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Elabd H, Faggio C, Mahboub HH, Emam MA, Kamel S, El Kammar R, Abdelnaeim NS, Shaheen A, Tresnakova N, Matter A. Mucuna pruriens seeds extract boosts growth, immunity, testicular histology, and expression of immune-related genes of mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:672-680. [PMID: 35817363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have received increased attention in sustainable aquaculture. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the dietary effects of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed extract on growth performance, immune status, hepatic function, biochemical profiles, gonadal histology, and expression of immune-related genes in mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were allocated into four groups and received MP at rates of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 g/kg diet, respectively, for 90 days. The results revealed that MP significantly (P<0.05) modulated growth performance (specific growth rate, final length, and length gain rate, body mass gain, and feed conversion ratio), lysozyme activity, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT). However, a non-significant effect on nitric oxide (NO) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels was detected, whereas the dietary inclusion of MP had a hypoglycemic effect. In terms of plasma globulin, albumin, globulin/albumin ratio, and cortisol, the MP receiving groups showed insignificant difference (P<0.05) when compared to controls, except for the 2 g MP-supplemented group. The lower inclusion concentration of MP (2 g/kg diet) demonstrated the best result (P < 0.05) for gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma testosterone level that was consistent with the histological findings reflecting an improvement in the testicular development compared with the control group. Expressions of complement component (C5) and interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) genes were significantly up-regulated in MP receiving groups. In conclusion, M. pruriens can be used as a safe natural economic feed additive and a low inclusion level of 2 g/kg diet is recommended to improve growth, enhance immunity, maintain liver functioning, improve testicular development, and to modulate immune-related genes in the mono-sex O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Elabd
- Department of Aquatic Animals' Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S, Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | | | - Samar Kamel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Reda El Kammar
- Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Noha S Abdelnaeim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Adel Shaheen
- Department of Aquatic Animals' Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Nikola Tresnakova
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, The University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Aya Matter
- Department of Aquatic Animals' Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
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