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Lu DCY, Wadud R, Hannemann A, Rees DC, Brewin JN, Gibson JS. Pathophysiological Relevance of Renal Medullary Conditions on the Behaviour of Red Cells From Patients With Sickle Cell Anaemia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:653545. [PMID: 33815154 PMCID: PMC8017214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.653545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red cells from patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) contain the abnormal haemoglobin HbS. Under hypoxic conditions, HbS polymerises and causes red cell sickling, a rise in intracellular Ca2+ and exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). These changes make sickle cells sticky and liable to lodge in the microvasculature, and so reduce their lifespan. The aim of the present work was to investigate how the peculiar conditions found in the renal medulla - hypoxia, acidosis, lactate, hypertonicity and high levels of urea - affect red cell behaviour. Results show that the first four conditions all increased sickling and PS exposure. The presence of urea at levels found in a healthy medulla during antidiuresis, however, markedly reduced sickling and PS exposure and would therefore protect against red cell adherence. Loss of the ability to concentrate urine, which occurs in sickle cell nephropathy would obviate this protective effect and may therefore contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C-Y Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Rees
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - John N Brewin
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Stanley Gibson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wadud R, Hannemann A, Rees DC, Brewin JN, Gibson JS. Yoda1 and phosphatidylserine exposure in red cells from patients with sickle cell anaemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20110. [PMID: 33208899 PMCID: PMC7674503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure is increased in red cells from sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients. Externalised PS is prothrombotic and attractive to phagocytes and activated endothelial cells and thus contributes to the anaemic and ischaemic complications of SCA. The mechanism of PS exposure remains uncertain but it can follow increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Normally, [Ca2+]i is maintained at very low levels but in sickle cells, Ca2+ permeability is increased, especially following deoxygenation and sickling, mediated by a pathway sometimes called Psickle. The molecular identity of Psickle is also unclear but recent work has implicated the mechanosensitive channel, PIEZO1. We used Yoda1, an PIEZO1 agonist, to investigate its role in sickle cells. Yoda1 caused an increase in [Ca2+]i and PS exposure, which was inhibited by its antagonist Dooku1 and the PIEZO1 inhibitor GsMTx4, consistent with functional PIEZO1. However, PS exposure did not necessitate an increase in [Ca2+]i. Two PKC inhibitors were also tested, chelerytherine chloride and calphostin C. Both reduced PS exposure whilst chelerytherine chloride also reduced Yoda1-induced increases in [Ca2+]i. Findings are therefore consistent with the presence of PIEZO1 in sickle cells, able to mediate Ca2+ entry but that PKC was also involved in both Ca2+ entry and PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wadud
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - A Hannemann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - D C Rees
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 5RL, UK
| | - J N Brewin
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 5RL, UK
| | - J S Gibson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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Sharmin O, Abir AH, Potol A, Alam M, Banik J, Rahman AFMT, Tarannum N, Wadud R, Habib ZF, Rahman M. Activation of GPR35 protects against cerebral ischemia by recruiting monocyte-derived macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9400. [PMID: 32523084 PMCID: PMC7287103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pamoic acid is a potent ligand for G protein Coupled Receptor 35 (GPR35) and exhibits antinociceptive property. GPR35 activation leads to increased energy utilization and the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. However, its role in brain disorders, especially in stroke, remains unexplored. Here we show in a mouse model of stroke that GPR35 activation by pamoic acid is neuroprotective. Pharmacological inhibition of GPR35 reveals that pamoic acid reduces infarcts size in a GPR35 dependent manner. The flowcytometric analysis shows the expression of GPR35 on the infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils in the ischemic brain. Pamoic acid treatment results in a preferential increment of noninflammatory Ly-6CLo monocytes/macrophages in the ischemic brain along with the reduced neutrophil counts. The neuroprotective effect of GPR35 activation depends on protein kinase B (Akt) and p38 MAPK. Together we conclude that GPR35 activation by pamoic acid reprograms Ly-6CLo monocytes/macrophages to relay a neuroprotective signal into the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozayra Sharmin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Potol
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Jewel Banik
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Deptartment of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine, UAMS, 4301W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - A F M Towheedur Rahman
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery, Department of chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Nuzhat Tarannum
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Zaki Farhad Habib
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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Rahman MM, Chakraborti RR, Potol MA, Abir AH, Sharmin O, Alam M, Khan MFR, Afrin R, Jannat H, Wadud R, Habib ZF. Epalrestat improves motor symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the reserpine induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:9-21. [PMID: 32318655 PMCID: PMC7167235 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting a large number of elderly people worldwide. The current therapies for PD are symptom-based; they do not provide a cure but improve the quality of life. Muscular dysfunction is the hallmark clinical feature of PD and oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in its pathogenesis. Epalrestat is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and is known to improve antioxidative defense mechanisms in the CNS. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Epalrestat in the reserpine induced mouse model of PD. METHOD We used Swiss Albino mice for the PD model and tested for akinesia/bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, palpebral ptosis, and tremor, as well as conducting swim and open field tests. Brain samples were used to determine oxidative stress parameters and infiltration of immune cells. RESULTS Epalrestat treatment significantly improved akinesia and bradykinesia, muscular dysfunctions, tremor level, and gait functions compared to the reserpine group. It also improved the latency in the swim test. Eplarestat significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and NO concentration in different brain tissues and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, Epalrestat reduced neuroinflammation by reducing the number of infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSION Eplarestat improves muscular dysfunction in PD by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rupali Rani Chakraborti
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Potol
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ozayra Sharmin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Fazlur Rahman Khan
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rownock Afrin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Humayra Jannat
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Zaki Farhad Habib
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Lu DCY, Hannemann A, Wadud R, Rees DC, Brewin JN, Low PS, Gibson JS. The role of WNK in modulation of KCl cotransport activity in red cells from normal individuals and patients with sickle cell anaemia. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1539-1549. [PMID: 31729557 PMCID: PMC6892352 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activity of red cell KCl cotransport (KCC) is involved in pathogenesis of sickle cell anaemia (SCA). KCC-mediated solute loss causes shrinkage, concentrates HbS, and promotes HbS polymerisation. Red cell KCC also responds to various stimuli including pH, volume, urea, and oxygen tension, and regulation involves protein phosphorylation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of the WNK/SPAK/OSR1 pathway in sickle cells. The pan WNK inhibitor WNK463 stimulated KCC with an EC50 of 10.9 ± 1.1 nM and 7.9 ± 1.2 nM in sickle and normal red cells, respectively. SPAK/OSR1 inhibitors had little effect. The action of WNK463 was not additive with other kinase inhibitors (staurosporine and N-ethylmaleimide). Its effects were largely abrogated by pre-treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A. WNK463 also reduced the effects of physiological KCC stimuli (pH, volume, urea) and abolished any response of KCC to changes in oxygen tension. Finally, although protein kinases have been implicated in regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure, WNK463 had no effect. Findings indicate a predominant role for WNKs in control of KCC in sickle cells but an apparent absence of downstream involvement of SPAK/OSR1. A more complete understanding of the mechanisms will inform pathogenesis whilst manipulation of WNK activity represents a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C-Y Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - David C Rees
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - John N Brewin
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John S Gibson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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