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Siuce J, Maturrano L, Wheeler JC, Rosadio R. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal alpacas mainly display F17 fimbriae adhesion gene. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3917-3921. [PMID: 32990930 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal domestic South American Camelid llamas and alpacas suffer from an enteric disease complex characterized by abdominal distention, lethargy, dehydration, and eventual fatal septicemia. Analysis of rectal swabs from neonatal alpacas suffering clinical diarrheas has constantly isolated Escherichia coli, mainly the EPEC and EHEC pathotypes. The present communication reports the results of molecular analysis of 226 E. coli strains from neonatal alpaca rectal swabs. The isolates were initially tested by multiple PCR, to identify E. coli virulence genes eae, bfp, Lt, Stx1, Stx2, sta, stab, and lt genes and a similar test to detect F4, F5, F6, F17, and F41fimbriae adhesin genes. Forty-two of the 226 (18.5%) isolates tested positive for at least one pathogenic gene, 25 of the 42 were classified as EPEC (3 positives for only eae and 22 for both eae and bfp) and the remaining 17 were classified as EHEC. Twenty-four (57%) of the 42 isolates tested positive to F17 adhesin while one was positive for both F6 and F17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Siuce
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Major San Marcos University, Av. Circunvalacion 2800, San Borja, Lima, Peru.
| | - Lenin Maturrano
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Major San Marcos University, Av. Circunvalacion 2800, San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Jane C Wheeler
- CONOPA- Institute for Research and Development of South American Camelids, Av. Reusche M4, Pachacamac, Lima, Peru
| | - Raul Rosadio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Major San Marcos University, Av. Circunvalacion 2800, San Borja, Lima, Peru
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2
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Rojas M, Dias HG, Gonçalves JLS, Manchego A, Rosadio R, Pezo D, Santos N. Genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of rotavirus A strains in the southern Andean highlands, Peru. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1718-1726. [PMID: 31002476 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies transmission is an important mechanism of evolution and contributes to rotavirus A (RVA) diversity. In order to evaluate the detection frequency, genetic diversity, epidemiological characteristics and zoonotic potential of RVA strains in faecal specimens from humans and animals cohabiting in the same environment in the department of Cusco, Peru, by molecular analysis, 265 faecal specimens were obtained from alpacas, llamas, sheep and shepherd children, and tested for RVA by RT-PCR. Genotyping was performed by multiplex PCR and sequence analysis. Rotavirus A was detected in 20.3% of alpaca, 47.5% of llama, 100% of sheep and 33.3% of human samples. The most common genetic constellations were G3-P[40]-I8-E3-H6 in alpacas, G1/G3-P[8]-I1-E1-H1 in llamas, G1/G3/G35-P[1]/P[8]-I1-E1-H1 in sheep and G3-P[40]-I1/I8-E3-H1 in humans. The newly described genotypes P[40] and P[50] were identified in all host species, including humans. Genotyping showed that the majority of samples presented coinfection with two or more RVA strains. These data demonstrate the great genetic diversity of RVA in animals and humans in Cusco, Peru. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the strains represent zoonotic transmission among the species studied. Due to the characteristics of the human and animal populations in this study (cohabitation of different host species in conditions of poor sanitation and hygiene), the occurrence of zoonoses is a real possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rojas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Helver G Dias
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz S Gonçalves
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Manchego
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Raul Rosadio
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Danilo Pezo
- Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura, Cusco, Peru
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Casey CS, Orozco-terWengel P, Yaya K, Kadwell M, Fernández M, Marín JC, Rosadio R, Maturrano L, Hoces D, Hu Y, Wheeler JC, Bruford MW. Comparing genetic diversity and demographic history in co-distributed wild South American camelids. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:387-400. [PMID: 30061581 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vicuñas and guanacos are two species of wild South American camelids that are key ruminants in the ecosystems where they occur. Although closely related, these species feature differing ecologies and life history characters, which are expected to influence both their genetic diversity and population differentiation at different spatial scales. Here, using mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic markers, we show that vicuña display lower genetic diversity within populations than guanaco but exhibit more structure across their Peruvian range, which may reflect a combination of natural genetic differentiation linked to geographic isolation and recent anthropogenic population declines. Coalescent-based demographic analyses indicate that both species have passed through a strong bottleneck, reducing their effective population sizes from over 20,000 to less than 1000 individuals. For vicuña, this bottleneck is inferred to have taken place ~3300 years ago, but to have occurred more recently for guanaco at ~2000 years ago. These inferred dates are considerably later than the onset of domestication (when the alpaca was domesticated from the vicuña while the llama was domesticated from the guanaco), coinciding instead with a major human population expansion following the mid-Holocene cold period. As importantly, they imply earlier declines than the well-documented Spanish conquest, where major mass mortality events were recorded for Andean human and camelid populations. We argue that underlying species' differences and recent demographic perturbations have influenced genetic diversity in modern vicuña and guanaco populations, and these processes should be carefully evaluated in the development and implementation of management strategies for these important genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Casey
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Riseholme Park, Lincoln, LN2 2LG, UK
| | - P Orozco-terWengel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - K Yaya
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Avenida Reusche Mz. M Lt. 4, Pachacamac, Lima 19, Peru
| | - M Kadwell
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - M Fernández
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Avenida Reusche Mz. M Lt. 4, Pachacamac, Lima 19, Peru
| | - J C Marín
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío - Bío, Casilla 447, Chillan, Chile
| | - R Rosadio
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Avenida Reusche Mz. M Lt. 4, Pachacamac, Lima 19, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - L Maturrano
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Avenida Reusche Mz. M Lt. 4, Pachacamac, Lima 19, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - D Hoces
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Avenida Reusche Mz. M Lt. 4, Pachacamac, Lima 19, Peru
| | - Y Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichen West Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - J C Wheeler
- CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Avenida Reusche Mz. M Lt. 4, Pachacamac, Lima 19, Peru.
| | - M W Bruford
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK. .,CONOPA, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos, Avenida Reusche Mz. M Lt. 4, Pachacamac, Lima 19, Peru.
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Miller AD, De Las Heras M, Yu J, Zhang F, Liu SL, Vaughan AE, Vaughan TL, Rosadio R, Rocca S, Palmieri G, Goedert JJ, Fujimoto J, Wistuba II. Evidence against a role for jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus in human lung cancer. Retrovirology 2017; 14:3. [PMID: 28107820 PMCID: PMC5248497 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes a contagious lung cancer in sheep and goats that can be transmitted by aerosols produced by infected animals. Virus entry into cells is initiated by binding of the viral envelope (Env) protein to a specific cell-surface receptor, Hyal2. Unlike almost all other retroviruses, the JSRV Env protein is also a potent oncoprotein and is responsible for lung cancer in animals. Of concern, Hyal2 is a functional receptor for JSRV in humans. Results We show here that JSRV is fully capable of infecting human cells, as measured by its reverse transcription and persistence in the DNA of cultured human cells. Several studies have indicated a role for JSRV in human lung cancer while other studies dispute these results. To further investigate the role of JSRV in human lung cancer, we used highly-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies and a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against JSRV Env to test for JSRV expression in human lung cancer. JSRV Env expression was undetectable in lung cancers from 128 human subjects, including 73 cases of bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC; currently reclassified as lung invasive adenocarcinoma with a predominant lepidic component), a lung cancer with histology similar to that found in JSRV-infected sheep. The BAC samples included 8 JSRV DNA-positive samples from subjects residing in Sardinia, Italy, where sheep farming is prevalent and JSRV is present. We also tested for neutralizing antibodies in sera from 138 Peruvians living in an area where sheep farming is prevalent and JSRV is present, 24 of whom were directly exposed to sheep, and found none. Conclusions We conclude that while JSRV can infect human cells, JSRV plays little if any role in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dusty Miller
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,, 17915 Edmundson Rd, Sisters, OR, 97759, USA.
| | | | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Canter, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fushun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Canter, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Canter, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raul Rosadio
- Veterinary Faculty, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Stefano Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Luna L, Brandão PE, Maturrano L, Rosadio R, Silva FDF, Soares RM, Gregori F. Betacoronavirus 1 in alpacas ( Vicugna pacos) in the High Peruvian Andes. Small Rumin Res 2015; 133:7-9. [PMID: 32288207 PMCID: PMC7127686 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The detection of a BCoV-like coronavirus in fecal samples from Peruvian alpacas crias suggests possible role of this virus on enteric disorders etiology in the High Andes, an environment in which coronaviruses have not previously been reported.
Genetic sequences highly related to Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) were detected in fecal samples from Peruvian 1–3 week old alpaca crias located on six farms in Puno department, some of which shared pastures with cattle. A total of 60 samples were screened for coronavirus using a nested PCR amplification of a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Sequences from 11 positive samples were highly similar to the Kakegawa, Quebec and Mebus BCoV strains (99.5–100.0%) and 99.2% identical to an alpaca Coronavirus (CoV) previously detected in the USA. The detection of genetic sequences related to BCoV from Peruvian alpaca crias suggests possible role of this virus on enteric disorders etiology in the High Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Luna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P E Brandão
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Maturrano
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Circunvalación 2800, San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - R Rosadio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Circunvalación 2800, San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - F D F Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Soares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Gregori
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
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Rosadio R, Cirilo E, Manchego A, Rivera H. Respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses coexisting with Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia hemolytica in acute pneumonias of neonatal alpacas. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marín JC, Casey CS, Kadwell M, Yaya K, Hoces D, Olazabal J, Rosadio R, Rodriguez J, Spotorno A, Bruford MW, Wheeler JC. Mitochondrial phylogeography and demographic history of the Vicuña: implications for conservation. Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 99:70-80. [PMID: 17426731 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna; Miller, 1924) is a conservation success story, having recovered from near extinction in the 1960s to current population levels estimated at 275,000. However, lack of information about its demographic history and genetic diversity has limited both our understanding of its recovery and the development of science-based conservation measures. To examine the evolution and recent demographic history of the vicuña across its current range and to assess its genetic variation and population structure, we sequenced mitochondrial DNA from the control region (CR) for 261 individuals from 29 populations across Peru, Chile and Argentina. Our results suggest that populations currently designated as Vicugna vicugna vicugna and Vicugna vicugna mensalis comprise separate mitochondrial lineages. The current population distribution appears to be the result of a recent demographic expansion associated with the last major glacial event of the Pleistocene in the northern (18 to 22 degrees S) dry Andes 14-12,000 years ago and the establishment of an extremely arid belt known as the 'Dry Diagonal' to 29 degrees S. Within the Dry Diagonal, small populations of V. v. vicugna appear to have survived showing the genetic signature of demographic isolation, whereas to the north V. v. mensalis populations underwent a rapid demographic expansion before recent anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Marín
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillán, Chile.
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Kadwell M, Fernandez M, Stanley HF, Baldi R, Wheeler JC, Rosadio R, Bruford MW. Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca. Proc Biol Sci 2001; 268:2575-84. [PMID: 11749713 PMCID: PMC1088918 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The origins of South America's domestic alpaca and llama remain controversial due to hybridization, near extirpation during the Spanish conquest and difficulties in archaeological interpretation. Traditionally, the ancestry of both forms is attributed to the guanaco, while the vicuña is assumed never to have been domesticated. Recent research has, however, linked the alpaca to the vicuña, dating domestication to 6000-7000 years before present in the Peruvian Andes. Here, we examine in detail the genetic relationships between the South American camelids in order to determine the origins of the domestic forms, using mitochondrial (mt) and microsatellite DNA. MtDNA analysis places 80% of llama and alpaca sequences in the guanaco lineage, with those possessing vicuña mtDNA being nearly all alpaca or alpaca-vicuña hybrids. We also examined four microsatellites in wild known-provenance vicuña and guanaco, including two loci with non-overlapping allele size ranges in the wild species. In contrast to the mtDNA, these markers show high genetic similarity between alpaca and vicuña, and between llama and guanaco, although bidirectional hybridization is also revealed. Finally, combined marker analysis on a subset of samples confirms the microsatellite interpretation and suggests that the alpaca is descended from the vicuña, and should be reclassified as Vicugna pacos. This result has major implications for the future management of wild and domestic camelids in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kadwell
- Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
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