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Ghoreyshi SM, Omri B, Chalghoumi R, Bouyeh M, Seidavi A, Dadashbeiki M, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Hoven RVD, Santini A. Correction: Ghoreyshi, S.M.; et al. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of L-Carnitine and Excess Lysine-Methionine on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Immunity Markers of Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090608. [PMID: 31455043 PMCID: PMC6770062 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
L-carnitine as well as lysine and methionine are amino acids of important nutritional and nutraceutical interest and are used in nutritional strategies as dietary supplements to improve feed quality characteristics in animals and broiler chicken in particular. This study investigated the effect of different levels of L-carnitine and extra levels of lysine-methionine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and some immune system markers. Two hundred seventy male Ross 308 broilers were a fed control diet (C) and eight different diets supplemented with an excess of amino acids. In the experimental diets, identified as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8, extra L-carnitine, lysine, and methionine were added in excess with respect to the American National Research Council (NRC) recommendations: L-carnitine equal to NRC (D1), control diet supplemented with lysine at 30% in excess of NRC, methionine at 30% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine equal to NRC (D2), control diet supplemented with lysine equal to NRC, methionine equal to NRC, and L-carnitine at 15% in excess of NRC (D3), control diet supplemented control diet supplemented with lysine at 15% in excess of NRC, methionine at 15% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 15% in excess of NRC (D4), control diet supplemented lysine at 30% in excess of NRC, methionine at 30% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 15% in excess of NRC (D5), control diet supplemented with lysine equal to NRC recommendations, methionine equal to NRC recommendations, and L-carnitine at 75% in excess of NRC (D6), control diet supplemented with lysine at 15% in excess of NRC, methionine at 15% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 75% in excess of NRC (D7); and control diet supplemented with lysine at 30% in excess of NRC, methionine at 30% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 75% in excess of NRC (D8). During the starter and growth phases, feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). By contrast, body weight and FCR were both affected (p < 0.01) during the starter period. During the finisher phase, feed consumption was affected (p < 0.05) by dietary treatment. Feed intake of broilers fed on C, D3, D6, and D7 were statistically similar (p > 0.05) (1851.90, 1862.00, 1945.10, and 1872.80 g/pen/day, respectively) and were higher (p < 0.05) than 1564.40 g/pen/day (D5). With the exception of drumsticks, neck, back thoracic vertebrae, and proventriculus weights, the economical carcass segments were not affected (p > 0.05) by the dietary supplementation of amino acids. Duodenum and ileum weights and lengths decreased with amino acid supplementation (p < 0.05). IgT and IgG titers against Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) for both primary and secondary responses were not affected by dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary amino acids supplementation did not affect IgM titer after the secondary challenge (p > 0.05) and had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on serum antibody titers in broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease (NCD) and Gumboro 's disease at the 27th and 30th days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besma Omri
- Laboratory of Improvement and Integrated Development of Animal Productivity and Food Resources, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7000, Tunisia
| | - Raja Chalghoumi
- Laboratory of Improvement and Integrated Development of Animal Productivity and Food Resources, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7000, Tunisia
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 43, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 43, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Dadashbeiki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 43, Iran
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Rene van den Hoven
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Veterinarmedizinische Universitat, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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Ghoreyshi SM, Omri B, Chalghoumi R, Bouyeh M, Seidavi A, Dadashbeiki M, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, van den Hoven R, Santini A. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of L-Carnitine and Excess Lysine-Methionine on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Immunity Markers of Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060362. [PMID: 31208135 PMCID: PMC6616641 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
L-carnitine as well as lysine and methionine are amino acids of important nutritional and nutraceutical interest and are used in nutritional strategies as diet supplements to improve feed quality characteristics in animals and broiler chicken in particular. This study investigated the effect of different levels of L-carnitine and extra levels of lysine-methionine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and some immune system markers. Two hundred seventy male Ross 308 broilers were a fed control diet (C) and eight different diets supplemented with an excess of amino acids. In the experimental diets, identified as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8, extra L-carnitine, lysine, and methionine were added in excess with respect to the American National Research Council (NRC) recommendations: L-carnitine equal to NRC (D1); control diet supplemented with lysine at 30% in excess of NRC, methionine at 30% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine equal to NRC (D2); control diet supplemented with lysine equal to NRC, methionine equal to NRC, and L-carnitine at 15% in excess of NRC (D3); control diet supplemented control diet supplemented with lysine at 15% in excess of NRC, methionine at 15% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 15% in excess of NRC (D4); control diet supplemented lysine at 30% in excess of NRC, methionine at 30% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 15% in excess of NRC (D5); control diet supplemented with lysine equal to NRC recommendations, methionine equal to NRC recommendations, and L-carnitine at 75% in excess of NRC (D6); control diet supplemented with lysine at 15% in excess of NRC, methionine at 15% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 75% in excess of NRC (D7); and control diet supplemented with lysine at 30% in excess of NRC, methionine at 30% in excess of NRC, and L-carnitine at 75% in excess of NRC (D8). During the starter and growth phases, feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). By contrast, body weight and FCR were both affected (p < 0.001) during the starter period. During the finisher phase, feed consumption was affected (p < 0.05) by dietary treatment. Feed intake of broilers fed on C, D3, D6, and D7 were statistically similar (p > 0.05) (1851.90, 1862.00, 1945.10, and 1872.80 g/pen/day, respectively) and were higher (p < 0.05) than 1564.40 g/pen/day (D5). With the exception of drumsticks, neck, back thoracic vertebrae, and proventriculus weights, economical carcass segments were not affected (p > 0.05) by the dietary supplementation of amino acids. Duodenum and ileum weights and lengths decreased with amino acid supplementation (p < 0.05). IgT and IgG titers against Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) for both primary and secondary responses were not affected by dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary amino acids supplementation did not affect IgM titer after the secondary challenge (p > 0.05) and had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on serum antibody titers in broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease (NCD) and Gumboro ‘s disease at the 27th and 30th days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besma Omri
- Laboratory of Improvement and Integrated Development of Animal Productivity and Food Resources, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7000, Tunisia.
| | - Raja Chalghoumi
- Laboratory of Improvement and Integrated Development of Animal Productivity and Food Resources, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7000, Tunisia.
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 43, Iran.
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 43, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Dadashbeiki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 43, Iran.
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rene van den Hoven
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Veterinarmedizinische Universitat, 1210 Wien, Austria.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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van Galen G, Rijckaert J, Mair T, Amory H, Armengou L, Bezdekova B, Durie I, Findshøj Delany R, Fouché N, Haley L, Hewetson M, van den Hoven R, Kendall A, Malalana F, Muller Cavalleri J, Picavet T, Roscher K, Verwilghen D, Westermann C, Saegerman C. Retrospective evaluation of 155 adult equids and 21 foals with tetanus from Western, Northern, and Central Europe (2000-2014). Part 2: Prognostic assessment. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:697-706. [PMID: 28960891 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify prognostic variables for adult equids and foals with tetanus. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective study (2000-2014). SETTING Twenty Western, Northern, and Central European university teaching hospitals and private referral centers. ANIMALS One hundred fifty-five adult equids and 21 foals with tetanus. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Variables from history and clinical examination were statistically compared between survivors and nonsurvivors (adults: 49 survivors, 85 nonsurvivors; foals: 7 survivors, 10 nonsurvivors). Cases euthanized for financial reasons were excluded. Mortality rates in adults and foals were 68.4% and 66.7%, respectively. Variables associated with survival in adults included: standing, normal intestinal sounds and defecation, voluntarily drinking, eating soft or normal food, lower heart and respiratory rates, high base excess on admission, longer diagnosis time, treatment and hospitalization delay, and mild severity grade. Variables associated with death included: anorexia, dysphagia, dyspnea, low blood potassium concentration on admission, moderate and severe disease grading, development of dysphagia, dyspnea, recumbency and seizures during hospitalization, treatment with glycerol guaiacolate, intravenous fluids, and intravenous glucose solutions. Variables associated with survival in foals included standing on admission, voluntarily eating soft food and drinking, older age, and longer hospitalization delay. Outcome was not different between different tetanus antitoxin (TAT) dosages, although there was a trend of increasing survival rate with increasing TAT dosages. Cases with appropriate vaccination prior to development of tetanus were rare, but had improved outcome and shorter hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Prognosis for equine tetanus is poor with similar outcome and prognostic factors in foals and adults. The prognostic assessment of cases with tetanus provides clinicians with new evidence-based information related to patient management. Several prognostic indicators relate to the ability to eat or drink, and more severe clinical signs relate to poor outcome. Increasing intravenous dosages of TAT has no significant effect on outcome, but the positive trend identified may support a recommendation for high intravenous TAT dosages. Further evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby van Galen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joke Rijckaert
- the Equine Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, United Kingdom
| | - Helene Amory
- The Equine Hospital, Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Lara Armengou
- The Unitat Equina, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbora Bezdekova
- The Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inge Durie
- Evidensia Strömsholm Equine Hospital, Strömsholm, Sweden
| | - Rikke Findshøj Delany
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Fouché
- the Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Haley
- the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Hewetson
- the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Kendall
- the Equine Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uppsala SLU, Sweden
| | - Fernando Malalana
- the Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jessika Muller Cavalleri
- the Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany, De Bosdreef, Moerbeke-Waas, Belgium
| | - Tresemiek Picavet
- the Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany, De Bosdreef, Moerbeke-Waas, Belgium
| | - Katja Roscher
- the Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Denis Verwilghen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornélie Westermann
- the Equine Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claude Saegerman
- The Equine Hospital, Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
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van Galen G, Saegerman C, Rijckaert J, Amory H, Armengou L, Bezdekova B, Durie I, Findshøj Delany R, Fouché N, Haley L, Hewetson M, van den Hoven R, Kendall A, Malalana F, Muller Cavalleri J, Picavet T, Roscher K, Verwilghen D, Wehrli Eser M, Westermann C, Mair T. Retrospective evaluation of 155 adult equids and 21 foals with tetanus in Western, Northern, and Central Europe (2000-2014). Part 1: Description of history and clinical evolution. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:684-696. [PMID: 28960717 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical data of hospitalized adult equids and foals with tetanus. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective study (2000-2014). SETTING Twenty Western, Northern, and Central European university teaching hospitals and private referral centers. ANIMALS One hundred fifty-five adult equids (>6 months) and 21 foals (<6 months) with tetanus. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Information on geographic, annual and seasonal data, demographic- and management-related data, clinical history, clinical examination and blood analysis on admission, complications, treatments, and outcomes were described and statistically compared between adults and foals. The described cases were often young horses. In 4 adult horses, tetanus developed despite appropriate vaccination and in 2 foals despite preventive tetanus antitoxin administration at birth. Castration, hoof abscesses, and wounds were the most common entry sites for adults; umbilical cord infections and wounds for foals. Stiffness was the commonest observed initial clinical sign. Blood analyses frequently revealed an inflammatory response, hemoconcentration, muscle damage, azotemia, negative energy balance, liver damage, and electrolyte and acid base disturbances. Common complications or clinical signs developing during hospitalization included dysphagia, dyspnea, recumbency, hyperthermia, seizures, hyperlipemia, gastrointestinal impactions, dysuria, and laryngeal spasms. Cases were supported with wound debridement, antimicrobial treatment, tetanus antitoxin, muscle spasm and seizure control, analgesia, anti-inflammatory drugs, fluid therapy, and nutritional support. Mortality rates were 68.4% in adult horses and 66.7% in foals. Foals differed from adult horses with respect to months of occurrence, signalment, management-related data, potential causative events, clinical signs on admission, blood analysis, complications, and severity grades. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that rigorously describes a large population of equids affected by tetanus. The information provided is potentially useful to clinicians for early recognition and case management of tetanus in adult horses and foals. Tetanus affects multiple organ systems, requiring broad supportive and intensive care. Neonatal and adult tetanus in the horse should be considered as distinct syndromes, as in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby van Galen
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claude Saegerman
- the Equine Hospital and Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Joke Rijckaert
- the Equine Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helene Amory
- the Equine Hospital and Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Lara Armengou
- the Unitat Equina, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbora Bezdekova
- the Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inge Durie
- Evidensia Strömsholm Equine Hospital, Strömsholm, Sweden
| | - Rikke Findshøj Delany
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Fouché
- the Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Haley
- the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Hewetson
- the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Kendall
- the Equine Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uppsala SLU, Sweden
| | - Fernando Malalana
- the Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Katja Roscher
- the Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Denis Verwilghen
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meret Wehrli Eser
- the Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse-faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornélie Westermann
- the Equine Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, United Kingdom
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Medić S, van den Hoven R, Petrović T, Lupulović D, Nowotny N. Serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in the horse population of northern Serbia. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8:914-8. [PMID: 25022304 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) in the horse population of northern Serbia. Furthermore, it aimed to provide insight and an updated overview on the circulation of this re-emerging pathogen in this part of southeastern Europe. At the time of manuscript preparation, no clinical cases of WNV infection in horses were reported in this area. METHODOLOGY Between 2007 and 2011, a total of 252 equine serum samples were collected from seven different locations in northern Serbia. The presence of WNV-reactive IgG antibodies was examined by using commercial and in-house ELISAs. Selected ELISA-positive samples were re-tested by a WNV lineage 2 plaque reduction neutralization test 90% (PRNT-90). RESULTS In 28.6% of the 252 tested equine serum samples antibodies against WNV were detected. The results obtained with the in-house ELISA corresponded to the outcome of the commercial kit in 90% of the samples. All selected WNV antibody ELISA-positive samples were confirmed by PRNT-90 with neutralizing antibody titers of 1:23 to > 1:512. CONCLUSION This study confirms the circulation of WNV in northern Serbia. No striking regional differences in seroprevalences were identified suggesting WNV circulation also in other parts of Serbia. Distances between wetlands or forests and stud farms do not appear to have an influence on WNV seroprevalence.
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Schwarz B, Ertl R, Zimmer S, Netzmann Y, Klein D, Schwendenwein I, Hoven RVD. Estimated prevalence of the GYS-1 mutation in healthy Austrian Haflingers. Vet Rec 2011; 169:583. [PMID: 21949056 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and frequency of a mutation in the gene coding for skeletal muscle glycogen synthase type 1 (GYS-1), which is the cause of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) type 1 in a population of 50 Haflingers. GYS-1 genotyping of 50 Haflingers was performed with a validated restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The second aim was to compare resting and post-exercise muscle enzyme activities as well as parameters of glucose metabolism in blood between horses with and without the mutation. Nine of the 50 Haflingers were identified to be heterozygous for the mutation (HR). None was homozygous (HH). The estimated HR prevalence was 18 per cent in this herd. Mean aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity at rest and mean creatine kinase and AST activity after exercise were significantly higher in HR compared with RR (homozygote normal) horses. No significant differences could be found in the other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schwarz
- Equine Clinic, Section of Internal Medicine, Central Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Hirt RA, Wiederstein I, Denner EBM, Mosing M, de Arespacochaga AG, Spergser J, van den Hoven R. Influence of the collection and oxygenation method on quantitative bacterial composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from healthy dogs. Vet J 2009; 184:77-82. [PMID: 19213582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects on quantitative and qualitative microbial content of endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in healthy dogs using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). It was hypothesised that oropharyngeal protection might prevent contamination of BALF with oropharyngeal microflora. Ten healthy Beagle dogs were randomly assigned to two groups and underwent endoscopic BAL on two occasions, either via an open unprotected oropharynx with oxygen supply provided via a nasal catheter (NT) or through a sterile LMA. For the second sampling, groups were switched. BALF analysis included quantitative microbial culture, nucleated cell counts and cytology. The mean (+/-SD) number of colony forming units (CFU)/mL found in the BALF using the LMA was 25,610+/-22,943 in the right lung (RL) and 22,510+/-18,779 in the left (LL). With the NT technique, the figures were 21,068+/-19,375 for the RL and 16,060+/-15,523 for the LL, respectively. Nucleated cell counts/microL were 691.0+/-181.6 (RL) and 734.0+/-171.6 (LL) for LMA, and 772.0+/-251.0 (RL) and 748+/-163.2 (LL) for NT. No significant differences were detected either in the number of CFU/mL or in the diversity of bacterial species with the two methods. A significant increase in BALF bacterial counts (with reduced species diversity) was observed on the second compared to the first sampling regardless of the method used. Protection of the oral cavity and oropharynx using an LMA had no significant influence on BALF bacterial counts. The findings suggest that with careful endoscope insertion, the risk of contamination of BALF by resident and transient oropharyngeal microflora can be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard A Hirt
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (VUW), A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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