scar tenderness, 27.9%. Half of the participants, i.e. 50.6%, were primigravida. Majority of women, 97.5% had done their antenatal checkup and among them 74.8% had their checkup in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. Most of them, i.e.76.2% had emergency cesarean section and 69.5% had primary cesarean section. Women of the age group 30-45 years (AOR=2.23) and women with higher secondary education level (AOR=2.03) were two times more likely to perform cesarean section. Women involved in service (AOR=1.37) and business (AOR=1.23) had greater odds of performing cesarean section than homemakers. Women giving birth to infants weighing 3.51- 5.00 kg were more likely to perform cesarean section (AOR=1.33). Conclusion The prevalence of cesarean section is noticeably high where the educated, employed and higher aged women are more inclined to cesarean section. More obstetric factors could be explored to determine the rise in cesarean section in Nepal which can help in decision making for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acharya
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Singh
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - J Nepal
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - P Thapa
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - C Pandey
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - J Pandey
- Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital, Prabas, Palpa
| | - S Shrestha
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A Khan
- Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - K D Pun
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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11
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Duma N, Acharya R, Wei Z, Seaborne L, Heisler C, Fidler M, Elkins I, Feldman J, Moore A, King J, Kushner D. MA14.04 Sexual Health Assessment in Women with Lung Cancer (SHAWL) Study. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Mack P, Gomez J, Rodilla A, Carreño J, Hsu CY, Rolfo C, Meshulami N, Moore A, Brody R, King J, Treatman J, Lee S, Raskin A, Srivastava K, Gleason C, Tcheou J, Bielak D, Acharya R, Gerber D, Rohs N, Henschke C, Yankelevitz D, Simon V, Minna J, Bunn P, García- Sastre A, Krammer F, Shyr Y, Hirsch F. OA06.03 Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients Lung Cancer: A Mount Sinai-Led Prospective Matched Controlled Study. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9452018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Sharma V, Sarkar A, Acharya R, Bagla HK, Pujari P. Utilization of accelerator and reactor based nuclear analytical techniques for chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples and potential of statistical analyses using trace elements towards glass forensics. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 334:111262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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14
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Sharma V, Acharya R, Bagla HK, Pujari PK. Development and optimization of a simple internal beam current monitoring approach using 29Si(p,p′γ)29Si reaction in particle induced gamma-ray emission for compositional characterization of glass samples and application to automobile windshield glasses. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Samanta SK, Das P, Sengupta A, Acharya R. Optimization of external (in air) particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) methodology for rapid, non-destructive, and simultaneous quantification of fluorine, sodium, and phosphorus in nuclear waste immobilization matrices. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32684-32692. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
External (in air) PIGE methodology has been optimized for rapid quantification of fluorine, sodium, and phosphorus in fluorapatite waste immobilization matrices for Molten Salt Reactor (MSR).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Samanta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
- HomiBhabha National Institute, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - P. Das
- Product Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
- HomiBhabha National Institute, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - A. Sengupta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
- HomiBhabha National Institute, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - R. Acharya
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
- HomiBhabha National Institute, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai-400094, India
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16
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Paudel B, Acharya R, Kc N, Kc S. Efficacy of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic Cream and Vibrator Device in Pain Reduction during Peripheral Venous Cannulation in a Tertiary Care Center of Central Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:19-23. [PMID: 36273285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Venous cannulation is a commonly performed procedure which often leads to patient anxiety. Application of a vibrator device and or prior use of topical anesthetics are proven methods to decrease associated pain. Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of prior use of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic (EMLA) cream and vibrator device in pain reduction during peripheral venous cannulation. Method A true experimental study was conducted in November 2019 among 78 patients aged 20-60 years receiving peripheral cannulation at operation theatre. They were included using consecutive sampling and sorted to interventional and noninterventional group using simple random sampling lottery method. Participants in the non-interventional group received peripheral cannulation using routine technique whereas participants in the interventional group received topical Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic cream or vibrator device prior to cannulation. Perceived post cannulation pain intensity was measured using numerical pain rating scale. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for data comparison. Result The mean age of the participants was 40.57 ± 12.5 years. The median pain score of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic cream, vibrator and no intervention was 3, 3 and 6 respectively. The reduction in median pain intensity was significantly greater with topical anesthetic cream and vibrator device when compared to the noninterventional group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Prior interventions with Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic or vibrator device are useful in reducing pain intensity during peripheral venous cannulation. Routine use of these in day to day practice could be a part of standard nursing care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Paudel
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R Acharya
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - N Kc
- Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Mornag, Nepal
| | - S Kc
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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17
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Acharya R, Panthee A, Basnet R, Adhikari S, Ghimire N. Preterm Birth, Exasperation to the South Asian Countries. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:102-106. [PMID: 36273301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
When a child is born before 37 weeks or 259 days of pregnancy, it is termed as preterm birth. Pre-term birth is prevalent in both developed and developing country. However, difference lies in their survival. In lower and middle income countries, most preterm babies die due to lack of even simple interventions. India ranks top in the world for deaths due to complications of preterm birth. Similarly, other South Asian countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal rank 3rd, 6th, 9th and 20th in the same. The aim of this review paper is to provide a landscape analysis on the burden of pre-term birth and challenges in the context of South Asian region. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from 2000 to 2020 and 27 articles are included in the study. It was found that pre-term birth causes huge burden in the form of morbidity, mortality as well as socio economic losses. Preterm birth was associated with increased sepsis, cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, hypothermia, neurological and gastrointestinal complications. South Asian countries have distinct challenges in eliminating or reducing preterm births which are: poor quality health surveillance data, inadequate trained health workforce, insufficient finance and funding, service delivery and other methodological challenges. Ending pre-term birth is important as it is directly related to Sustainable Development Goal 3. Therefore, there should be increase in priority given to increase financing, quality data gathering, adopting innovative measures as well as joint efforts of all the sectors to control the pre-term birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acharya
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Panthee
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Basnet
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Adhikari
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N Ghimire
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
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18
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Winn ZJ, Acharya R, Merrill K, Lyerly J, Brown-Guedira G, Cambron S, Harrison SH, Reisig D, Murphy JP. Mapping of a novel major effect Hessian fly field partial-resistance locus in southern soft red winter wheat line LA03136E71. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3911-3923. [PMID: 34374831 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hessian fly resistance has centralized around resistance loci that are biotype specific. We show that field resistance is evident and controlled by a single locus on chromosome 7D. Hessian flies (Mayetiola destructor Say) infest and feed upon wheat (Triticum aestivum L) resulting in significant yield loss. Genetically resistant cultivars are the most effective method of Hessian fly management. Wheat breeders in the southern USA have observed cultivars exhibiting a "field resistance" to Hessian fly that is not detectable by greenhouse assay. The resistant breeding line "LA03136E71" and susceptible cultivar "Shirley" were crossed to develop a population of 200 random F4:5 lines using single seed descent. The population was evaluated in a total of five locations in North Carolina during the 2019, 2020, and 2021 seasons. A subsample of each plot was evaluated for the total number of tillers, number of infested tillers, and total number of larvae/pupae. From these data, the percent infested tillers, number of larvae/pupae per tiller, and the number of larvae/pupae per infested tiller were estimated. In all within and across environment combinations for all traits recorded, the genotype effect was significant (p < 0.05). Interval mapping identified a single large effect QTL distally on the short arm of chromosome 7D for all environment-trait combinations. This locus was identified on a chromosome where no other Hessian fly resistance/tolerance QTL has been previously identified. This novel Hessian fly partial-resistance QTL is termed QHft.nc-7D. Fine mapping must be conducted in this region to narrow down the causal agents responsible for this trait, and investigation into the mode of action is highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Winn
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - R Acharya
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - K Merrill
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - J Lyerly
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G Brown-Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Eastern Regional Small Grains Genotyping Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S Cambron
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - S H Harrison
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - D Reisig
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - J P Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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19
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Acharya R, Kopczynska M, Goodmaker C, Mukherjee A, Doran H. Vitamin D repletion in primary hyperparathyroid patients undergoing parathyroidectomy leads to reduced symptomatic hypocalcaemia and reduced length of stay: a retrospective cohort study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:41-47. [PMID: 34727512 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency co-exists with and can confuse the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Vitamin D replete (VDR) status may prevent significant postparathyroidectomy hypocalcaemia; however, reports from previous studies are conflicting. This study aimed to assess differences in early and/or late postoperative hypocalcaemia and length of stay (LOS) postparathyroidectomy between VDR and vitamin D non-replete (VDNR) PHPT patients. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained single surgeon operative database. All records of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy over a four-year period (July 2014 to December 2018) were extracted. Data were collected on vitamin D and corrected calcium levels pre- and postoperatively as well as postoperative complications and LOS. RESULTS On presentation, there were 91 (47.9%) VDR and 99 (52.1%) VDNR patients. Following vitamin D therapy there were 148 (77.9%) VDR and 42 (22.1%) VDNR. The multivariate analysis showed that vitamin D status was the only significant factor impacting on the hypocalcaemia symptoms (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8-13.7, p = 0.002) and the most significant factor for the calcium supplementation (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.1-19.4, p = 0.001). Bilateral neck exploration was associated with increased likelihood of transient hypocalcaemia (p = 0.007) but no other post-op complication. Median LOS was significantly shorter for VDR (1 day) versus VDNR (1.5 days) patients (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a statistically significant increased likelihood of postoperative hypocalcaemia symptoms, requirement for calcium supplements and increased LOS in VDNR patients. This study suggests optimising preoperative vitamin D status improves patient experience and could reduce healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acharya
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | - H Doran
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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20
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Karn RR, Acharya R, Rajbanshi AK, Singh SK, Thakur SK, Shah SK, Singh AK, Shah R, Upadhya Kafle S, Bhattachan M, Abrahamyan A, Shewade HD, Zachariah R. Antibiotic resistance in patients with chronic ear discharge awaiting surgery in Nepal. Public Health Action 2021; 11:1-5. [PMID: 34778008 PMCID: PMC8575382 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, which offers ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). OBJECTIVE In patients with CSOM awaiting surgery, to determine the 1) sociodemographic characteristics 2) bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance patterns and 3) characteristics of those refused surgery, including antibiotic resistance. DESIGN A cohort study using hospital data, January 2018-January 2020. RESULTS Of 117 patients with CSOM and awaiting surgery, 64% were in the 18-35 years age group, and 79% were cross-border from India. Of 118 bacterial isolates, 80% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16% had Staphylococcus aureus. All isolates showed multidrug resistance to nine of the 12 antibiotics tested. The lowest antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa was for vancomycin (29%) and moxifloxacin (36%), and for S. aureus, this was vancomycin (9%) and amikacin (17%). Fourteen (12%) patients underwent surgery: myringoplasty (n = 7, 50%), cortical mastoidectomy with tympanostomy (n = 4, 29%) and modified radical mastoidectomy (n = 3, 21%). Those infected with P. aeruginosa and with resistance to over six antibiotics were significantly more likely to be refused for surgery. CONCLUSION Patients awaiting ear surgery were predominantly infected with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and were consequently refused surgery. This study can help inform efforts for improving surgical uptake and introducing cross-border antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Karn
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Acharya
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A K Rajbanshi
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Singh
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Thakur
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Shah
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Shah
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S Upadhya Kafle
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - M Bhattachan
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Abrahamyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H D Shewade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
- The Union, South East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - R Zachariah
- United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Acharya R, Ciupek A, King J, Fine L, Goff M. MA05.02 Impact of Covid-19 on Lung Cancer Care and Utilization of Patient Support Resources. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8523130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Dhunputh P, Acharya R, Umakanth S, Shetty SM, Mohammed AP, Saraswat PP. Clinical profile of Thrombocytopenia in Acute Febrile Illnesses; a hospital-based study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:248-252. [PMID: 34819445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Thrombocytopenia is a common haematological abnormality noted in clinical practice, however, it can be missed in cases where specific investigations are not asked for. Acute Febrile Illness with thrombocytopenia is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as thrombocytopenia has an inverse relation to mortality and morbidity in various febrile illnesses. Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases (like malaria, dengue, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis), infections and sepsis are some of the common causes of fever with thrombocytopenia. Objective To identify the causes of fever with thrombocytopenia, assess the clinical complications associated with febrile thrombocytopenia, and overall study the clinical profile of thrombocytopenia in a tertiary care hospital Method Medical records of all adult patients, admitted to a tertiary level hospital, with fever and thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 1,00,000 /mm3 ) were assessed (from October 2009 to March 2011). Detailed case history, general physical examination findings, routine and specific examinations were recorded according to a pre-decided format. Data were analysed using SPSS 16.0 Result Acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia was most commonly seen in Dengue patients. Headache and arthralgia were more commonly encountered in scrub typhus. Platelet transfusions were necessitated in a large number of patients, especially in scrub typhus. Malaria patients had the highest mortality rate. Conclusion Acute Febrile Illnesses (AFI) are of varied origins, and proper diagnosis is imperative. The degree of thrombocytopenia in infections has a prognostic value. It can also help in differential diagnosis and clear identification of aetiology of acute febrile illnesses. Timely identification and management of thrombocytopenia in acute febrile illness can positively impact the overall patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dhunputh
- Department of Medicine, Dr TMA Pai Hospital (Udupi), Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - R Acharya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Hospital and Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Umakanth
- Department of Medicine, Dr TMA Pai Hospital (Udupi), Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S M Shetty
- Department of Medicine, Dr TMA Pai Hospital (Udupi), Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - A P Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Dr TMA Pai Hospital (Udupi), Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - P P Saraswat
- Department of Medicine, Dr TMA Pai Hospital (Udupi), Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Banerjee D, Dey CC, Kumar R, Sewak R, Jha SN, Bhattacharyya D, Acharya R, Pujari PK. Probing the solute-drag effect and its role in stabilizing the orthorhombic phase in bulk La-doped HfO 2 by X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16258-16267. [PMID: 34309608 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent observation of ferroelectricity in ultra thin films of hafnium oxide (HfO2) has been attributed to the orthorhombic (o) phase of HfO2 with space group Pca21. Although this oxide is polymorphic in nature, this polar o-phase is known to be stabilized in the doped thin film oxide. The objective of the present experiment is to stabilize the o-phases in La doped bulk polycrystalline HfO2 and investigate their evolution with the doping concentration through Time Differential Perturbed Angular Correlation (TDPAC), X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurements. The present work reports the presence of both the polar Pca21 phase and the antipolar Pbca phase at different La-concentrations. Two o-phases of HfO2 with space groups Pca21 and Pbca, difficult to distinguish by other complimentary methods, could be unambiguously identified by utilizing the atomic scale sensitivity of the electric field gradient (EFG) embedded in TDPAC spectroscopy. The determination of the oxidation state and the local environment of La-atoms by XANES and EXAFS measurements illuminates the microscopic role of the dopant in stabilizing the o-phase. The "solute drag model" proposes a critical crystallite size for the nucleation of the o-phase in bulk HfO2 and explains the role of the La-dopant in stabilizing the o-phase. Thus the present study shows the possibility of stabilizing the polar o-phase and hence attaining ferroelectricity in bulk HfO2 to augment the scope of future application for this ferroelectric device.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Banerjee
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, RCD (BARC), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
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Srivastava A, Chahar V, Sharma V, Acharya R, Ajith N, Swain KK, Knolle F, Maekawa M, Schnug E, Srivastava T. Quantification of multielements for mobilization study in water and sediments of Satluj River and Harike Wetland using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Samanta SK, Raja SW, Sharma V, Girkar PS, Acharya R, Pujari PK. Development of an external (in air) in situ current normalized particle induced gamma-ray emission method utilizing 3.5 MeV proton beam from FOTIA for rapid quantification of low Z elements in glass and ceramic samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kayastha R, Acharya R, Pradhan S, Tuladhar AS, Shrestha A. Adrenal Ganglioneuroma. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2020; 18:316-319. [PMID: 34158444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal ganglioneuromas are rare sympathetic differentiated tumors which originate from neural crest cells. These lesions are usually discovered incidentally on imaging and tend to be hormonally silent. Preoperative diagnosis of adrenal ganglioneuroma remains extremely challenging and the gold standard treatment is adrenalectomy. There is good prognosis after surgery without recurrence. We herein report a case of adrenal ganglioneuroma in a 15 year old female who presented with complaint of abdominal discomfort. Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography abdomen showed a large septated hypodense right suprarenal mass which was echogenic on Ultrasonography. It showed T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense signal on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of abdomen and pelvis. Excisional biopsy and histological examination of the mass was suggestive of adrenal ganglioneuroma. This report presents the clinical and radiological data for the rare tumor which would share some experience to facililate the diagnosis of adrenal ganglioneuroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kayastha
- Department of Radiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Acharya
- Department of Radiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Pradhan
- Department of Radiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A S Tuladhar
- Department of Radiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Shrestha
- Department of Radiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Dey Chaudhuri S, Banerjee D, Bhattacharjee T, Wasim Raja S, Acharya R, Pujari PK. Performance study of LaBr3:Ce detectors coupled to R2083 PM tube for energy and timing characteristics. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Raja SW, Samanta SK, Sharma V, Acharya R, Pujari PK. Application of PGNAA utilizing thermal neutron beam for quantification of boron concentrations in ceramic and refractory neutron absorbers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Raja SW, Acharya R, Pujari PK. Application of PIGE method for quantification of total boron in neutron absorbers and shielding materials and isotopic composition in in-house prepared enriched boron carbide samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ciupek A, Acharya R, Moore A, Shaw S, Hicks D, Leduc D, King J. P2.16-23 Rates of Support and Care Offerings Among Patients in an Advocacy Organization Sponsored Lung Cancer Patient Registry. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Acharya R, Pujari PK. Development and applications of in situ current normalized PIGE method using proton beams for quantification of low Z elements. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mohania D, Kumar P, Goyal D, Acharya R, Kalra S, Jain S, Bhalla S, Misra S, Kumar A. Association between altered expression of key enzymes involved in kynurenine pathway with clinical outcome in patients with different grades of astrocytoma. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy429.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Moreau C, Li M, De Meyer S, Vu Manh L, Guiella G, Acharya R, Bello B, Maina B, Mmari K. Measuring gender norms about relationships in early adolescence: Results from the global early adolescent study. SSM Popul Health 2018; 7:014-14. [PMID: 30581959 PMCID: PMC6293033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gender norms are increasingly recognized as drivers of health and wellbeing. While early adolescence constitutes a critical window of development, there is limited understanding about how adolescents perceive gender relations across different cultural settings. This study used a mixed-method approach, grounded in the voices of young people around the world, to construct and test a cross-cultural scale assessing the perceptions of gender norms regulating romantic relationships between boys and girls in early adolescence. Methods The study draws on the Global Early Adolescent study (GEAS), a study focusing on gender norms and health related outcomes over the course of adolescence in urban poor settings worldwide. In-depth interviews were first conducted among approximately 200 adolescents between 10–14 years in seven sites across 4 continents to identify common scripts guiding romantic relations in early adolescence. These scripts were then transformed into a multidimensional scale. The scale was tested among 120 adolescents in each of 14 GEAS sites, followed by a second pilot among 75 adolescents in six sites. We evaluated the psychometric criteria of each sub-scale using principal component analysis, and parallel analysis, followed by exploratory factor analysis to guide the selection of a more parsimonious set of items. Results Results suggested a two-factor structure, consisting of an “adolescent romantic expectations” subscale and a “Sexual Double Standard” subscale. Both subscales yielded high internal validity in each site, with polychoric Cronbach alpha values above 0.70 with the exception of Kinshasa for the adolescent romantic expectations scale (0.64) and Hanoi for the sexual double standard scale (0.61). Conclusion This study reveals common perceptions of gendered norms about romantic engagement in early adolescence, normative for both sexes, but socially valued for boys while devaluated for girls. The findings illustrate that social hierarchies of power in romantic relationships form early in adolescence, regardless of cultural setting. Gender norms about romantic relationships prevail across diverse cultures. New cross-cultural scales measure early adolescents’ perceptions of gender norms; Adolescent romantic relations are viewed as normative but damaging for girls; Even before sexual activity, adolescents understand societal expectations about relationships; Social hierarchies of power in relationships form in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Moreau
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Inserm, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence to: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - M. Li
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S. De Meyer
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Uro-Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Loi Vu Manh
- Institute of Sociology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam
| | - G. Guiella
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - B. Bello
- Academy for Health Development (AHEAD), Ajanaku Estate, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - B. Maina
- Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K. Mmari
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Halankar KK, Mandal BP, Jangid MK, Mukhopadhyay A, Meena SS, Acharya R, Tyagi AK. Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO4 for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1140-1147. [PMID: 35538980 PMCID: PMC9076985 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon coated LixFePO4 samples with systematically varying Li-content (x = 1, 1.02, 1.05, 1.10) have been synthesized via a sol–gel route. The Li : Fe ratios for the as-synthesized samples is found to vary from ∼0.96 : 1 to 1.16 : 1 as determined by the proton induced gamma emission (PIGE) technique (for Li) and ICP-OES (for Fe). According to Mössbauer spectroscopy, sample Li1.05FePO4 has the highest content (i.e., ∼91.5%) of the actual electroactive phase (viz., crystalline LiFePO4), followed by samples Li1.02FePO4, Li1.1FePO4 and LiFePO4; with the remaining content being primarily Fe-containing impurities, including a conducting FeP phase in samples Li1.02FePO4 and Li1.05FePO4. Electrodes based on sample Li1.05FePO4 show the best electrochemical performance in all aspects, retaining ∼150 mA h g−1 after 100 charge/discharge cycles at C/2, followed by sample Li1.02FePO4 (∼140 mA h g−1), LiFePO4 (∼120 mA h g−1) and Li1.10FePO4 (∼115 mA h g−1). Furthermore, the electrodes based on sample Li1.05FePO4 retain ∼107 mA h g−1 even at a high current density of 5C. Impedance spectra indicate that electrodes based on sample Li1.05FePO4 possess the least charge transfer resistance, plausibly having influence from the compositional aspects. This low charge transfer resistance is partially responsible for the superior electrochemical behavior of that specific composition. Extensive information regarding the Li : Fe stoichiometry in the LiFePO4 cathode and the formation of concomitant impurities and their impact on the various electrochemical performances have been reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. P. Mandal
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
| | - Manoj K. Jangid
- High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - A. Mukhopadhyay
- High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Sher Singh Meena
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - R. Acharya
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
| | - A. K. Tyagi
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
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Karki S, Acharya R, Budhwani H, Shrestha P, Chalise P, Shrestha U, Gautam K, Wilson L. Perceptions and Attitudes towards Evidence Based Practice among Nurses and Nursing Students in Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2017; 13:308-15. [PMID: 27423280 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v13i4.16829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background As the evidence based practice (EBP) movement expands, there is a need for health leaders and educators in each country to assess the extent to which health professional students and practitioners are prepared to locate, evaluate, and apply evidence to guide their practice. Objective The study objective was to explore nurses' and nursing students' perceptions and attitudes towards EBP. Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey administered to all 273 nurses and nursing students from Nepal who attended an EBP conference. The survey instrument that was used by Majid in Singapore was adapted for use in this study with permission from the author. Result In total, 121 nurses participated in the study. The majority (93%) of respondents reported that they had no previous training in EBP. The respondents' perceptions of their EBP knowledge and skills were variable, but most of them demonstrated positive attitudes toward EBP. Respondents identified a number of barriers that limit the implementation of EBP in Nepal. The greatest barriers were lack of time and resources, difficulty understanding research articles and translating the findings to practice, and limited autonomy to change practice based on evidence. Conclusion Although respondents had positive attitudes towards EBP, their knowledge and skills were limited and barriers to implementation existed. Nursing faculty can use the findings to guide implementation of EBP into curricula, and nursing administrators and clinicians can use the findings to guide practice to promote EBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karki
- Department of Nursing Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R Acharya
- Department of Nursing Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - H Budhwani
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - P Shrestha
- Department of Nursing Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - P Chalise
- Department of Nursing Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - U Shrestha
- Department of Nursing Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - K Gautam
- Department of Nursing Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - L Wilson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Acharya R, Kearney T, Chalmers N, Anderson I, Doran H. Role of adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism: Salford royal NHS foundation trust experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Awasthi S, Kumar R, Devanathan A, Acharya R, Rai A. Multivariate methods for analysis of environmental reference materials using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sathyapriya RS, Prabhath RK, Acharya R, Rao DD. Assessment of annual intake of thorium from animal origin food consumed by population residing in monazite rich area of southern India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chhillar S, Acharya R, Mishra RK, Kaushik CP, Pujari PK. Simultaneous determination of low Z elements in barium borosilicate glass samples by in situ current normalized particle induced gamma-ray emission methods. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chapagain K, Pokharel R, Acharya R, Shah S, Paranjape B. Incidence of Post Operative Wound Infection Following the Use of Antibiotics in Clean Contaminated Head and Neck Surgery in a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal. Birat J Health Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.3126/bjhs.v1i1.17100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post operative wound infection continues to be the major concern even after the appropriate antibiotic coverage.Objective To find out the incidence of post operative wound infection following the use of antibiotics in clean contaminated head and neck surgery in a tertiary care centre in Eastern Nepal.Methodology It is a prospective study conducted at Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar from 14th April 2013 to 12th April 2015. Patient who underwent clean contaminated head and neck surgery were followed up on 1st, 3rd and 6th post–operative day (POD) and wounds were inspected for any signs of wound infection.Results A total of 144 patients undergoing various clean contaminated head and neck surgeries were included in this study. Tonsillectomy was the commonest surgery performed (40.27%). An overall wound infection rate was 11.80%. Serous discharge rd from the surgical site observed on 3rd post operative day was the most common presentation of wound infection (29.41%). Parotidectomy was the surgery presenting with highest rate of wound infection (31.25%).Conclusion This study concludes that even the best technique and appropriate antibiotic has not completely eliminated the problem of wound infection in clean contaminated head and neck surgery.Birat Journal of Health Sciences 2016 1(1): 51-55
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Mohania D, Acharya R, Kalra S, Jain K, Tripathi D, Chandel S, Mohania S, Choudhury K, Jain S, Bhalla S. Clinical correlation of cancer stem cells in low and high grade glioma of North Indian population. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw367.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tamilarasu S, Velraj G, Ray DK, Acharya R. Chemical analysis of archaeological clay potteries by PIGE and PIXE methods using proton beams from tandem accelerator for provenance study. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Acharya R, Shinde AD, Reddy A. WITHDRAWN: Chemical characterization of Zirconium and Nickel based alloys and Zirconium oxides by relative and internal Monostandard NAA methods. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Acharya R, Wakode PT, Bhandary S, Khanal B, Khatiwada S. Colonization and infection in tracheostomized patients at tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/hren.v12i2.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tracheostomy is a life saving emergency procedure and provides many benefits for long term ventilator dependent patients. However, colonization and infection of airways after tracheostomy is one of the serious complications increasing patient morbidity and mortality. Objective: To find out the colonizing agent in the trachea of tracheostomized patients and the type and frequency of post tracheostomy infection. Methods: Study was conducted in 30 consecutive, adult patients requiring either elective or emergency tracheostomy at BPKIHS, Nepal. First and second tracheal swab was obtained immediately after tracheostomy and on the seventh day. Micro-organisms isolated from the culture of tracheal swab were noted. Patients were observed for infectious complications after tracheostomy. Results: Eighteen (60%) tracheostomies were performed electively and 12(40%) as an emergency. Sixty-eight isolates were grown from the culture of tracheal swabs. Out of 60 tracheal swabs, nine showed sterile culture. Single micro-organism was isolated from 35(58.33%) tracheal swabs and polybacterial isolation was seen in 16(26.66%) swabs. Pseudomonas aeroginosa was the commonest micro-organism isolated. After Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus in the first culture and Acinetobacter anitratus in the second culture was the commonest organisms isolated. Five (16.6%) patients developed stomal infection and three (10.0%) developed pneumonia as a complication of tracheostomy. Conclusion: Trachea of the tracheostomized patients is heavily colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter anitratus and Staphyloccus aureus . Stomal infection and pneumonia are the infectious complication occurring within seven days of tracheostomy.Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp. 68-73
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Chapagain RH, Acharya R, Shrestha N, Giri BR, Bagale BB, Kayastha M. Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Sepsis in Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit of Central Paediatric Referral Hospital in Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:205-208. [PMID: 27005713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Because of difference in local epidemiology and possible variation with time, regular monitoring and updates on pathogen and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is important for prevention and treatment. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study was carried out among cases of neonatal sepsis admitted in neonatal intermediate care unit of Kanti Children's hospital from August 2014 to August 2015. The data was collected from medical records of neonatal intermediate care unit and microbiology department and analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS There were 644 admissions, among which 210 (32%)were suspected of having neonatal sepsis. Thirty(14%) of the suspected cases had positive blood culture. Proportions of late and early onset were 25 (83.3%) and 5(17.7%) respectively.In blood culture Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism(80%),followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (6.66%), Acinetobacter (6.66%), Enterobacter species(3.33%) and Morgonellamorgoni (3.33.5%).Gram positive organisms were isolated in all cases of early onset sepsis and in 84% of late onset sepsis. Most of the isolated organisms showed sensitivity to amikacin, cloxacillin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS This study has indicated possible emergence of Staphylococcus aureus as the dominant cause of neonatal sepsis. Cloxacillin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin have high proportion of efficacy against the commonly isolated bacteria in neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Chapagain
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Acharya
- Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N Shrestha
- Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B R Giri
- Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B B Bagale
- Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Kayastha
- Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Shinde AD, Acharya R, Reddy AVR. Optimization of a fast INAA method for determination of trace concentrations of chlorine in zirconium based alloy and oxide samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shrestha A, Pradhan S, Tuladhar AS, Pradhan S, Yadav B, Acharya R, Pathak R, Thapa B. Normal fetal nasal bone length at 14 to 28 weeks of gestation. Nepal Med Coll J 2014; 16:152-155. [PMID: 26930735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fetal nasal bone length (FNBL) is a recent sonographic marker included in second trimester genetic sonography which varies with race and ethnicity. The importance of measuring FNBL is in the prenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome (DS), the most common chromosomal abnormality. Nasal bone hypoplasia or absence is one of the frequent features of DS. Different studies conducted in different parts of the world have established FNBL in different races. But, reference values for normal fetal nasal bone length are yet to be established for Nepalese population. So, the aim of this study was to determine normal FNBL in second trimester. Objective was to create normal reference values for fetal nasal bone in Nepalese population. A cross sectional study was carried out on 150 second trimester pregnancy cases referred for antenatal ultrasound to Department of Radiology at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital between May 2014 and July 2014. Cases included all the clinically normal second trimester pregnancy in which fetal nasal bone could be visualized in midsagittal plane. Table demonstrating normal FNBL corresponding to weeks of gestation was generated using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20. There was linear increase in mean FNBL with gestational age. Minimum mean FNBL was 2.93 mm at 14 weeks and maximum was 7.89 mm at 27 weeks. Age of patients ranged from 17 to 35 years. Normal FNBL values in Nepalese population corroborates with those published in Western literature but with variation. Hence, reference values for local population become more relevant for antenatal ultrasound practices in Nepal.
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Acharya R, Goswami A, Reddy AVR. Foreword of the Fifth Symposium on Nuclear Analytical Chemistry (NAC-V). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Prabhu VA, Awasthi S, Shanavas R, Kunhikatta V, Thunga G, Acharya R. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Treatment Pattern and Outcome Analysis. Value Health 2014; 17:A726-A727. [PMID: 27202582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V A Prabhu
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India
| | - S Awasthi
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India
| | - R Shanavas
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India
| | - V Kunhikatta
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - G Thunga
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - R Acharya
- Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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