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Borg RE, Ozbakir HF, Xu B, Li E, Fang X, Peng H, Chen IA, Mukherjee A. Genetically engineered filamentous phage for bacterial detection using magnetic resonance imaging. Sens Diagn 2023; 2:948-955. [PMID: 38405385 PMCID: PMC10888512 DOI: 10.1039/d3sd00026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Detecting bacterial cells with high specificity in deep tissues is challenging. Optical probes provide specificity, but are limited by the scattering and absorption of light in biological tissues. Conversely, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows unfettered access to deep tissues, but lacks contrast agents for detecting specific bacterial strains. Here, we introduce a biomolecular platform that combines both capabilities by exploiting the modularity of M13 phage to target bacteria with tunable specificity and allow deep-tissue imaging using T1-weighted MRI. We engineered two types of phage probes: one for detecting the phage's natural host, viz., F-pilus expressing E. coli; and the other for detecting a different (F-negative) bacterial target, V. cholerae. We show that these phage sensors generate 3-9-fold stronger T1 relaxation upon recognizing target cells relative to non-target bacteria. We further establish a preliminary proof-of-concept for in vivo applications, by demonstrating that phage-labeled bacteria can be detected in mice using MRI. The framework developed in this study may have potential utility in a broad range of applications, from basic biomedical research to in situ diagnostics, which require methods to detect and track specific bacteria in the context of intact living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E Borg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Harun F Ozbakir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Binzhi Xu
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Eugene Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Xiwen Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Huan Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Irene A Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Peng H, Borg RE, Nguyen ABN, Chen IA. Chimeric Phage Nanoparticles for Rapid Characterization of Bacterial Pathogens: Detection in Complex Biological Samples and Determination of Antibiotic Sensitivity. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1491-1499. [PMID: 32314570 PMCID: PMC7266372 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria in drink, food, and clinical samples is an important goal for public health. In addition, rapid characterization of antibiotic susceptibility could inform clinical choices and improve antibiotic stewardship. We previously reported a straightforward, inexpensive strategy to detect Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli, taking advantage of the high affinity and specificity of phages for their bacterial hosts. Chimeric phages targeted different bacterial pathogens, and thiolation of the phages induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), leading to a visible colorimetric response in the presence of at least ∼100 cells of the target bacteria. Here, we apply this strategy to complex biological samples (milk, urine, and swabs from a porcine ex vivo model of P. aeruginosa infection). We also show that this assay can be used to identify the antibiotic susceptibility profile based on detection of bacterial growth in the presence of different antibiotics. The prospect for using phage-conjugated AuNPs to detect bacterial pathogens in clinical samples and guide antibiotic choice is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Raymond E. Borg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anna B. N. Nguyen
- Program
in Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Irene A. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Program
in Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Borg RE, Rochford J. Molecular Photoacoustic Contrast Agents: Design Principles & Applications. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1175-1209. [PMID: 29953628 PMCID: PMC6252265 DOI: 10.1111/php.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly growing field which offers high spatial resolution and high contrast for deep-tissue imaging in vivo. PAI is nonionizing and noninvasive and combines the optical resolution of fluorescence imaging with the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. In particular, the development of exogenous PA contrast agents has gained significant momentum of late with a vastly expanding complexity of dye materials under investigation ranging from small molecules to macromolecular proteins, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles. The goal of this review is to survey the current state of the art in molecular photoacoustic contrast agents (MPACs) for applications in biomedical imaging. The fundamental design principles of MPACs are presented and a review of prior reports spanning from early-to-current literature is put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Rochford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125
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Borg RE, Hatamimoslehabadi M, Bellinger S, La J, Mithila F, Yelleswarapu C, Rochford J. Photophysical and Photoacoustic Properties of π-Extended Curcumin Dyes. Effects of the Terminal Dimethylamino Electron-donor and the Bridging Aryl Ring. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:280-292. [PMID: 29989174 DOI: 10.1111/php.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysical and photoacoustic characterization for a series of nine π-extended quadrupolar curcumin dyes is presented. A systematic evaluation of the π-bridging unit including the p-phenyl, naphth-4-yl, thien-2-yl and hybrid 4-naphthathien-2-yl groups is presented. Furthermore, evaluation of the strongly donating donor-π-acceptor-π-donor quadrupolar dimethylamino terminated derivatives is also included. Select dyes exhibit excited state absorption at increased laser fluence which translates to the production of a nonlinear enhanced photoacoustic response. In particular, the bis-4-dimethylaminonaphtha-2-thien-5-yl curcuminBF2 contrast agent DMA-5 exhibits an excellent molar photoacoustics (PA) emission at both low (9.4 × 103 V M-1 ) and high (1.47 × 105 V M-1 ) laser fluence which is confirmed by its strong contrast by photoacoustic tomography (PAT). In summary, the strong absorbance and enhanced photoacoustic properties of naphthyl and thienyl curcuminoids here presented provides great promise for future photoacoustic imaging applications as demonstrated by preliminary PAT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E Borg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey La
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA
| | - Farha Mithila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jonathan Rochford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA
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Bellinger S, Hatamimoslehabadi M, Borg RE, La J, Catsoulis P, Mithila F, Yelleswarapu C, Rochford J. Characterization of a NIR absorbing thienyl curcumin contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6352-6355. [PMID: 29868656 PMCID: PMC6082415 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a bis(2-dimethylaminothien-5-yl)curcumin boron difluoride chromophore is presented. Photophysical, electrochemical and computational investigations establish the properties of its absorption in the Vis-NIR spectral range relative to established curcumin dyes. Application of this thienyl curcumin dye as a photoacoustic contrast agent is investigated against the dicarbocyanine Cy5 dye in the 675-735 nm excitation range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bellinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
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