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Frum T, Hsu PP, Hein RFC, Conchola AS, Zhang CJ, Utter OR, Anand A, Zhang Y, Clark SG, Glass I, Sexton JZ, Spence JR. Opposing roles for TGFβ- and BMP-signaling during nascent alveolar differentiation in the developing human lung. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:48. [PMID: 37689780 PMCID: PMC10492838 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells function as stem cells in the adult lung and aid in repair after injury. The current study aimed to understand the signaling events that control differentiation of this therapeutically relevant cell type during human development. Using lung explant and organoid models, we identified opposing effects of TGFβ- and BMP-signaling, where inhibition of TGFβ- and activation of BMP-signaling in the context of high WNT- and FGF-signaling efficiently differentiated early lung progenitors into AT2-like cells in vitro. AT2-like cells differentiated in this manner exhibit surfactant processing and secretion capabilities, and long-term commitment to a mature AT2 phenotype when expanded in media optimized for primary AT2 culture. Comparing AT2-like cells differentiated with TGFβ-inhibition and BMP-activation to alternative differentiation approaches revealed improved specificity to the AT2 lineage and reduced off-target cell types. These findings reveal opposing roles for TGFβ- and BMP-signaling in AT2 differentiation and provide a new strategy to generate a therapeutically relevant cell type in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peggy P Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Renee F C Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ansley S Conchola
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Charles J Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Olivia R Utter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sydney G Clark
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Conchola AS, Frum T, Xiao Z, Hsu PP, Kaur K, Downey MS, Hein RFC, Miller AJ, Tsai YH, Wu A, Holloway EM, Anand A, Murthy PKL, Glass I, Tata PR, Spence JR. Regionally distinct progenitor cells in the lower airway give rise to neuroendocrine and multiciliated cells in the developing human lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210113120. [PMID: 37279279 PMCID: PMC10268599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using scRNA-seq and microscopy, we describe a cell that is enriched in the lower airways of the developing human lung and identified by the unique coexpression of SCGB3A2/SFTPB/CFTR. To functionally interrogate these cells, we apply a single-cell barcode-based lineage tracing method, called CellTagging, to track the fate of SCGB3A2/SFTPB/CFTR cells during airway organoid differentiation in vitro. Lineage tracing reveals that these cells have a distinct differentiation potential from basal cells, giving rise predominantly to pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and a subset of multiciliated cells distinguished by high C6 and low MUC16 expression. Lineage tracing results are supported by studies using organoids and isolated cells from the lower noncartilaginous airway. We conclude that SCGB3A2/SFTPB/CFTR cells are enriched in the lower airways of the developing human lung and contribute to the epithelial diversity and heterogeneity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley S. Conchola
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Peggy P. Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Kamika Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Michael S. Downey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Renee F. C. Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Alyssa J. Miller
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Emily M. Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | | | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | | | - Jason R. Spence
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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Frum T, Hsu PP, Hein RFC, Conchola AS, Zhang CJ, Utter OR, Anand A, Zhang Y, Clark SG, Glass I, Sexton JZ, Spence JR. Opposing roles for TGFβ- and BMP-signaling during nascent alveolar differentiation in the developing human lung. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.05.539573. [PMID: 37205521 PMCID: PMC10187311 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells function as stem cells in the adult lung and aid in repair after injury. The current study aimed to understand the signaling events that control differentiation of this therapeutically relevant cell type during human development. Using lung explant and organoid models, we identified opposing effects of TGFβ- and BMP-signaling, where inhibition of TGFβ- and activation of BMP-signaling in the context of high WNT- and FGF-signaling efficiently differentiated early lung progenitors into AT2-like cells in vitro . AT2-like cells differentiated in this manner exhibit surfactant processing and secretion capabilities, and long-term commitment to a mature AT2 phenotype when expanded in media optimized for primary AT2 culture. Comparing AT2-like cells differentiated with TGFβ-inhibition and BMP-activation to alternative differentiation approaches revealed improved specificity to the AT2 lineage and reduced off-target cell types. These findings reveal opposing roles for TGFβ- and BMP-signaling in AT2 differentiation and provide a new strategy to generate a therapeutically relevant cell type in vitro .
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Danopoulos S, Belgacemi R, Hein RFC, Miller AJ, Deutsch GH, Glass I, Spence JR, Al Alam D. FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis through regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L433-L444. [PMID: 36791060 PMCID: PMC10027085 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00316.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is known to play an important role in lung organogenesis. However, we recently demonstrated that FGF10 fails to induce branching in human fetal lungs as is observed in mouse. Our previous human fetal lung RNA sequencing data exhibited increased FGF18 during the pseudoglandular stage of development, suggestive of its importance in human lung branching morphogenesis. Whereas it has been previously reported that FGF18 is critical during alveologenesis, few studies have described its implication in lung branching, specifically in human. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of FGF18 in human lung branching morphogenesis. Human fetal lung explants within the pseudoglandular stage of development were treated with recombinant human FGF18 in air-liquid interface culture. Explants were analyzed grossly to assess differences in branching pattern, as well as at the cellular and molecular levels. FGF18 treatment promoted branching in explant cultures and demonstrated increased epithelial proliferation as well as maintenance of the double positive SOX2/SOX9 distal bud progenitor cells, confirming its role in human lung branching morphogenesis. In addition, FGF18 treated explants displayed increased expression of SOX9, FN1, and COL2A1 within the mesenchyme, all factors that are important to chondrocyte differentiation. In humans, cartilaginous airways extend deep into the lung up to the 12th generation of branching whereas in mouse these are restricted to the trachea and main bronchi. Therefore, our data suggest that FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis through regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Randa Belgacemi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Renee F C Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Hein RFC, Conchola AS, Fine AS, Xiao Z, Frum T, Brastrom LK, Akinwale MA, Childs CJ, Tsai YH, Holloway EM, Huang S, Mahoney J, Heemskerk I, Spence JR. Stable iPSC-derived NKX2-1+ lung bud tip progenitor organoids give rise to airway and alveolar cell types. Development 2022; 149:dev200693. [PMID: 36039869 PMCID: PMC9534489 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bud tip progenitors (BTPs) in the developing lung give rise to all epithelial cell types found in the airways and alveoli. This work aimed to develop an iPSC organoid model enriched with NKX2-1+ BTP-like cells. Building on previous studies, we optimized a directed differentiation paradigm to generate spheroids with more robust NKX2-1 expression. Spheroids were expanded into organoids that possessed NKX2-1+/CPM+ BTP-like cells, which increased in number over time. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a high degree of transcriptional similarity between induced BTPs (iBTPs) and in vivo BTPs. Using FACS, iBTPs were purified and expanded as induced bud tip progenitor organoids (iBTOs), which maintained an enriched population of bud tip progenitors. When iBTOs were directed to differentiate into airway or alveolar cell types using well-established methods, they gave rise to organoids composed of organized airway or alveolar epithelium, respectively. Collectively, iBTOs are transcriptionally and functionally similar to in vivo BTPs, providing an important model for studying human lung development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F. C. Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ansley S. Conchola
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis S. Fine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lindy K. Brastrom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mayowa A. Akinwale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J. Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M. Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Mahoney
- Therapeutics Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Hein RFC, Wu JH, Holloway EM, Frum T, Conchola AS, Tsai YH, Wu A, Fine AS, Miller AJ, Szenker-Ravi E, Yan KS, Kuo CJ, Glass I, Reversade B, Spence JR. R-SPONDIN2 + mesenchymal cells form the bud tip progenitor niche during human lung development. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1598-1614.e8. [PMID: 35679862 PMCID: PMC9283295 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The human respiratory epithelium is derived from a progenitor cell in the distal buds of the developing lung. These "bud tip progenitors" are regulated by reciprocal signaling with surrounding mesenchyme; however, mesenchymal heterogeneity and function in the developing human lung are poorly understood. We interrogated single-cell RNA sequencing data from multiple human lung specimens and identified a mesenchymal cell population present during development that is highly enriched for expression of the WNT agonist RSPO2, and we found that the adjacent bud tip progenitors are enriched for the RSPO2 receptor LGR5. Functional experiments using organoid models, explant cultures, and FACS-isolated RSPO2+ mesenchyme show that RSPO2 is a critical niche cue that potentiates WNT signaling in bud tip progenitors to support their maintenance and multipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F C Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ansley S Conchola
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis S Fine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Szenker-Ravi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kelley S Yan
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Medicine and Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore; Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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