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Radhakrishnan R, Kudva A, Kabekkodu SP, Chakrabarty S, Mallya SP, Satyamoorthy K. METHYLATION PROFILING OF DAPK1, LRPPRC, RAB6C, AND ZNF471 IN SALIVA AND TISSUES AS NOVEL EPIGENETIC MARKERS OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Uma Maheshwari Nallal V, Padmini R, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Radhakrishnan R, Almoallim HSM, Alharbi SA, Razia M. Combined in vitro and in silico approach to evaluate the inhibitory potential of an underutilized allium vegetable and its pharmacologically active compounds on multidrug resistant Candida species. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1246-1256. [PMID: 33613054 PMCID: PMC7878694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida infections and related mortality have become a challenge to global health. Nontoxic and natural bioactive compounds from plants are regarded as promising candidates to inhibit these multidrug resistant strains. In the present study, in vitro assays and in silico molecular docking approach was combined to evaluate the inhibitory effect of crude extracts from Allium ampeloprasum and its variety A. porrum on Candida pathogens. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in higher quantity. Spectral studies of the extracts support the presence of phenols, flavonoids and organosulfur compounds. Aqueous extract of A. ampeloprasum showed a total antioxidant capacity of 68 ± 1.7 mg AAE/ g and an IC50 value of 0.88 ± 2.1 mg/ml was obtained for DPPH radicals scavenging assay. C. albicans were highly susceptible (19.9 ± 1.1 mm) when treated with aqueous A. ampeloprasum extract. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the range of 19-40 μg/ml and the results were significant (p ≤ 0.05). In silico molecular docking studies demonstrated that bioactive phytocompounds of A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum efficiently interacted with the active site of Secreted aspartyl proteinase 2 enzyme that is responsible for the virulence of pathogenic yeasts. Rosmarinic acid and Myricetin exhibited low binding energies and higher number of hydrogen bond interactions with the protein target. Thus the study concludes that A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum that remain as underutilized vegetables in the Allium genus are potential anti-candida agents and their pharmacologically active compounds must be considered as competent candidates for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Uma Maheshwari Nallal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu 624101, India
| | - R. Padmini
- Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600028, India
| | - B. Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- P.G and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620020, India
| | - Hesham Saleh M. Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Razia
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu 624101, India
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Bhat A, Goud BR, Pradeep JR, Jayaram G, Radhakrishnan R, Srinivasan K. Can Mobile Health Improve Depression Treatment Access and Adherence Among Rural Indian Women? A Qualitative Study. Cult Med Psychiatry 2020; 44:461-478. [PMID: 31916181 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-019-09664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with low rates of treatment and medication non-adherence, more so in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Mobile mental health (mHealth) interventions offer promise as a tool to address these problems. However, the feasibility and acceptability of mHealth interventions among rural women in LMICs is unknown. We examined barriers to accessing mental health treatment, reasons for non-adherence, and attitudes towards mHealth solutions among women with MDD in rural south India. Six focus groups were conducted among women with MDD (n = 69) who had been in treatment at a rural community health center. The discussion was transcribed and analyzed using a modified grounded-theory approach. Women perceived limited autonomy within their family structure, and experienced financial and systemic barriers as contributing to poor treatment access and non-adherence. Illiteracy, limited personal access to mobile phones, and preference for in-person clinical consultation were identified as barriers to use of mHealth. This is the first qualitative study, to our knowledge, that examines attitude towards mHealth among women with MDD in a rural setting in India. The study identified contextual barriers that will be important to address before implementing mHealth interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, NE Pacific Street, 1959, Seattle, WA, 98052, USA.
| | - B Ramakrishna Goud
- Department of Community Health, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - J R Pradeep
- Department of Psychiatry, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - G Jayaram
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K Srinivasan
- Department of Psychiatry, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
- Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St Johns Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
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Uthup S, Radhakrishnan R, T.s A, Remeshan S. SUN-196 MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY - CHANGE IN THE TREND OVER 12 YEARS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Gunderson C, Evans E, Radhakrishnan R, Gomathinayagam R, Husain S, Aravindan S, Moore K, Dhanasekaran D, Jayaraman M. Circulating Tumor Cell-Free DNA Genes As Biomarkers For Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Silva LC, Fonseca FP, Almeida OP, Mariz BA, Lopes MA, Radhakrishnan R, Sharma M, Kowalski LP, Vargas PA. CD1a+ and CD207+ cells are reduced in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e49-e55. [PMID: 31880289 PMCID: PMC6982989 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study investigated the distribution of immature dendritic cells (DCs), Langerhans cells and plasmacytoid DCs in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), OSMF associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSMF-OSCC), oral leukoplakia (OL), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Material and Methods Fourteen cases of OSMF, 9 of OSMF-OSCC, 8 of OL¸ 45 of OSCC and 8 of normal epithelium were retrospectively retrieved and their diagnoses confirmed. Immunoreactions against CD1a, CD207 e CD303 were performed and the number of positive cells quantified.
Results A significant decrease of CD1a+ was found in OSMF (p≤0.05), OSMF-OSCC (p ≤ 0.01), and OSCC (p ≤ 0.001) when compared to normal epithelium. For CD207+ the significance decrease was observed in OSMF-OSCC (p ≤ 0.05), and OSCC (p ≤ 0.01) when compared with normal epithelium, and in OSMF when compared with OL (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference for CD303, but increased in CD303+ was observed in OSCC when compared with normal epithelium.
Conclusions The decrease in the number of CD1a+ and CD207+ cells may be associate to the development of oral OSCC, and in OPMDs they might be indicators of malignant transformation. Key words:Premalignant lesions, oral submucous fibrosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-C Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis - Oral Pathology Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Av Limeira, 901 - 13414-016 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khan S, Radhakrishnan R. Rare case of headache, ptosis and dilated pupil- isolated oculomotor palsy secondary to zoster meningitis. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Radhakrishnan R, Gallais L, Monneret S. Wavefront sensing applied to determine the temperature dependence of the refractive index of liquids. Appl Opt 2019; 58:3646-3651. [PMID: 31044860 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A method based on wavefront sensing is described to determine the temperature dependence of the refractive index of liquids. The technique only implies measuring the wavefront of a light beam passing through a micro-vessel containing the liquid. Here, this vessel is a crater made by CO2 laser processing in a fused silica plate. From the wavefront analysis, the optical path that is related to the refractive index of the liquid can be determined. This measurement can be done at different temperatures to obtain the temperature dependence of the refractive index. This method is applied to three liquids: water, ethanol, and cyclohexane at λ=630 nm. The results show a linear dependence in the range of 17°C-50°C and give coefficients dndT that are in good agreement with values from the literature.
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Radhakrishnan R, Pooja D, Kulhari H, Gudem S, Ravuri HG, Bhargava S, Ramakrishna S. Bombesin conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles for improved delivery of epigallocatechin gallate for breast cancer treatment. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 224:104770. [PMID: 30965023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) is a potent anti-cancer therapeutic which effectively controls the growth of cancerous cells through a variety of different pathways. However, its molecular structure is susceptible to modifications due to cellular enzymes affecting its stability, bioavailability and hence, overall efficiency. In this study, we have initially encapsulated EGCG in the matrix of solid lipid nanoparticles to provide a stable drug carrier. To confer additional specificity towards gastrin releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) overexpressed in breast cancer, EGCG loaded nanoparticles were conjugated with a GRPR-specific peptide. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the peptide-conjugated formulations possessed greater cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines compared to the non-conjugated formulations. Further, in-vivo studies performed on C57/BL6 mice showed greater survivability and reduction in tumour volume in mice treated with peptide-conjugated formulation as compared to the mice treated with non-conjugated formulation or with plain EGCG. These results warrant the potential of the system designed in this study as a novel and effective drug delivery system in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Radhakrishnan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deep Pooja
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sagarika Gudem
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Halley Gora Ravuri
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Bhargava
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Manikandan N, Radhakrishnan R. Generating multibreather vector solitons by influencing the Manakov model and its modified forms with the linear self and cross coupling parameters. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00950. [PMID: 30839844 PMCID: PMC6251022 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have realized for the first time the multibreather vector multi-solitons supporting collision dynamics with many interaction effects (namely reflection, attraction, beating, etc., effects) associated with the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger family equations having multiple applications. Such effects can be suppressed or enhanced by using the soliton parameters. Here each colliding multibreather vector one-soliton is composed with many soliton and antisoliton parts. Our solutions have freedom to control the number of soliton and antisoliton parts used to compose a vector one-soliton with a definite breathing length. It is also interesting to observe that the breathing maps associated with the obtained solutions depend on their free parameters and also the system parameters. All such investigations help us to realize different breathing mechanisms (namely pedaling, toggling, symmetric compression, symmetric elongation, asymmetric compression, asymmetric elongation, etc.) supported by the colliding one-solitons. An existing breathing mechanism of a given vector breather one-soliton can be suppressed or switched into another mechanism by tuning certain parameters appropriately. Because of such features we believe that this kind of study will further give impetus on the Lindner-Fedyanin system in the continuum limit, and find the potential applications in fiber coupler and also in Bose-Einstein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Manikandan
- Mount Zion College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkottai - 622 507, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- P.G. and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamilnadu, India
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Vijayakumar K, Rengarajan RL, Radhakrishnan R, Anand AV. Hypolipidemic Effect of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract Against Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:4-8. [PMID: 29576694 PMCID: PMC5858240 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_167_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based natural extracts cure several diseases in human. However, the extract of Psidium guajava leaf is not yet evaluated on changes of lipid profile in hepatic disease affected rats. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to evaluate the mitigation effect of the ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaf and its isolated quercetin fraction on hepatotoxic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was injected to rats for hepatic disease induction and silymarin drug was used as positive control to compare plant ethanolic extract. The lipid profiles were assessed in both plasma and liver tissue of diseased and control rats. RESULTS Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was decreased in CCl4-induced hepatotoxic rats. The treatment of P. guajava (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, bw) and isolated quercetin fraction (20 mg/kg, bw) doses decreased the elevated levels of all these parameters in diseased rats and restored the normal concentration of HDL-C. CONCLUSION The results of the present study concluded that the P. guajava leaf and its isolated quercetin fraction can significantly regulate lipid metabolism in CCl4-induced hepatotoxic rats and decrease the disease rate. SUMMARY Psidium guajava leaf extract reduces the hepatotoxicity and disease rate in ratsQuercetin fraction of leaf extract significantly regulates lipid profile in hepatic diseased rats. Abbreviations used: CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; FFA: Free fatty acids; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LCAT: Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PL: Phospholipids; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; VLDL-C: Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, MIET Arts and Science College, Trichirappalli, India
| | - R. L. Rengarajan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - A. Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Radhakrishnan R, Merhar SL, Su W, Zhang B, Burns P, Lim FY, Kline-Fath BM. Prenatal Factors Associated with Postnatal Brain Injury in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 39:558-562. [PMID: 29269406 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Approximately 60% of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia have evidence of brain injury on postnatal MR imaging. It is unclear whether any brain injury is present before birth. In this study, we evaluated fetal MR imaging findings of brain injury and the association of congenital diaphragmatic hernia severity with postnatal brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fetal MR imaging and postnatal brain MR imaging were retrospectively evaluated in 36 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (from 2009 to 2014) by 2 pediatric neuroradiologists. Brain injury on postnatal MR imaging and brain injury and congenital diaphragmatic hernia severity on fetal MR imaging were recorded. Correlations between brain abnormalities on fetal and postnatal brain MR imaging were analyzed. Postnatal brain injury findings correlating with the severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia were also assessed. RESULTS On fetal MR imaging, enlarged extra-axial spaces (61%), venous sinus distention (21%), and ventriculomegaly (6%) were identified. No maturational delay, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain parenchymal injury was identified on fetal MR imaging. On postnatal MR imaging, 67% of infants had evidence of abnormality, commonly, enlarged extra-axial spaces (44%). Right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia was associated with a greater postnatal brain injury score (P = .05). Low observed-to-expected lung volume was associated with postnatal white matter injury (P = .005) and a greater postnatal brain injury score (P = .008). Lack of liver herniation was associated with normal postnatal brain MR imaging findings (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Fetal lung hypoplasia is associated with postnatal brain injury in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, suggesting that the severity of lung disease and associated treatments affect brain health as well. We found no evidence of prenatal brain parenchymal injury or maturational delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radhakrishnan
- From the Department of Radiology (R.R.), Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - W Su
- Department of Mathematics (W.S.), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - B Zhang
- Division of Neonatology, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.Z.)
| | - P Burns
- Fetal Care Center (P.B., F.Y.L.)
| | - F Y Lim
- Fetal Care Center (P.B., F.Y.L.)
| | - B M Kline-Fath
- Department of Radiology (B.M.K.-F.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hyperkyphosis causes deleterious effects on health, physical function, and quality of life. Recently, health care providers recognized it as a major health concern. OBJECTIVE To identify the effect of corrective exercise strategy on hyperkyphosis and compare it with that of conventional exercise. METHODS Subjects were randomly categorized into two groups. Each group comprised 30 subjects. Group A received the corrective exercise strategy, and group B received conventional exercises for 8 weeks of the study duration (15 repetitions of each exercise for three sessions/day for a total duration of 45 min and 4 days/week. Pre- and post-interventional hyperkyphosis were analyzed according to posture number using the Posture Pro 8 postural analysis software. In addition, pectoralis minor flexibility was assessed using the ruler scale method in centimeters. RESULTS Both groups showed highly significant postural alteration and changes in pectoralis minor muscle length (p< 0.001)CONCLUSIONS:The corrective exercise strategy seems to promote scapular stability and produce a more upright posture of the upper thoracic spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Senthil
- School of Physiotherapy, Vels University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Musculoskeletal, Mohamed Sathak A.J. College of Physiotherapy, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Sudhakar
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, ACS Medical College and Hospitals, Dr MGR University Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Musculoskeletal, Mohamed Sathak A.J. College of Physiotherapy, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Jeyakumar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Senthil P, Sudhakar S, Porcelvan S, Francis TT, Rathnamala D, Radhakrishnan R. Implication of Posture Analysing Software to Evaluate the Postural Changes after Corrective Exercise Strategy on Subjects with Upper Body Dysfunction-A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:YC01-YC04. [PMID: 28893030 PMCID: PMC5583788 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26520.10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The postural adaptation is very common now a days in school going children, office desk oriented job, computer users and frequent mobile users, and in all major industrial workers. Several studies have documented a high incidence of postural abnormalities in a given population; however, methods of postural measurement were poorly defined. The implication of postural pro software to analyse the postural imbalance of upper body dysfunction is very rare and literature studies says that the kinematic changes in particular segment will produce pain/discomfort and thereby lesser productivity of subjects. AIM To evaluate the postural changes in subjects with upper body dysfunction after a corrective exercise strategy using postural analysis software and pectoralis minor muscle length testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS After explaining the procedure and benefits, informed consent was taken from the participating subjects (age 25-55 years). Subjects with upper body dysfunction were randomly allocated into two groups (each group 30 subjects). The Group-A received the corrective exercise strategy and Group-B received the conventional exercise for eight weeks of study duration (15 reps each exercise, total duration of 40 min; four days/week. Pre and Post posture analysis were analysed using posture pro software along with flexibility of pectoralis minor was assessed using ruler scale method. RESULTS After interpretation of data, both the group showed the postural alteration and pectoralis minor muscle length changes, p-value (p<0.01) of both group showed highly significant changes. But comparing the both groups, the subjects who received the corrective exercise strategy shown more percentage of improvement in posture alteration (56.25%), pectoralis minor muscle length changes (68.69%) than the conventional exercise received subjects in posture alteration (24.86%) and pectoralis minor muscle length changes (21.9%). CONCLUSION Altered postural changes and pectoralis minor muscle flexibility before and after the corrective exercise strategy evaluated by postural analysis software method shown to be a significant tool in clinical practice, which is easier and reproducible method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Senthil
- Research Scholar, School of Physiotherapy, Vel’s University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sudhakar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Porcelvan
- Professor, Department of Research committee, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T.G. Tilak Francis
- Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Vel’s University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Rathnamala
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Mohamed Sathak A J College of Physiotherapy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Mohamed Sathak A J College of Physiotherapy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramakrishnan N, Wang Y, Eckmann DM, Ayyaswamy PS, Radhakrishnan R. Motion of a nano-spheroid in a cylindrical vessel flow: Brownian and hydrodynamic interactions. J Fluid Mech 2017; 821:117-152. [PMID: 29109590 PMCID: PMC5669124 DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the motion of a buoyant or a nearly neutrally buoyant nano-sized spheroid in a fluid filled tube without or with an imposed pressure gradient (weak Poiseuille flow). The fluctuating hydrodynamics approach and the deterministic method are both employed. We ensure that the fluctuation-dissipation relation and the principle of thermal equipartition of energy are both satisfied. The major focus is on the effect of the confining boundary. Results for the velocity and the angular velocity autocorrelations (VACF and AVACF), the diffusivities and the drag and the lift forces as functions of the shape, the aspect ratio, the inclination angle and the proximity to the wall are presented. For the parameters considered, the boundary modifies the VACF and AVACF such that three distinct regimes are discernible - an initial exponential decay followed by an algebraic decay culminating in a second exponential decay. The first is due to the thermal noise, the algebraic regime is due both to the thermal noise and the hydrodynamic correlations, while the second exponential decay shows the effect of momentum reflection from the confining wall. Our predictions display excellent comparison with published results for the algebraic regime (the only regime for which earlier results exist). We also discuss the role of the off-diagonal elements of the mobility and the diffusivity tensors that enable the quantifications of the degree of lift and margination of the nanocarrier. Our study covers a range of parameters that are of wide applicability in nanotechnology, microrheology and in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
| | - D. M. Eckmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
| | - P. S. Ayyaswamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19204, USA
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Le B, Waller JL, Radhakrishnan R, Oh SJ, Kheda MF, Nahman NS, Carbone L. Osteoporotic fractures in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and end stage renal disease. Lupus 2017; 27:17-24. [PMID: 28530467 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317709953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rising. However, the relationship between osteoporotic fractures and SLE in the setting of ESRD remains uninvestigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of incident osteoporotic fractures in patients with ESRD with and without SLE, to identify risk factors for fractures in patients with SLE and ESRD, and to examine the contribution of these fractures to mortality. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients with SLE ( n = 716) and a 5% random sample of controls without SLE ( n = 4176) in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) from years 2006-2008 enrolled in Medicare Part D. Results Fractures occurred in 10.6% ( n = 76) of patients with SLE and ESRD and 12.1% ( n = 507) of patients with ESRD without SLE ( p = 0.24). Older age (adjusted relative risk 1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.04) was associated with an increased risk for fracture in patients with SLE and ESRD. In multivariable analyses, vertebral and hip fractures more than doubled the risk for mortality. Conclusions The frequency of osteoporotic fractures in patients with SLE and ESRD is similar to the general population of patients with ESRD. Vertebral and hip fractures are significant contributors to mortality in patients with SLE and ESRD. Fracture prevention, in particular, for elderly patients with SLE and ESRD, should be considered. Summary SLE is not an independent risk factor for fractures in patients with ESRD. However, among patients with SLE and ESRD, vertebral and hip fractures are significant contributors to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Le
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,2 Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - J L Waller
- 3 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- 4 School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - S J Oh
- 5 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - M F Kheda
- 6 Southwest Georgia Nephrology Clinic, PC, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - N S Nahman
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,2 Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,7 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - L Carbone
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,2 Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,5 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Senthil P, Sudhakar S, Radhakrishnan R. Effect of Thoracic Correction Exercises in Upper Body Dysfunction of 94-Year-old Male Participant - A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 10:YD01-YD02. [PMID: 28208991 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22016.9029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The case report has been presented to show the effects of thoracic correction exercises on flexed posture in older men with upper body dysfunction using posture analysis software and pectoralis minor muscle length test. The present case is that of a 94-year-old male. He was guided for a specific thoracic correction exercises for 12 weeks. The program included breathing correction, thorax mobility, scapular stability and passive stretching of Pectoralis major and minor, performed thrice a week, 30 min each session, for 12 weeks. Outcome measures included the upper body dysfunction changes by posture analysis software and pectoralis minor muscle length test. The Pre and Post-test of the patient demonstrated significantly greater improvements in hyperkyphosis (forward head posture) and pectoralis minor muscle length. This case study provides a promising exercise intervention that may improve flexed posture in older men with age-related upper body dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Senthil
- Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Mohamed Sathak A J College of Physiotherapy , Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Sudhakar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Mohamed Sathak A J College of Physiotherapy , Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Radhakrishnan R, Mittal B, Gorla AR, Basher R, Sood A, Bal A, Kalra N, Khandelwal N, Singh N, Behera D. Real time intra-procedural 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy using automated robotic biopsy arm in the diagnostic evaluation of thoracic lesions with prior inconclusive biopsy results: Initial experience from a tertiary health care center. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Inspired by proteins that generate membrane curvature, sense the underlying membrane geometry, and migrate driven by curvature gradients, we explore the question: Can colloids, adhered to lipid bilayers, also sense and respond to membrane geometry? We report the migration of Janus microparticles adhered to giant unilamellar vesicles elongated to present spatially varying curvatures. In our experiments, colloids migrate only when the membranes are tense, suggesting that they migrate to minimize membrane area. By determining the energy dissipated along a trajectory, the energy field is inferred to depend on the local deviatoric curvature, like curvature driven capillary migration on interfaces between immiscible fluids. In this latter system, energy gradients are larger, so colloids move deterministically, whereas the paths traced by colloids on vesicles have significant fluctuations. By addressing the role of Brownian motion, we show that the observed migration is analogous to curvature driven capillary migration, with membrane tension playing the role of interfacial tension. Since this motion is mediated by membrane shape, it can be turned on and off by dynamically deforming the vesicle. While particle-particle interactions on lipid membranes have been considered in many contributions, we report here an exciting and previously unexplored modality to actively direct the migration of colloids to desired locations on lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N. Sharifi-Mood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F. Tu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd St., 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T. Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K. J. Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Madhumathi R, Radhakrishnan R. User's priority focused resource provisioning over cloud computing infrastructure. IJGUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1504/ijguc.2017.088281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Madhumathi R, Radhakrishnan R. User's priority focused resource provisioning over cloud computing infrastructure. IJGUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1504/ijguc.2017.10009371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Balaji S, Kumar V, Seenivasan P, Radhakrishnan R, Sekar G, Kannan T, Chandrasekaran V, Swaminathan S, Selvakumar N. Adequacy of examining one sputum specimen in tuberculosis drug resistance surveys. Int J Mycobacteriol 2016; 5:265-268. [PMID: 27847007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Collection of one spot and one morning sputum specimen is recommended for tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance surveys. This was a retrospective analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures isolated from two spot sputum specimens collected from smear positive TB patients in a TB drug resistance survey. It was conducted to understand the value of a second specimen. METHODS A TB drug resistance survey was conducted in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, to estimate the prevalence of drug resistance among new sputum smear-positive (NSP) and previously treated (PT) patients diagnosed in Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program microscopy centers. A total of 2425 patients (1524 NSP and 901 PT cases) were enrolled in the study. From these patients, two spot sputum specimens (C and D) were collected within a period of 2h. No preservative was added to sputum. The samples were transported at ambient conditions without cold storage to the central laboratory for culture of M. tuberculosis. Culture yield from each sample was computed and analyzed. RESULTS The proportion of cultures retrieved from C and D specimens among NSP cases (89.3% and 89.7%) and PT cases (90.8% and 90.3%) were similar. The culture grades of C and D samples were comparable (chi-square test, 3560.135; p<.001) and the agreement was moderate (kappa test, 0.454). CONCLUSION The findings of the study reveal the adequacy of single spot sputum specimen from smear positive pulmonary TB patients for bacteriological examination in a quality-assured TB laboratory to determine precisely the level of drug resistance in a province of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Balaji
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - Vanaja Kumar
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - Prabu Seenivasan
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - Gomathi Sekar
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - Thiruvengadam Kannan
- Department of Statistics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - Vedhachalam Chandrasekaran
- Department of Statistics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - Soumya Swaminathan
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
| | - Nagamiah Selvakumar
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India.
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Thennavan A, Sharma M, Chandrashekar C, Hunter K, Radhakrishnan R. Exploring the potential of laser capture microdissection technology in integrated oral biosciences. Oral Dis 2016; 23:737-748. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Thennavan
- Department of Oral Pathology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - M Sharma
- Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research (PAHER) University; Udaipur Rajasthan India
- Department of Oral Pathology; ITS Dental College; Hospital and Research Center; Greater Noida India
| | - C Chandrashekar
- Department of Oral Pathology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - K Hunter
- School of Clinical Dentistry; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal Karnataka India
- School of Clinical Dentistry; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Abstract
Postmodernism is the expression of a profound contradiction: deterritorialization and a borderless world on the one hand, and, on the other, the return of nationalism and the exacerbation of the gap between the `developed' and the `underdeveloped' worlds. The freedom that is associated with postmodernism is, in fact, an abject surrender to the dominance of capitalism. This essay argues that the significance of postmodernism has to be determined globally and world-historically and not merely within the confines of the metropolitan West. Secure in its dominance, postmodernism travels the world over in the name of knowledge, theory and epistemology. The pervasive epistemics of the `post-' sanctions the domination of other knowledges by the knowledge of the West. In a world polarized into the West and the Rest, the rest of the world has the ethico-political responsibility as well as authority to ensure that postmodernism does not mandate itself as the universal human condition.
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Radhakrishnan R, Kulhari H, Pooja D, Gudem S, Bhargava S, Shukla R, Sistla R. Encapsulation of biophenolic phytochemical EGCG within lipid nanoparticles enhances its stability and cytotoxicity against cancer. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 198:51-60. [PMID: 27234272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenolic catechin, has been known to possess a variety of beneficial biological activities. The in-vitro anti-cancer activity of EGCG is well documented. However, the use of EGCG in modern therapeutics is limited due to its poor bioavailability and limited stability at physiological pH. In this study, we have investigated the stability profiles of EGCG in aqueous solutions using UV-vis spectroscopy. Stability results showed very low stability profile of EGCG at physiological pH with rapid degradation under alkaline conditions. Therefore, we have encapsulated EGCG in solid lipid nanoparticles to increase its stability and evaluated for anticancer activity. The lipid core of nanoparticles not only provides an additional structural reinforcement to the nanoparticle assembly, but also makes it biologically compatible, thereby enabling a stealth vehicle for efficient drug delivery. EGCG loaded nanoparticles (EGCG-SLN) were characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. EGCG and EGCG-SLN were evaluated for their anticancer activities by cellular proliferation. The cytotoxicity of EGCG-SLN was found to be 8.1 times higher against MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells and 3.8 times higher against DU-145 human prostate cancer cells than that of the pure EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Radhakrishnan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sagarika Gudem
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Bhargava
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ravi Shukla
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Radhakrishnan R, Merhar S, Meinzen-Derr J, Haberman B, Lim FY, Burns P, Zorn E, Kline-Fath B. Correlation of MRI Brain Injury Findings with Neonatal Clinical Factors in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1745-51. [PMID: 27151752 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia are reported to have evidence of brain MR imaging abnormalities. Our study aimed to identify perinatal clinical factors in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia that are associated with evidence of brain injury on MR imaging performed before hospital discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS MRIs performed before hospital discharge in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia were scored for brain injury by 2 pediatric neuroradiologists. Perinatal variables and clinical variables from the neonatal intensive care unit stay were analyzed for potential associations with brain MR imaging findings. RESULTS Fifty-three infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (31 boys) were included. At least 1 abnormality was seen on MR imaging in 32 infants (60%). The most common MR imaging findings were enlarged extra-axial spaces (36%), intraventricular hemorrhage (23%), ventriculomegaly (19%), white matter injury (17%), and cerebellar hemorrhage (17%). The MR imaging brain injury score was associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P = .0001), lack of oral feeding at discharge (P = .012), use of inotropes (P = .027), and gastrostomy tube placement before hospital discharge (P = .024). The MR imaging brain injury score was also associated with a large diaphragmatic defect size (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS Most infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia have at least 1 abnormality identified on MR imaging of the brain performed before discharge. The main predictors of brain injury in this population are a requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, large diaphragmatic defect size, and lack of oral feeding at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Merhar
- Perinatal Institute (S.M., B.H.), Division of Neonatology
| | | | - B Haberman
- Perinatal Institute (S.M., B.H.), Division of Neonatology
| | - F Y Lim
- Fetal Care Center (F.Y.L., P.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - P Burns
- Fetal Care Center (F.Y.L., P.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - B Kline-Fath
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.R., B.K.-F.)
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Senthil P, Sudhakar S, Radhakrishnan R. Isolated Activation of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles to Improve the Functional Outcome of Subjects with Cervical Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-5674.2016.00061.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Radhakrishnan R, Manikandan N, Aravinthan K. Energy-exchange collisions of dark-bright-bright vector solitons. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:062913. [PMID: 26764780 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We find a dark component guiding the practically interesting bright-bright vector one-soliton to two different parametric domains giving rise to different physical situations by constructing a more general form of three-component dark-bright-bright mixed vector one-soliton solution of the generalized Manakov model with nine free real parameters. Moreover our main investigation of the collision dynamics of such mixed vector solitons by constructing the multisoliton solution of the generalized Manakov model with the help of Hirota technique reveals that the dark-bright-bright vector two-soliton supports energy-exchange collision dynamics. In particular the dark component preserves its initial form and the energy-exchange collision property of the bright-bright vector two-soliton solution of the Manakov model during collision. In addition the interactions between bound state dark-bright-bright vector solitons reveal oscillations in their amplitudes. A similar kind of breathing effect was also experimentally observed in the Bose-Einstein condensates. Some possible ways are theoretically suggested not only to control this breathing effect but also to manage the beating, bouncing, jumping, and attraction effects in the collision dynamics of dark-bright-bright vector solitons. The role of multiple free parameters in our solution is examined to define polarization vector, envelope speed, envelope width, envelope amplitude, grayness, and complex modulation of our solution. It is interesting to note that the polarization vector of our mixed vector one-soliton evolves in sphere or hyperboloid depending upon the initial parametric choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radhakrishnan
- P. G. and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Manikandan
- Mount Zion College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkottai 622 507, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Aravinthan
- Angel College of Engineering and Technology, Tirupur 641 665, Tamilnadu, India
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Dummer R, Sandhu S, Hassel J, Muñoz E, Berking C, Gesierich A, Ascierto P, Esposito O, Carter K, Antona V, Radhakrishnan R, Cui X, Caponigro G, Jaeger S, Demuth T, Miller Jr W. 3310 LOGIC2: Phase 2, multi-center, open-label study of sequential encorafenib/binimetinib combination followed by a rational combination with targeted agents after progression, to overcome resistance in adult patients with locally-advanced or metastatic BRAF V600 melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kang SM, Radhakrishnan R, You YH, Khan AL, Lee KE, Lee JD, Lee IJ. Enterobacter asburiae KE17 association regulates physiological changes and mitigates the toxic effects of heavy metals in soybean. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17:1013-22. [PMID: 25940948 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role played by Enterobacter asburiae KE17 in the growth and metabolism of soybeans during copper (100 μm Cu) and zinc (100 μm Zn) toxicity. When compared to controls, plants grown under Cu and Zn stress exhibited significantly lower growth rates, but inoculation with E. asburiae KE17 increased growth rates of stressed plants. The concentrations of plant hormones (abscisic acid and salicylic acid) and rates of lipid peroxidation were higher in plants under heavy metal stress, while total chlorophyll, carotenoid content and total polyphenol concentration were lower. While the bacterial treatment reduced the abscisic acid and salicylic acid content and lipid peroxidation rate of Cu-stressed plants, it also increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and total polyphenol. Moreover, the heavy metals induced increased accumulation of free amino acids such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid, while E. asburiae KE17 significantly reduced concentrations of free amino acids in metal-affected plants. Co-treatment with E. asburiae KE17 regulated nutrient uptake by enhancing nitrogen content and inhibiting Cu and Zn accumulation in soybean plants. The results of this study suggest that E. asburiae KE17 mitigates the effects of Cu and Zn stress by reprogramming plant metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y-H You
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Daegu, Korea
| | - A-L Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - K-E Lee
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - J-D Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - I-J Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Lawson NC, Radhakrishnan R, Givan DA, Ramp LC, Burgess JO. Two-year Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of a Flowable and Conventional Composite in Class I Restorations. Oper Dent 2015; 40:594-602. [PMID: 26237643 DOI: 10.2341/15-038-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the two-year clinical performance and volumetric wear of a flowable resin composite compared to a conventional highly filled composite resin in Class I restorations. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this single-center, single-blinded, comparator-controlled clinical study (Institutional Review Board approved), 120 carious teeth distributed in 60 patients were randomly assigned to four calibrated practitioners who placed occlusal restorations (n=60 flowable and n=60 conventional composite). Direct and indirect assessment at baseline, six months, one year, and two years occurred during which the modified Cvar and Ryge criteria were evaluated. Volumetric wear was determined by superimposition of profilometer scans of baseline and two-year casts. RESULTS At two years, there was no significant difference in anatomic form (p=0.80), color match (p=0.08), marginal adaptation (p=0.89), marginal discoloration (p=0.79), surface integrity (p=0.18), secondary caries (p=0.66), cold sensitivity (p=0.522), occlusal sensitivity (p=0.818), or volumetric wear (p=0.661) between materials. Both materials showed a decrease in all criteria except secondary caries (p=0.95) over time. Two-year mean volumetric wear was 3.16 ± 2.38 mm(3) for the flowable composite and 3.43 ± 2.50 mm(3) for the conventional composite. CONCLUSIONS The flowable and conventional composites used in this study have similar clinical efficacy after two years of service when placed as Class I occlusal restorations having isthmus widths less than one-half the intercuspal distance.
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Roddy SP, Vijayaraghavan K, Hallett JJ, O'Donnell TF, Lumsden AB, Peden EK, Iafrati MD, Geils G, Pearl G, Bandyk D, Radhakrishnan R, Ascher E, Hingorani A. SS21. Long-Term Follow-Up of Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study for No-Option CLI. J Vasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.04.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Selvakumar N, Kumar V, Balaji S, Prabuseenivasan S, Radhakrishnan R, Sekar G, Chandrasekaran V, Kannan T, Thomas A, Arunagiri S, Dewan P, Swaminathan S. High rates of ofloxacin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis among both new and previously treated patients in Tamil Nadu, South India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117421. [PMID: 25738956 PMCID: PMC4349813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic drug resistance surveillance provides useful information on trends of drug resistance and effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) control measures. The present study determines the prevalence of drug resistance among new sputum smear positive (NSP) and previously treated (PT) pulmonary TB patients, diagnosed at public sector designated microscopy centers (DMCs) in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. In this single-stage cluster-sampling prevalence survey, 70 of 700 DMCs were randomly selected using a probability-proportional to size method. A cluster size of 24 for NSP and a varying size of 0 to 99 for PT cases were fixed for each selected DMC. Culture and drug susceptibility testing was done on Lowenstein-Jensen medium using the economic variant of proportion sensitivity test for isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ofloxacin (OFX) and kanamycin (KAN). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status was collected from patient records. From June 2011 to August 2012, 1524 NSP and 901 PT patients were enrolled. Any RMP resistance and any INH resistance were observed in 2.6% and 15.1%, and in 10.4% and 30% respectively in NSP and PT cases. Among PT patients, multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) was highest in the treatment failure (35%) group, followed by relapse (13%) and treatment after default (10%) groups. Extensively drug resistant TB (XDRTB) was seen in 4.3% of MDR-TB cases. Any OFX resistance was seen in 10.4% of NSP, 13.9% of PT and 29% of PT MDR-TB patients. The HIV status of the patient had no impact on drug resistance levels. RMP resistance was present in 2.6% of new and 15.1% of previously treated patients in Tamil Nadu. Rates of OFX resistance were high among NSP and PT patients, especially among those with MDR-TB, a matter of concern for development of new treatment regimens for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Selvakumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Vanaja Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - S. Balaji
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - S. Prabuseenivasan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Gomathi Sekar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - V. Chandrasekaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - T. Kannan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - Aleyamma Thomas
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
| | - S. Arunagiri
- State TB Cell, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - Soumya Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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Vora A, Lokhandwala Y, Naik A, Chopra A, Wander G, Verma J, Jaswal A, Srikanthan V, Kahali D, Singh B, Sahu S, Radhakrishnan R. Profiling arrhythmia & heart failure patients in India – The panarrhythmia & heart failure registry. Indian Heart J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.10.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Manikandan N, Radhakrishnan R, Aravinthan K. Generalized dark-bright vector soliton solution to the mixed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:022902. [PMID: 25215794 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.022902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a dark-bright N-soliton solution with 4N+3 real parameters for the physically interesting system of mixed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Using this as well as an asymptotic analysis we have investigated the interaction between dark-bright vector solitons. Each colliding dark-bright one-soliton at the asymptotic limits includes more coupling parameters not only in the polarization vector but also in the amplitude part. Our present solution generalizes the dark-bright soliton in the literature with parametric constraints. By exploiting the role of such coupling parameters we are able to control certain interaction effects, namely beating, breathing, bouncing, attraction, jumping, etc., without affecting other soliton parameters. Particularly, the results of the interactions between the bound state dark-bright vector solitons reveal oscillations in their amplitudes under certain parametric choices. A similar kind of effect was also observed experimentally in the BECs. We have also characterized the solutions with complicated structure and nonobvious wrinkle to define polarization vector, envelope speed, envelope width, envelope amplitude, grayness, and complex modulation. It is interesting to identify that the polarization vector of the dark-bright one-soliton evolves on a spherical surface instead of a hyperboloid surface as in the bright-bright case of the mixed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manikandan
- Mount Zion College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkottai - 622 507, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- P. G. and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Aravinthan
- Angel College of Engineering and Technology, Tirupur - 641 665, Tamilnadu, India
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Gupta P, Chullikana A, Rajkumar M, Krishna M, Dutta S, Sarkar U, Desai S, Radhakrishnan R, Dhar A, Balasubramanian S, Kumar U, Baikunje U, Prasanth K, Anthony N, Majumdar A. Role of bone marrow derived allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (stempeucel ®) in critical limb ischemia due to buerger's disease – efficacy and safety results of non-randomized, open label, multicentric, dose ranging, phase ii study in India. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Radhakrishnan R, Prabuseenivasan S, Balaji S, Sankar U, Thomas A, Kumar V, Selvakumar N. Blinded rechecking of acid-fast bacilli smears by light-emitting diode microscopy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:1220-3. [PMID: 23928170 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blinded rechecking of auramine-stained acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum smears using fluorescence microscopy (FM), especially FM using light-emitting diode (LED), is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the rechecking of auramine-stained sputum smears without restaining within a month using LED FM. METHODS A total of 4799 centrifuged smears of sputum samples were stained by the auramine phenol method and examined using LED FM; 564 systematically selected smears were subjected to blinded rechecking without restaining by controllers. The initial results of the readers were compared to those of the controllers. Discrepancies were resolved by a referee. The quality of LED FM was assessed by the referee using the culture result as gold standard. RESULTS Among the rechecked smears, one high false-negative error was made by a reader, while one high false-positive error and 19 high false-negative errors were made by the controllers. The errors were resolved by culture. Smear results for 18 slides were not available due to AFB fading. CONCLUSION AFB colour fading using LED FM, which affected the accurate evaluation of blinded rechecking of AFB smears without restaining within a month, is confirmed in this large study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetput, Chennai, India
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Uma B, Ayyaswamy PS, Radhakrishnan R, Eckmann DM. MODELING OF A NANOPARTICLE MOTION IN A NEWTONIAN FLUID: A COMPARISON BETWEEN FLUCTUATING HYDRODYNAMICS AND GENERALIZED LANGEVIN PROCEDURES. Proc ASME Micro Nanoscale Heat Mass Transf Int Conf (2012) 2013; 2012:735-743. [PMID: 25621317 DOI: 10.1115/mnhmt2012-75019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A direct numerical simulation adopting an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian based finite element method is employed to simulate the motion of a nanocarrier in a quiescent fluid contained in a cylindrical tube. The nanocarrier is treated as a solid sphere. Thermal fluctuations are implemented using two different approaches: (1) fluctuating hydrodynamics; (2) generalized Langevin dynamics (Mittag-Leffler noise). At thermal equilibrium, the numerical predictions for temperature of the nanoparticle, velocity distribution of the particle, decay of the velocity autocorrelation function, diffusivity of the particle and particle-wall interactions are evaluated and compared with analytical results, where available. For a neutrally buoyant nanoparticle of 200 nm radius, the comparisons between the results obtained from the fluctuating hydrodynamics and the generalized Langevin dynamics approaches are provided. Results for particle diffusivity predicted by the fluctuating hydrodynamics approach compare very well with analytical predictions. Ease of computation of the thermostat is obtained with the Langevin approach although the dynamics gets altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Uma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - P S Ayyaswamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - D M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Radhakrishnan R, Uma B, Liu J, Ayyaswamy PS, Eckmann DM. Temporal Multiscale Approach for Nanocarrier Motion with Simultaneous Adhesion and Hydrodynamic Interactions in Targeted Drug Delivery. J Comput Phys 2013; 244:252-263. [PMID: 23853388 PMCID: PMC3706300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a fluctuating hydrodynamics approach and a hybrid approach combining fluctuating hydrodynamics with generalized Langevin dynamics to resolve the motion of a nanocarrier when subject to both hydrodynamic interactions and adhesive interactions. Specifically, using these approaches, we compute equilibrium probability distributions at constant temperature as well as velocity autocorrelation functions of the nanocarrier subject to thermal motion in a quiescent Newtonian fluid medium, when tethered by a harmonic spring force mimicking a tether due to a single receptor-ligand bond. We demonstrate that the thermal equipartition of translation, rotation, and spring degrees of freedom are preserved by our formalism while simultaneously resolving the nature of the hydrodynamic correlations. Additionally, we evaluate the potential of mean force (or free energy density) along a specified reaction coordinate to faciltate extensive conformational sampling of the nanocarrier motion. We show that our results are in excellent agreement with analytical results and Monte Carlo simulations, thereby validating our methodologies. The frameworks we have presented provide a comprehensive platform for temporal multiscale modeling of hydrodynamic and microscopic interactions mediating nanocarrier motion and adhesion in vascular targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - B. Uma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - P. S. Ayyaswamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - D. M. Eckmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corresponding author:
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Maheshwari P, Chandrashekhar C, Radhakrishnan R. Vascularized mandibular anterior ameloblastoma - an entity still unresolved. Minerva Stomatol 2013; 62:183-188. [PMID: 23715203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized ameloblastoma is a bewildering entity whose existence is questionable from its origin to nosology and its very characterization as a distinct variant of ameloblastoma. This uncertainty is largely because of a fewer number of documented cases and loss of long-term follow-up. The current paper describes two cases of ameloblastoma in the mandibular anterior region, which had features of so-called "hemangiomatous ameloblastoma" as it was originally described. Understanding its pathophysiology based on various views and clinical implications in terms of its biologic behavior are brought to light in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maheshwari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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Uma B, Radhakrishnan R, Eckmann DM, Ayyaswamy PS. Nanocarrier-Cell Surface Adhesive and Hydrodynamic Interactions: Ligand-Receptor Bond Sensitivity Study. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2013; 3:310101-310108. [PMID: 23917171 DOI: 10.1115/1.4007522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid approach combining fluctuating hydrodynamics with generalized Langevin dynamics is employed to study the motion of a neutrally buoyant nanocarrier in an incompressible Newtonian stationary fluid medium. Both hydrodynamic interactions and adhesive interactions are included, as are different receptor-ligand bond constants relevant to medical applications. A direct numerical simulation adopting an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian based finite element method is employed for the simulation. The flow around the particle and its motion are fully resolved. The temperatures of the particle associated with the various degrees of freedom satisfy the equipartition theorem. The potential of mean force (or free energy density) along a specified reaction coordinate for the harmonic (spring) interactions between the antibody and antigen is evaluated for two different bond constants. The numerical evaluations show excellent comparison with analytical results. This temporal multiscale modeling of hydrodynamic and microscopic interactions mediating nanocarrier motion and adhesion has important implications for designing nanocarriers for vascular targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Uma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 e-mail:
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Uma B, Radhakrishnan R, Eckmann DM, Ayyaswamy PS. A hybrid approach for the simulation of a nearly neutrally buoyant nanoparticle thermal motion in an incompressible Newtonian fluid medium. J Heat Transfer 2013; 135:0110111-0110119. [PMID: 23814315 PMCID: PMC3691872 DOI: 10.1115/1.4007668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid scheme based on Markovian fluctuating hydrodynamics of the fluid and a non-Markovian Langevin dynamics with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise perturbing the translational and rotational equations of motion of a nanoparticle is employed to study the thermal motion of a nearly neutrally buoyant nanoparticle in an incompressible Newtonian fluid medium. A direct numerical simulation adopting an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian based finite element method is employed in simulating the thermal motion of the particle suspended in the fluid contained in a cylindrical vessel. The instantaneous flow around the particle and the particle motion are fully resolved. The numerical results show that (a) the calculated temperature of the nearly neutrally buoyant Brownian particle in a quiescent fluid satisfies the equipartition theorem; (b) the translational and rotational decay of the velocity autocorrelation functions result in algebraic tails, over long time; (c) the translational and rotational mean square displacements of the particle obeys Stokes-Einstein and Stokes-Einstein-Debye relations, respectively; and (d) the parallel and perpendicular diffusivities of the particle closer to the wall are consistent with the analytical results, where available. The study has important implications for designing nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Uma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104e-mail:
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104e-mail:
| | - D. M. Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104e-mail:
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Kumar RS, Indra M, Radhakrishnan R. Selection of Mixed Sampling Plan with QSS-1(n; c<sub>N</sub>, c<sub>T</sub>) Plan as Attribute Plan Indexed Through MAPD and LQL. J Mod App Stat Meth 2012. [DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1351742820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Indra
- Muthayammal College of Arts & Science, Rasipuram, India
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Yang L, Mailloux A, Rollison DE, Painter JS, Maciejewski J, Paquette RL, Loughran TP, McGraw K, Makishima H, Radhakrishnan R, Wei S, Ren X, Komrokji R, List AF, Epling-Burnette PK. Naive T-cells in myelodysplastic syndrome display intrinsic human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) deficiency. Leukemia 2012; 27:897-906. [PMID: 23072779 PMCID: PMC4346223 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized structures providing chromosome integrity during cellular division along with protection against premature senescence and apoptosis. Accelerated telomere attrition in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) occurs by an undefined mechanism. Although the MDS clone originates within the myeloid compartment, T-lymphocytes display repertoire contraction and loss of naive T-cells. The replicative lifespan of T-cells is stringently regulated by telomerase activity. In MDS cases, we show that purified CD3+ T-cells have significantly shorter telomere length and reduced proliferative capacity upon stimulation compared with controls. To understand the mechanism, telomerase enzymatic activity and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), gene expression were compared in MDS cases (n=35) and healthy controls (n=42) within different T-cell compartments. Telomerase activity is greatest in naive T-cells illustrating the importance of telomere repair in homeostatic repertoire regulation. Compared with healthy controls, MDS cases had lower telomerase induction (P<0.0001) that correlated with significantly lower hTERT mRNA (P<0.0001), independent of age and disease stratification. hTERT mRNA deficiency affected naive but not memory T-cells, and telomere erosion in MDS occurred without evidence of an hTERT-promoter mutation, copy number variation or deletion. Telomerase insufficiency may undermine homeostatic control within the hematopoietic compartment and promote a change in the T-cell repertoire in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Immunology Program at the H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Radhakrishnan R, Balamurugan P. Construction of control charts based on six sigma Initiatives for Fraction Defectives with varying sample size. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09720510.2012.10701633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Uma B, Ayyaswamy PS, Radhakrishnan R, Eckmann DM. Fluctuating Hydrodynamics Approach for the Simulation of Nanoparticle Brownian Motion in a Newtonian Fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:13-20. [PMID: 23950764 DOI: 10.1260/1759-3093.3.1-2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Brownian motion of a nanoparticle in an incompressible Newtonian fluid (quiescent or fully developed Poiseuille flow) has been investigated with an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian based finite element method. Results for the motion in a compressible fluid medium are estimated. Thermal fluctuations from the fluid are implemented using a fluctuating hydrodynamics approach. The instantaneous flow around the particle and the particle motion are fully resolved. Carriers of two different sizes with three different densities have been investigated (nearly neutrally buoyant). The numerical results show that (a) the calculated temperature of the nearly neutrally buoyant Brownian particle in a quiescent fluid satisfies the equipartition theorem; (b) the translational and rotational decay of the velocity autocorrelation functions result in algebraic tails, over long time; (c) the translational and rotational mean square displacements of the particle obeys Stokes-Einstein and Stokes-Einstein-Debye relations, respectively. Larger the particle, longer the time taken to attain this limit; and (d) the parallel and perpendicular diffusivities of the particle closer to the wall are consistent with the analytical results, where available.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Uma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Radhakrishnan R, Kumar MMP, Prabuseenivasan S, Anbarasu S, Nagarajan P, Devisangamithirai M, Sivagamasundari S, Ponnuraja C, Kumar V, Selvakumar N. Assessment of panel slides prepared by phenol ammonium sulphate and NALC methods for proficiency testing. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:394-7. [PMID: 22640453 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing methods for the preparation of panel slides necessitate handling high-grade acid-fast bacilli positive sputum samples. OBJECTIVE To compare panel slides prepared using the phenol ammonium sulphate sediment (PhAS) method with those prepared using the N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) method in proficiency testing. METHODS Pooled sputum specimens of known smear-positives and -negatives were divided into two parts: one part was used for preparing panel slides using the NALC method and the other using PhAS, a non-hazardous method. Respectively 413 and 384 smears of different grades were prepared in three batches using the PhAS and NALC methods. Smear grade and quality were recorded by 121 microscopists during proficiency testing in different states. Agreement between reference and reported results was analysed using the kappa test. RESULTS The overall agreement was 96% for the PhAS method and 91% for the NALC method. There were 37 errors using the NALC method compared to 21 for the PhAS method (P < 0.223). Smear quality was equally good in both methods; however, the cell count was significantly higher in the PhAS than in the NALC method. CONCLUSION The PhAS method, a non-hazardous procedure with good-quality smears, may be further explored for the preparation of panel slides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Uma B, Eckmann D, Ayyaswamy P, Radhakrishnan R. A hybrid formalism combining fluctuating hydrodynamics and generalized Langevin dynamics for the simulation of nanoparticle thermal motion in an incompressible fluid medium. Mol Phys 2012; 110:1057-1067. [PMID: 22865935 PMCID: PMC3410742 DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.663510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel hybrid scheme based on Markovian fluctuating hydrodynamics of the fluid and a non-Markovian Langevin dynamics with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise perturbing the translational and rotational equations of motion of the nanoparticle is employed to study the thermal motion of a nanoparticle in an incompressible Newtonian fluid medium. A direct numerical simulation adopting an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) based finite element method (FEM) is employed in simulating the thermal motion of a particle suspended in the fluid confined in a cylindrical vessel. The results for thermal equilibrium between the particle and the fluid are validated by comparing the numerically predicted temperature of the nanoparticle with that obtained from the equipartition theorem. The nature of the hydrodynamic interactions is verified by comparing the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) and mean squared displacement (MSD) with well-known analytical results. For nanoparticle motion in an incompressible fluid, the fluctuating hydrodynamics approach resolves the hydrodynamics correctly but does not impose the correct equipartition of energy based on the nanoparticle mass because of the added mass of the displaced fluid. In contrast, the Langevin approach with an appropriate memory is able to show the correct equipartition of energy, but not the correct short- and long-time hydrodynamic correlations. Using our hybrid approach presented here, we show for the first time, that we can simultaneously satisfy the equipartition theorem and the (short- and long-time) hydrodynamic correlations. In effect, this results in a thermostat that also simultaneously preserves the true hydrodynamic correlations. The significance of this result is that our new algorithm provides a robust computational approach to explore nanoparticle motion in arbitrary geometries and flow fields, while simultaneously enabling us to study carrier adhesion mediated by biological reactions (receptor-ligand interactions) at the vessel wall at a specified finite temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Uma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - D.M. Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - P.S. Ayyaswamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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